Singers turgenev analysis of heroes. Singers. Analysis of the story of Turgenev. Means of artistic expression

Turgenev's "singers" enter the middle of the cycle of stories "Notes of a Hunter" (this work is called a "cycle" on the basis that the personality of the narrator, in many respects identical to the author himself, is present in all stories, and also because the writer composed these works, perceiving them as a whole). It embodies the features of the author's style characteristic of the entire collection, the main ones of which are rightfully considered descriptions of landscapes, the figure of the narrator, psychologism (a way of revealing the characters of the characters) and, of course, close attention to the ordinary Russian person and his fate.

Having got acquainted with this work, the reader, undoubtedly, will be able to form an impression, both about the entire cycle of stories, and about the prose of Turgenev, the great master of Russian literature, in general. It was thanks to the skill in writing stories that he became famous not only in Russia, but throughout Europe during his lifetime.

The Singers were written by Turgenev in the midst of work on the collection - in 1850, when the author was already clearly aware of the social and aesthetic significance of the future cycle, within which he created stories. This means that each work reflects in one way or another the specifics of the Hunter's Notes as a whole, and they need to be perceived in aggregate, as Turgenev himself did.

This story was created at a time when most of the peasants existed under the yoke of serfdom (abolished only in 1861 by the decree of Alexander II, who, by the way, read "Notes of a Hunter"), in a destructive social and natural environment (remember the ravine around which the village of Kotlotovka is located from The Singers). The prerequisites for the disintegration of the landlord system of land tenure already existed, echoes of which are found in this collection.

Genre and direction

Turgenev's "Singers" is a story. It is characterized by everything that is characteristic of other examples of the genre: a small number plot lines(in this case, one), characters (in this case, nine), problems to be solved (in this case, two, not counting varieties).

Turgenev in "Notes of a Hunter" strove to believably, realistically depict the life of the Russian people, primarily ordinary people. This intention corresponds to what the representatives of the natural school did.

Composition

  1. The work begins with an extensive exposition (the part that introduces the reader to the main actors and their environment). It tells about the landscape specifics of the location of the Kolotovka village (it is located on a hill divided by a ravine, it divides the village in half), about the heart of the village - a drinking establishment owned by one of the main characters - Nikolai Ivanovich.
  2. Then the author moves on to the plot: the narrator comes to the village and learns that a competition will take place in the tavern between the singers as a rower (this is a profession; employing workers) and Yashka-Turk, and this arouses his interest, so he goes to listen.
  3. The main part, which consists only in preparations for the competition and the performance of the rower, is expanded by the narrator due to the characteristics of the characters anticipating the performance of the singers in the tavern.
  4. The culmination is Yashka's delightful performance and his victory.
  5. In the denouement, the narrator leaves the tavern and leaves the village of Kolotovka.
  6. The composition of Turgenev's story "The Singers" is mirrored: at the beginning the main character he comes to the village on a scorching day, in conclusion he leaves the village on a cool night (the images are day - night, the weather is hot - cool, the actions of the hero at the beginning and at the end of the work are opposite). As in many stories from The Hunter's Notes, the writer does not concentrate on the plot; its development takes up a small part of the volume of the work. Most of them are landscapes and personal characteristics of the characters.

    The main characters and their characteristics

    The images of the singers in Turgenev's story play a key role in the plot.

    The characterization of the row, given by the narrator himself, is as follows:

    As for the little man, whose fate, I confess, remained unknown to me, he seemed to me a dodgy and lively city bourgeoisie.

    Turgenev also reveals his character through his cold-blooded and self-confident behavior before the competition.

    The narrator reports the following about another singer:

    Jacob, nicknamed Turk, because he really came from a captured Turkish woman, was to his liking - an artist in every sense of the word, and by title - a scooper at a merchant's paper mill.

    He, unlike the rower, is exhausted with excitement before the competition and shows uncertainty.

    These heroes are opposed by social status (the rowdy is rich, Yashka is a poor man), by their behavior before the performance, one has a name, and the other does not. But the most important difference between them lies in their singing. The rower sings in such a way that it is interesting to listen to him, but Yakov's magnificent singing makes the men cry, takes them by the heart. The line between performers is where the line between entertainment and art is.

