Ecology of consumption. Estate: The main types used in private houses are natural and forced, the distinctive features of which are the use (forced) of additional equipment, or ventilation using physical processes (natural).
Insufficient air circulation between indoors and outdoors can lead to air stagnation, the formation of fungus and mold, and allergic reactions, heaviness throughout the body and poor health will become dubious “bonuses” in a room without ventilation.
The main types used in private homes are natural and forced, the distinctive features of which are the use (forced) of additional equipment, or ventilation using physical processes (natural).
Advantages and disadvantages of natural ventilation
The main advantage of natural ventilation is the simplicity and low cost of constructing the system, while forced ventilation can boast of more efficient and high-quality work.
Along with a number of undeniable advantages - low cost, ease of implementation - natural ventilation also has disadvantages, which, by the way, are significant. Many construction experts talk about the ineffectiveness of such a system and here’s why:
- According to building codes, the permissible temperature outside should not be lower than +5 degrees, otherwise the draft will increase and a large amount of cold air will begin to enter the house. According to some data, heat losses from natural ventilation in some cases reach 40% of the total volume.
- The situation is diametrically opposite to the previous point: if it is too hot outside, air exchange is minimized until air circulation completely stops.
- There is no way to treat the air coming from the street. The environmental situation in the country and in the world leaves much to be desired. Clean air is more of a luxury than an ordinary thing. Untreated and unpurified air can cause many problems.
- Ventilation in the room has limited adjustment. While it is still possible to reduce air exchange by tightly closing windows and doors, it is no longer possible to significantly increase it.
To create an effective atmosphere in the rooms of a private house, it is necessary to resort to complexity: the best option would be a combination of natural circulation with technological developments in this area (fans, filters, etc.).
Why do you need a hood in a private house with a stove or fireplace?
If a stove or fireplace is used in the house not as a decorative element, but performs its direct duties - heating the room, you need to take care of natural ventilation in double. For complete combustion of the fuel, a sufficient amount of oxidizer (in this case oxygen) is necessary. If there is a shortage of fuel, the fuel will not burn completely, releasing carbon monoxide, which will enter the living space. Naturally, there is little pleasant or useful in this.
Ventilation device in a house with a fireplace
If there is not enough air flow, then in the warm season you can open the window - this will be enough. In winter, such a trick is unlikely to work, so even at the construction stage it is advisable to run a pipe under the floor directly to the stove or fireplace, through which the required amount of air will flow.
To organize a hood, they most often resort to the services of experts; this article is aimed at craftsmen who plan to carry out the installation themselves. Next, we will consider the main recommendations for constructing such ventilation, common problems and disadvantages.
How to make a natural ventilation system with your own hands
Natural ventilation works based on physical laws - due to the difference between warm air indoors and cold air outside (warm air is lighter) as well as pressure differences. Based on this, we came up with a simple design that is quite simple to make in a private house: in the center of the future home, most often in a load-bearing wall, a channel with a cross-section of about 130–140 mm is laid. Horizontal branches with a diameter of 100–100 mm are drawn from it into the rooms of the house.
Diagram and design of a system with a ventilation duct
Ventilation system design
Correct installation
Ventilation duct in the wall
To organize the wiring, plastic pipes are used. Then physics comes into play - warmer room air is under pressure and is drawn out due to traction force, colder street air enters the rooms through specially made channels, or naturally (doorways, open windows, etc.).
Placement of supply ducts in the wall
- The thickness of the walls of the exhaust duct must be at least one and a half bricks. Otherwise, the air in it will quickly cool and the reverse process will occur - the air will not be drawn out, but will flow into the rooms.
- The pipe at the outlet of the exhaust duct on the roof must be higher than the ridge. Otherwise, roof turbulence will interfere with the normal operation of the traction.
Bringing the system to the street
The main flow channel, as described above, is done in a standard way. But the influx of fresh air coming from the street can be organized in two ways - either by making flow channels in the window sills, or by making gaps in the windows. When choosing the second method, it is better to use metal-plastic windows, which have one competitive advantage over wooden ones - an increased level of sound insulation. These measures will be enough to ventilate the house to the required extent.
If we talk about the advantage of using natural ventilation in a private house over forced ventilation (filters, radiators, etc.), you need to focus on two points - noise and air frequency.