    However, in comparison with other characters (Stunned, Morgach, Nikolai Ivanovich, Dikim-Barin), the narrator reports very little about these two, without delving into their biography. Turgenev in "Notes of a Hunter" wished, first of all, to show the nobles (only they read it) that ordinary Russian peasants also have complex, sometimes unusual characters, have a soul, that they are the same people as the readers of Turgenev, constituting a single Russian people.

    Topics and problems

    The most significant theme of the story is the theme of music or, more broadly, the theme of art, revealed by a plot collision. Accordingly, the following issues are associated with it:

  • The influence of music on a person- when Yakov sings, he touches the subtlest strings of the souls of his listeners, gives them the opportunity to feel, feel the beauty (this problem can be reformulated: the influence of art on a person, the effect of beauty on others);
  • Genius problem- Jacob is poor, has a low social status, but he has something more significant - the ability to influence people's emotions by singing (the role of talent in the life of society).
  • the main idea

    The idea behind Turgenev's story "Singers": there is a clear line separating beauty from everyday entertainment. Yakov's speech not only surpassed that of the rower, it was fundamentally different in that it directly influenced the souls of those around it, it was not just a pleasant sight, it was truly beautiful.

    The meaning of Turgenev's story "Singers": beauty is a slight flicker in the darkness of everyday life, and after touching beauty, it hurts a person to return to the stuffy darkness of life. This is exactly what the narrator feels after the performance, so he leaves the tavern until the moment when Yakov and other men begin to celebrate and drink, that is, before Yakov turns from a translator of the ineffable back into the scooper Yashka-Turk.

    Means of artistic expression

    The skill of Turgenev as a storyteller lies in depicting refined landscapes, psychologism (disclosing inner peace characters through speech, behavior). The author seeks to understand the essence of the described phenomenon. It was this desire to display the smallest details of the life depicted that made him a great writer.

    Turgenev's style in The Singers is characterized by an abundance of epithets and comparisons.

    The landscape, the landscape of the village, divided in half by a ravine, as if symbolizes the wound that the narrator felt when returning from the depths of the soul to everyday existence.

    Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

People's Russia appeared in the "Singers" both mighty and powerless. Turgenev does not idealize his hero - the bearer of the best traits of the national character. Remaining true to reality, he contrasts the poetic image of a seagull, inspired by Jacob's song, with a picture of a drunken revelry that ended the competition. “… Everything was drunk,” the author notes with sadness, “everything, starting with Yakov. With bare chest he sat on a bench, humming in a hoarse voice some kind of dance, street song, idly fingering and plucking the strings of the guitar. Wet hair hung in tufts over his terribly pale1 ′ / face. " With this "gloomy" picture, Turgenev wanted to show that the moments of inspiration of the "folk singer" are rare and short-lived, after which he again falls into the grip of a rough life. This scene is perceived as a tragic conflict between true art and slave reality.

Highlighting the dramatic fate of a talented artist from the people in The Singers, Turgenev thereby deepened the ideological and artistic meaning of the story. The theme of the destructive impact of feudal reality on the human personality gave the story a new meaning, and the fate of its heroes was seen in a new way: it became clear why the timid peasant was so hammered and intimidated, why he got drunk and became a lost man Obolduy, and the Morgach and the kissing man, on the contrary, prospered ...

In this regard, the final scene of the story, which tells about the peasant boy Antropka (who will face a humiliating punishment) and formally, seemingly not related to the plot of the work, acquired new meaning as well. In fact, it was the logical conclusion of the ideological and artistic content of The Singers. In it, Turgenev once again drew the reader's attention to the terrible situation of the Russian people, when the curse of shameful oppression gravitates over everyone from the cradle to the grave. rods.

The tone of the narrative and the content of the final scene echoes the introductory part. The “sad” impression of the narrator from the devastated Kolotovka grows in the finale to the feeling of the tragedy of the fate of the enslaved People. Description of Beaters ("brown semi-parted roofs of houses", "scorched, dusty nygonl, along which thin, long-legged hens wander hopelessly," a half-dried pond with a "dammed sideways") and general drunkenness with its "discordant, vague din", with explosions of "fierce laughter" are socially acute. These paintings are permeated with the angry protest of the humanist writer against the slavish situation of the people. Turgenev believed that the people in whose midst such talented people as Yakov were born could not and should not live as before.

Tenth graders analyze the text of I. Turgenev

Analysis of the story "Singers"

The story "Singers" is part of Turgenev's cycle of stories "Notes of a Hunter", in which the story is told from the perspective of a nobleman-hunter. The central event of the "Singers" is a singing contest between Yakov Turk, a scooper from a paper mill, and a rower from Zhizdra. But, before it comes to the competition, the narrator gives several long descriptions of the scene - the village of Kolotovka: “The small village of Kolotovka<...>lies on the slope of a bare hill, cut from top to bottom by a terrible ravine, which, gaping like an abyss, winds, ripped and washed out, in the very middle of the street. " The wretchedness of the surroundings causes excruciating boredom in the narrator, but it turns out that all the surrounding residents "well know the road to Kolotovka: they go there willingly and often." The reason for this is the owner of the tavern, the kissing man Nikolai Ivanovich. It would seem that if Nikolai Ivanovich attracts people to a place like Kolotovka, then there must be something wonderful in it. Turgenev intrigues the reader, saying that Nikolai Ivanovich had "a special gift to attract and retain guests", and gives a very detailed portrait of him, in which there is nothing remarkable and even there is a share of comic: face "had thin legs! On the one hand, the description of the kissing man, his family, habits creates the impression that Nikolai Ivanovich is one of the main characters (and later it turns out that N.I. almost does not take part in the action at all!), On the other hand, a detailed portrait of N. I., "pictures of the village", "at no time of the year presented a gratifying sight", slowly escalate tension. The word itself voltage appears in several places: approaching the tavern, the hunter excites in the oncoming children "intensely meaningless contemplation", from the thin lips of Morgach leaving the hut, "a tense smile did not leave, already in the tavern, when they drew lots to see who would sing first", "All faces expressed tense expectation" (this "tense expectation" is expressed through the appearance of the characters: "the Wild Master himself narrowed his eyes, the peasant in a torn scroll stretched out his neck").

It is characteristic that the narrator describes the rower's singing objectively, not saying anything about his emotions, but only about the reaction to the singing of those around him. And talking about Yakov's song, the narrator describes his feelings, and they coincide with the feelings of the rest of the listeners: “I felt that my heart was boiling and tears rose to my eyes;<...>I looked around - the kissing man's wife was crying, leaning her chest against the window. " Jacob's song unites all visitors to the tavern, the narrator, being a nobleman, says “we” to himself and ordinary men: “this sound had a strange effect on all of us”.

The rower's song is neither lexically nor emotionally separated from the rest of the story: “So the rowdy stepped forward and sang in the highest falsetto.” For the rower himself, the singing did not evoke feelings; and he worries only because he is afraid not to please the audience. Yakov, on his way out, "paused, covered himself with his hand, and when he opened his face, it was as pale as that of a dead man." After Jacob's song, the listeners remain silent for some time: so they were struck by the singing. Thus, Jacob's song is separated from the rest of the text on both sides by "agitated silence."

The man's voice was "quite pleasant and sweet," in Yakov's voice "there was a genuine deep passion, and youth, and strength, and sweetness, and some kind of captivating, carefree, sad sorrow." Sweetness is the essence of the rower's voice and only one of the shades of Jacob's multifaceted voice. It is interesting that the storyteller calls the rower "Russian tenore di grazia, tenore leger" (which is quite contradictory in itself), and Yakov's voice sounded "Russian, truthful, ardent soul." The rower wagged his voice like a whirligig, Jacob's voice conjures up a completely different image in the narrator's memory - the image of a seagull on the seashore.

The rower, trying to please, "just climbed out of his skin"; Yakov, at first shy, sang, "surrendered himself entirely to his happiness." Singing is happiness for Yakov, he does not seek to please someone, he just sings.

After a while, the narrator comes to the window of the tavern and sees a drunken Yakov humming "in a hoarse voice some kind of dance song." Having drunk, Jacob becomes like a rower who sang the same dance song during the competition in the same hoarse voice.

The narrator, going down the hill, hears a boy cry: “Anthropka! Anthropka-ah! " In his voice sounds "joyful bitterness", on this note the story ends.

The whole story "Singers" is built on sounds arranged symmetrically in mood around Jacob's song: "angry barking of a dog" - "a dance song of a rowdy with a somewhat hoarse voice" - Jacob's song - a dance song of a hoarse Jacob - a boy's cry in which "joyful anger ". The sound does not disappear, the narrator first "sounded in his ears the irresistible voice of Yakov", and then the boy's cry for a long time "seemed to him in the air."