Natural ventilation does not require additional equipment (at least, you can do without it). This means that there will be no extraneous noise in the house from operating fans and radiators.
Many people, when installing air purifying filters, forget that they require constant replacement. After prolonged use, the filter becomes dirty and the air passing through it is not cleaned, but is supplied with an additional dose of dust and other substances, making it even more polluted. There is no need to control air exchange during natural ventilation - especially since some of the large particles coming into the house from the street along with the air settle on the windowsills, where they can be easily removed with a damp cloth. And if we assume that wet cleaning is carried out in the house regularly, then this should not cause any additional inconvenience.
Video: how to arrange a natural hood
Don't forget about the air conditioning system. A properly organized tandem of natural, forced ventilation and air conditioning will make life in the house comfortable and safe for health.published
Ventilation in a private home is approached in the same way as other types of buildings. That is, this engineering system is based on the requirements of sanitary standards, which regulate the degree of ventilation of the room. Each room has a different level of this, so taking into account each room and throughout the house as a whole, a ventilation system is being built.
The importance of ventilation for a residential building
Some private developers believe that it is not necessary to attach great importance to the building ventilation system. And they make a big mistake. After all, the need for air exchange indoors is not only the maintenance of a certain microclimate in the house, which, of course, affects the health of the people living in it, but also the high-quality technical condition of the entire building and its individual structures.
Here are five reasons to judge the need for modern home ventilation.
- People breathe oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. If there is no constant replenishment of air in the rooms with oxygen, its percentage will fall, the percentage of carbon dioxide will increase, which will lead to weakening of people. This will be especially pronounced in people who are sick: shortness of breath, dizziness and other ailments.
- Our life is always accompanied by smells. These are not only human odors, but also from cooking, clothing, animals from bathrooms. Here you can add smoking and other bad habits. If you do not organize ventilation in the house, then the mixing of odors will create such an atmosphere that it will simply be impossible to live in the house.
- Stagnant air is an environment for pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
- Today, all private homes have bathrooms that are subject to temperature changes, high humidity and various odors. The main requirement for these rooms is the removal of damp vapors, which negatively affect the furnishings of the premises: decoration, furniture, plumbing.
- Unfortunately, when constructing a private house, building materials that can be said to be harmless to humans are not always used. Or in other words, they are environmentally friendly, that is, under the influence of humidity and temperature they do not release harmful substances into the air. Ventilation will ensure their removal outside the rooms. And this is a very important point.
Separately, of course, it is necessary to say about the kitchen, as the most active room, where all the negative factors described above are present. You can add oil fumes and combustion products to them (if a gas stove is used). It is here that the main ventilation riser needs to be laid; it is in this room that the highest air exchange is required.
As you can see, there are many different factors that confirm the need for a ventilation system in the house. The main thing is to correctly calculate it, taking into account the air exchange in each room. Of course, you need to competently approach the choice of ventilation for a private home.
Norms and requirements
It is prohibited to do ventilation simply by eye, because this engineering system works according to precise rules for the removal of polluted air with an influx of fresh air. And each room has its own air exchange standards. In some of them, the standards are based only on air exchange taking into account its volume. Others use standards for the replacement rate of the actual volume of the room itself. That is, it depends on the size of the rooms, their area and ceiling heights.
A table is provided that compiles the air exchange rates in the rooms of a private house.
If a sauna, billiard room and other rooms that are used infrequently are being built in the house, then the calculation of air exchange is made taking into account the operating conditions of the rooms. In this case, the number of storeys of the building must be taken into account. Because for a one-story house, natural ventilation is the best option if it does not have a large number of rooms operated under specific conditions. For example, the same sauna or a bathhouse attached to the house. By the way, in these rooms the main thing is to properly organize the exit and entry of air masses.
Ventilation device in a private house
According to regulatory schemes (standard), any ventilation system is based on the exhaust and supply of air. That is, one does not exist separately from the other. Therefore, the house must first ensure the removal of exhaust air masses and organize the flow of fresh air from the street.
More recently, when no thought was given to plastic windows, air flow occurred through cracks and leaks in door and window structures. That is, there was a natural influx, which was taken into account when calculating the ventilation of private houses. Today the situation has changed, because entrance doors and windows are sealed structures through which fresh air does not enter the house. This means we need to find methods and technologies that will provide rooms with clean, fresh air.