"Singers" is a picture of the world in which there is a miracle of creativity, and the wretchedness of life, and anger, and the opportunity to see beauty in such a life.

Olga Vakhrusheva
10th grade,
school number 57, Moscow

Analysis of the story "Singers"
(fragment)

The story "Singers" is included in the cycle of I.S. Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter". The peculiarity of these stories is that we are carried away by vivid descriptions: landscapes, portraits, stories of heroes. The narrator leads the story slowly, thoroughly, without missing a single detail.

In "Singers" he tells a simple story, however, looking closer, you notice that this story carries a vivid picture of the world. The singing of Yashka Turk is the very moment when the story goes beyond its narrow framework. The descriptions before and after the song are in stark contrast to each other.

The landscape in the first part, before the singing, expresses longing and despondency: "The sun flared up in the sky, as if ferocious, hovered and burned relentlessly, the air was almost saturated with stuffy dust." All sounds and human voices are muffled: the Morgach "babbled ... with an effort raising his thick eyebrows ...", "a rattling voice was heard." All actions are slowed down: "What a crawl you are, brother, right word." The colors are local, dull, expressing the deadness of everything around: "... at the very bottom, dry and yellow, like copper, there are huge slabs of clay stone."

In the second part, everything changes dramatically, poetry, movement, poetic images, such as a seagull, a swimmer, a steppe, appear. The colors become brighter, the descriptions are more detailed: "in the dark blue sky, it seemed, some small, bright lights were spinning through the thinnest, almost black dust." Everything changed: “When I woke up, the scattered grass around was a little damp, pale stars flickered faintly through the thin rails of the half-open roof. I went out, the dawn had long gone out, and the last trace was barely white in the sky ... ”. If at first "the air was all saturated with stuffy dust", now the trace of the dawn "barely whitened", the stars "flickered weakly", and the warmth remaining from the heat of the night "was felt through the night freshness."

In describing the daytime, sultry nature, the narrator's gaze moves from top to bottom, as if imitating the sheep, which "with dull patience bow their heads as low as possible, as if waiting for this unbearable heat to pass." After singing Yashka Turk, the gaze not only rises up to the sky, but also expands its range: “it (the plain) seemed even more immense and seemed to merge with the darkened sky”. ………………

Anastasia SOROTOKINA
10th grade,
school number 57, Moscow

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is an outstanding classic who made a huge contribution to Russian and world literature. Until now, many of his works are included in the school curriculum, and children study them in schools.

A special place in his work is occupied by a cycle of stories called "Records of a Hunter". These stories are mainly devoted to the peasants, or rather, the description of their life, way of life, problems. The works are based on true stories and incidents.

One of such works from this cycle is the story "Singers", which takes place in the small village of Kolotovka, which lies on the slope of a mountain hill, which is crossed by several hills and ravines. In this village, in a small quadrangular hut, all the events take place.

Short description

The hut itself is a "Pritynny" tavern, a popular and demanded place. Nikolay Ivanovich is holding it, respected people in the district. Despite the fact that the owner does not differ in particular courtesy or talkativeness, his institution is chosen more often than others. The thing is that Nikolai Ivanovich knows the needs of a Russian person and offers what is requested in time. In addition, the owner of the establishment does not have the habit of chatting about other people's secrets, although he knows everything that happens in the area.

Visitors to the tavern

One day in this very tavern, an unexpected event takes place, which the stagnant of this institution came to gaze at. The best local singer came here under the name Turok-Yashka and together with a rower from Zhizdra they decided to start a competition who sings better. The guests of the tavern have gathered around and expect spectacles, they need to somehow brighten up these gloomy days. Evgraf Ivanov also came here, he was also nicknamed Obolduy, because no drink can do without this specimen. There is also a broad-shouldered Tatar, his name is Wild Master, he looks very formidable.

How many times he came here and he always had money. True, no one knew exactly what he was doing, and everyone was afraid to ask. However, he was respected everywhere, even though he looked evil, but he was fond of singing, which made him a little kinder. Also, Morgach came to this eatery, he was a small, plump man who had sly eyes. Of course, there were still many people in this institution, but they took part in these battles less. They were all completely different, but they were united by one thing, namely the love of singing and music, which is what the writer wanted to emphasize in this story.