In principle, there is no need to look, because such ventilation devices have existed for a long time, only they were previously used at production facilities. Today, these schemes have migrated to private homes and office buildings. The main task is to choose the necessary scheme that will correspond to the internal layout of the house. At the same time, ventilation must be effective in terms of appropriate air exchange, inexpensive and easy to assemble. Of course, the air exchange in the room (in each) is taken into account.
Natural and forced ventilation systems
Today, in private homes, two ventilation systems are used, which differ from each other in the presence or absence of devices that extract or pump air. We are talking about fans. If it is not in the scheme, it is a natural model, if there is a forced one. The first is also called passive ventilation, because in it the air moves according to purely physical laws, that is, warm air rises up and cold air moves down.
Natural
So, natural exhaust ventilation most often consists of air ducts in the form of risers, which are located in three rooms of a private house: the kitchen, toilet and bathroom. It is from here that exhaust air is extracted from all rooms.
At the same time, there is such a term as the flow of air masses, this is when in some rooms there are risers for exhaust, and in others there are inlet slots or openings. In this case, the air moves from those rooms where supply structures are installed to rooms where exhaust risers are installed. It is this movement of air flow from one room to another that is called crossflow. Special valves that are installed on windows are most often used as supply structures. The gap can be changed in size, which makes it possible to reduce or increase the intensity of air exchange.
Installing natural ventilation in the house is the simplest and almost cost-free option. Therefore, in one-story buildings it is most often used.
Forced
Forced ventilation, also known as mechanical ventilation, comes in several varieties, taking into account the same layout of air ducts. That is, everything will depend on where the fan is installed. There are three such schemes for mechanical ventilation of a house:
- supply;
- exhaust;
- supply and exhaust.
Supply
Supply ventilation in a private house today is more common than others. It's all about the simplicity of the layout of the system elements and ease of maintenance of the equipment. From the name itself it becomes clear that fans are installed on supply air ducts. In small houses, one supply unit is installed in a large room, from where it is easy to organize a flow.
In this case, the fan is installed outdoors or duct models are mounted into the wall, which are a pipe with a fan inside. They are usually installed under window sills or at floor level. Here are some requirements for supply ventilation:
- Exhaust ducts are installed in kitchens, bathrooms and toilets, utility rooms and storage rooms. If the house has a separate laundry and clothes dryer, then installation of risers is also required here. In some houses, men organize a small workshop for themselves. The installation of exhaust ducts is also required here.
- Supply ducts are installed in all living rooms.
- In some rooms it is recommended to install both supply and exhaust ducts. For example, in kitchens combined with rooms, in kitchens where a gas hob is used, in boiler rooms where gas boilers are installed, in any other rooms if there are two or more closing doors from the hood.
- If the second floor is tightly closed from the first floor with a door, then the principles of air removal do not change.
- If there is no door, then the hood must be installed in the space of the staircase. Supply channels are organized in living rooms.
Exhaust
From the name itself it becomes clear that the fan is installed on the hood. There are quite a few options here. But the schemes and requirements are the same with the supply variety. Although we must pay tribute that manufacturers today have made sure that the exhaust circuit is easy to maintain.
The traditional option for exhaust ventilation is to install fans on the roof, usually in the attic, where they are connected to exhaust ducts. And a short pipe extends from them, like an exit through the roofing material to the street. In this case, the end of the pipe is covered with a canopy against precipitation.
A more modern option is ventilation in the wall. Essentially, these are duct fans that are mounted in the wall under the ceiling. Manufacturers today offer this type of device of varying power, performance and size. So choosing the necessary model to suit the requirements and ventilation calculations will not be difficult.
Supply and exhaust
This type of ventilation system differs from the previous ones only in the presence of fans both at the outlet of the risers and at the input supply ducts. Firstly, we must pay tribute to the high efficiency of the circuit. Secondly, this relates more to disadvantages; this system is completely energy-dependent. And although fan manufacturers offer economical models, you will still have to constantly spend money on operating the equipment.
It should be noted that this scheme can be assembled or organized according to three basic principles: separate arrangement, modular and monoblock.
The first includes a system that includes separate exhaust ventilation and supply ventilation. That is, these are all the same channels with fans for air supply and exhaust. Here it is important to accurately select fans according to their performance so that the balance of the required volume of air inside the house is not disturbed.