Competition

And so the competition began.

The rower was the first to show his skills. He was a small man, about thirty years of age, with a small beard and a solid build. His voice gave off a slight hoarseness, but this did not spoil the pronunciation at all and the listeners liked it. During the performance, he sang a cheerful live song, where there were many overflows and transitions, the audience liked it all, and they smiled. After the performance, having looked at the reaction of the audience, the rower was already confident in his victory.

But Yashka-Turok was also supposed to perform. Yashka was a young guy, he was 23 years old, he was handsome and slender, his eyes were big gray, and his hair was light brown, in general, he was a pretty handsome youth. He worked nearby at a local factory. This performance was so strong that even the opponent admitted defeat. Everyone who heard the performer was amazed by the power of the singer's voice, everyone was “sweet” and “creepy” at the same time. Jacob himself forgot that he was competing, completely surrendering to his own emotions.

In the work, everything is described quite accurately and vividly, all the experiences of the performers and listeners are very well conveyed, so the reader immediately has a feeling of personal presence.

Victory

Before the performance, Yashka was a little embarrassed. He tried to hide from the audience with his hand. And when someone removed his hand, he seemed completely pale. Such a strong excitement was experienced by the young man.

But the love of the song did its job! Yashka's voice grew stronger with each note. The sound, which at first seemed weak, gained strength with each note, became louder every second. The performer put his whole soul into his song. Yashka was able to express everything that is in the soul of a Russian person. It was also pain, sorrow, youth, passion, strength. The song was so sung that the author himself forgot that there were spectators here.

When the song was over, he saw that many of the audience had tears. Some even sobbed, turning away from everyone. The victory was unconditional!

Analysis of the story

As you know, the story "Singers" is included in a whole cycle of "Notes of a Hunter", which was created over four years, but ten years later the author decided to add three works there. This entire collection began with a story about the peasants "Khor and Kalinich", which Turgenev wrote under the impression of a walk around the outskirts of the Oryol province. Perhaps this is the name of the collection, because the writer himself was fond of hunting.

In 1850, the story "Singers" was written, which, like other works, described the life of the common people, and the plot itself was dictated by what he saw and heard. The story "Singers", like the rest of the texts, was published in the "Sovremennik" magazine and was a great success. Readers were already familiar with the work of Turgenev and were waiting for his new publications. The reader liked that each Turgenev character is described in detail, showing all his manners, habits, preferences.

At the same time that the author spoke about the hard fate and difficult conditions of the existence of his heroes, he tried to convey the poetry and talent of the people. For him, the main thing is that it should arise out of nowhere and without unnecessary sentimentality. Although many of the characters are shown with a touch of humor or irony, however, they were all something of an individual.

In this work, you can see the images of the whole village of Kolotovka. At the beginning of the story, the soul of the company, the owner of a local pub, stands out. Also, a person nicknamed Awesome is celebrated, based on whose nickname one can understand what he is, a balabol and a muddler. An interesting character Wild Master, like he is formidable and terrible, everyone is afraid of him, however, at the same time, he commands respect from society. Individuality and the rowdy himself with a good voice and funny songs, and of course the winner named Yashka.

The story goes on behalf of the master, who, as it were, watched from the sidelines what was happening. It is not difficult to recognize the author himself - Turgenev. This plot is set in Pritynnaya, a local drinking establishment. In the work, a fairly large part is devoted precisely to the description of the people present in this eatery. In this place, festivities take place and as a result, a large number of people come here for a pastime, participants also come here for a singing competition, in this case it is Yashka and a rower from Zhizdra. To begin with, the participants throw a lot, which falls to the rower.

The entire competition is described by the author with special love and respect for all the characters. The first performer deserves the highest praise, not only because he has a singing talent, but also because he is able to honestly admit defeat and express his delight to a competitor.

Yashka's speech is completely disarming. It did not leave anyone indifferent. The performance touched everyone to the core. Even the Wild Master, whom no one saw with emotion, never cried or laughed, then let out a tear. Yashka turned over every soul with his song, touched a living, showed from the side their gloomy and difficult life.