The model design consists of air ducts combined into one system, scattered throughout all rooms. And the main module, which includes a fan, filters, sound absorbers and others, is located in the attic. In this case, the wiring is done so that supply ducts located near the floor and exhaust ducts near the ceiling enter each room. The fresh air itself is supplied through one input channel, which is connected to the main unit. If the house is small, then it is better not to use this complex wiring. There are simpler options.
A monoblock system is a single block that includes all the devices indicated in the previous version. This is a small set of equipment housed in a special cabinet, which is installed on the street or in any office space, for example, in a storage room or boiler room. The most important thing is that installing a monoblock with your own hands is not a problem. In this case, special attention must be paid to the installation of supply and exhaust ducts.
Designing ventilation in the house
Designing exhaust ventilation or any other means, first of all, the proper placement of air ducts. The project is drawn up at the design stage of the house itself and is an integral part of the overall project. Therefore, ventilation ducts, especially exhaust ones, are laid immediately at the stage of building a house.
First of all, the main risers are laid in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet, boiler room and other rooms specified above. Installation is carried out from the basement, that is, the ventilation pipe is laid in the foundation of the house and brought to the basement using an outlet. That is, it is installed at the stage of pouring concrete mortar. This, of course, is not a strict requirement, because there are many construction options, it’s just the simplest option.
At the design stage, it is necessary to take into account the volume of air exchange, due to which the cross-sections of ventilation pipes are selected. This is an important point on which the efficiency of the entire system depends. The performance of fans and their installation locations must be taken into account.
Calculation of ventilation in a private house
Let's consider the calculation of natural ventilation as the simplest. To do this, it is necessary to designate two parameters: the minimum amount of air entering from the outside (Qp) and the minimum volume to be removed from the house (Qv). Both table values from SP 54.13330.2011 are the first in table No. 1, the second in table No. 2.
Both are based on the dimensions of the house's rooms. Therefore, the input data is:
- The area of all living rooms (there are three) is 60 m².
- Ceiling height – 3 m.
- Attached storage room – 4.5 m².
- The house has a kitchen, bathroom and toilet, in which the air exchange rate is respectively: 90; 25; 25 m³/h.
First of all, the overall air exchange in the rooms is determined, for which it is necessary to multiply the air exchange of residential premises, equal to 30 m³/h, by the number of rooms - 3. 60x3=180 m³/h. This is the value of the supply volume that passes through the living quarters.
The air exchange values of all utility rooms are added up: 90+25+25=140 m³/h.
The frequency of air changes in the pantry is determined. A multiplicity of 0.2 is used here. That is, you need to multiply the volume of the pantry by this indicator: 4.5x3x0.2 = 2.7 m3/h.
Now we need to add the last two values: 140+2.7=142.7 m³/h. This is the exhaust air volume. Next, you need to compare the exhaust and supply air: it turns out that there is more supply air. We take this as the basis for the calculation.
Now we need to calculate the cross-section of the air duct. For example, if it is square with sides of 10 cm or round with a diameter of 150 mm, then the productivity of such a pipe with natural ventilation is 30 m³/h. If risers of this section are used in the construction of a house, then it is necessary to install: 180/30 = 6 risers. To reduce the number of hoods, you can increase the cross-sections by selecting them according to the air duct performance table.
The principles for calculating other types of ventilation systems are based on the same parameters.
DIY installation
The installation of ventilation in a private house must be approached from the perspective of what system was chosen. If this is a natural model, then the main thing is to lay the risers correctly. You will have to tinker with forced ventilation, especially if it is an extensive network. The simplest option is to install wall fans, for which you simply make holes in the walls with a crown and a hammer drill to the diameter of the pipe, where the equipment is inserted.
From the outside, that is, from the street, the pipe is covered with a canopy and a grill. A decorative grille is installed on the inside. Here it is important to very correctly connect the fan to the electrical supply network. To do this, the walls are usually chipped, where the power cable from the fan to the junction box is laid. True, this is done at the stage of repair or finishing. If the installation is carried out in a renovated room, then it is recommended to lay the wiring in special plastic boxes.