The finale of the piece deserves special attention. The author conveyed the feelings that he experienced when he witnessed this amazing phenomenon in the depths of Russia. He described in detail what the effect was. But it was not in Turgenev's rules to embellish reality. After the described song triumph, the narrator left the drinking establishment, and looking there very soon, he saw how again all the people were drunk and stupid.

The end of the piece remained open. Some boy nearby was looking for Antropka, who was supposed to be flogged for offense, and the reader can only guess about further events in this village.

Output

In his story, Turgenev showed that against the background of the wretchedness of the life of the common people, despondency and despair, the miracle of creativity and beauty can be traced.

The writer is pleased that people who are accustomed to persecution and poverty are able to discern talent in a person, to penetrate him and make even gloomy men cry.

Ivan Sergeevich spoke about art in the best possible way, which he confirmed more than once with his wonderful works.

I. S. Turgenev's story "Singers" is included in a voluminous cycle of essays and stories, united by the common title "Notes of a Hunter". The cycle was created over many years - from 1847 to 1851 (1874 should also be mentioned, when three more stories were added to the main list of works) and the author did not immediately decide on his idea. It all began with the story "Khor and Kalinich", created under the impression of Turgenev's walks around the outskirts of Spassky-Lutovinoy, Oryol province. The writer indulged in hunting with pleasure, and his field of vision now and then came across Spassky's landscapes and local residents with their various customs. This became the basis of numerous stories, more reminiscent of essays with detailed descriptions of the types of peasants and people of other classes.

The story "Singers" was created in the middle of the cycle - in 1850, when the author was well aware of why he was writing his next story based on what he had seen. The stories published in the famous Sovremennik magazine became a real breakthrough in Russian literature and forced the public to reconsider their views on the modern hero of a work of art. For Turgenev, this is a simple person with all the details of his external appearance and inner world, habits dictated often by a difficult fate and difficult living conditions. However, the author's task is not so much to depict the common people as naturalistically as possible, but to poeticize them, but at the same time without unnecessary sentimentality. Many images are shown with humor or author's irony. But every time they are subtly and interestingly developed from a psychological point of view.

So, in “Singers” a curious gallery of images of the village “Kolotovka” and its environs is born: the soul of the company and the owner of the popular tavern, the kissing man Nikolai Ivanovich, the ubiquitous balabol and loafers nicknamed Awesome; the mysterious, but inviting respect for himself, the Wild Master; a lawyer from Zhizdra with a beautiful high voice; a peasant "on his own mind" with a suspicious look, nicknamed Morgach and, finally, the winner of the singing competition Yashka-Turk.

The hero, on whose behalf the narration is conducted, the master of the local district (in him we recognize Turgenev himself), as usual, acts in the story as an observer. The plot is based on simple events unfolding in Nikolai Ivanovich's "Pritynnaya", at the same time, a lot of space is given in the work detailed description different types. Numerous visitors come here, including candidates for victory in the singing competition - a rower from Zhizdra and Yashka-Turok. The lot fell out to sing first to the rower. And he rather quickly impressed the audience with a beautiful falsetto and complex musical passages. But Wild-Barin continued to frown. His reaction remained a mystery to the master watching him.

Meanwhile, despite the attempts of Obaduy and the sympathizers to assign victory to the rower without a fight, it was decided to hear Yashka-Turk. He was noticeably worried and even seemed to want to avoid soloing. But all the same Dikiy-Barin strictly insisted on observing the rules of the competition.

Yasha began to sing hesitantly, his voice gradually gaining strength. But then that very Russian folk song began to sound, which is capable of turning the soul of any listener. And in the very voice of Yashka there was something both eerie and at the same time bewitching. There was not a single person in "Pritynnaya" who was not touched by this voice to the depths of his soul. And Dikiy-Barin could not resist: a tear rolled from his eye. This is how the unconditional victory of Yashka-Turk was won.

The finale of the work deserves special attention. The author-storyteller leaves the drinking house, fearing to disturb the amazing impression that what he saw and heard made on him. And, apparently, he was right. Because later, looking through the window of the same establishment, he saw that everyone was pretty drunk, noisy and stupid. The story ends with an open ending, over which one involuntarily wants to ponder. This is a lyrical digression about a boy who was looking for some Antropka, whom the lady wanted to whip. And for a long time the narrator heard this voice: “Anthropka-ah! ... "Perhaps because one day the master learned the greatness of the talent of a common man and his same bitter fate? ...