It should be noted that supply and exhaust ducts can be equipped with fans if the house has a comprehensive air exhaust system. In this case, as in the case of calculating natural ventilation, the maximum parameter is determined from two calculated ones: exhaust and inflow. It is on the basis of the calculations made that the fan, or more precisely, its performance, is selected.
It is easy to install a monoblock device. The main task is the correct choice of installation location. As practice shows, preference is given to the street near the wall of the house. Although the option in the office room solves the problem of equipment freezing. This device is convenient because it already includes all the necessary devices that are responsible not only for air exchange, but also for the purity of the supplied air flow.
In general, you can make exhaust or supply ventilation yourself if you carry out preliminary calculations correctly. You cannot select equipment and air ducts by eye. It may happen that their power and cross-section will be insufficient to cope with the volume of the internal premises.
- If you need the cheapest ventilation system without any complex devices, then choose a natural one. True, it has a couple of drawbacks: in the summer it practically does not work, and in the winter it often freezes.
- The supply and exhaust circuit is a long length of air ducts, often with complex wiring of the exhaust and supply sections. It is necessary to carry out accurate calculations to select a fan unit. The assembly itself is simple, but the installation process is labor-intensive. Therefore, advice - do not do the installation yourself, let specialists do it.
- If you decide to organize ventilation at home with your own hands, then it is better to choose wall-mounted duct units or a mini monoblock cabinet.
A properly organized air exchange system in the house ensures:
- oxygen supply;
- removal of unpleasant odors;
- protecting rooms from fungus, dampness and mold;
- optimal sanitary and comfortable living conditions;
- nominal operation of boiler equipment;
- stable draft of wood-burning fireplaces.
The cost of installation of ventilation systems for a private house
| No. | Name of works | Unit measurements | Cost, rub/unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Installation of galvanized steel air ducts | m2 | 450,00 |
| 2 | Insulation with self-adhesive material up to 5mm thick | m2 | 135,00 |
| 3 | Insulation with self-adhesive material up to 10mm thick | m2 | 150,00 |
| 4 | Insulation with basalt-based material with a thickness of 25 mm or more | m2 | from 350 |
| 5 | Flexible air ducts up to f254 | m.p | 140,00 |
| 6 | Flexible air ducts f254-f400 | m.p | 170,00 |
| 7 | Flexible air ducts insulation. up to f254 | m.p | 150,00 |
| 8 | Flexible insulated air ducts F254-400 | m.p | 180,00 |
| 9 | Ceiling diffusers "Armstrong" type | PC. | 500,00 |
| 10 | Diffusers in gypsum board ceiling | PC. | 550,00 |
| 11 | Grilles 4APN 600x600 Armstrong + adapter | PC. | 850,00 |
| 12 | Grids 4APN 600x600 gypsum + adapter | PC. | 950,00 |
| 13 | Other types of gratings | PC. | from 500 |
| 14 | Throttle valve P<800 | PC. | 400-700 |
| 15 | Throttle valve 800 | PC. |
800-1450
|
|
| 16 | Throttle valve P>2000 | PC. | from 1800 |
| 17 | Valve DU, PD | PC. | from 1200 |
| 18 | Duct fan | m3 area | 2.5*L, m3/h |
| 19 | General industrial radial fan | PC. | from 6000 |
| 20 | General industrial roof fan | PC. | from 5000 |
| 21 | Central frame-panel, monoblock supply, supply and exhaust, exhaust units | installation | from 10% of installation cost |
| 22 | Plate silencer | PC. | from 1200 |
| 23 | Water or electric heater | PC. | from 1500 |
| 24 | Freon or water cooler | PC. | from 2000 |
| 25 | Plate recuperator | PC. | from 4800 |
| 26 | Rotary recuperator | PC. | from 6000 |
| 27 | Glycol recuperator | PC. | from 8000 |
| 28 | Channel air filter with filter material | set | from 800 |
| 29 | Filtration units and installations | set | depending on composition and type |
| 30 | Adiabatic humidification section | PC. | from 6000 |
| 31 | Water heater/cooler piping assembly | set | 6000,00 |
| 32 | Water heater/cooler piping assembly | set | from 25 000 |
| 33 | Installation of a steam generator complete with steam distribution pipe, steam pipe, sensors | set | from 14000 |
| 34 | Installation of automation (automation panel, sensors, switching) | set | from 20000 |
| 35 | Corrugated wire laying | m.p. | from 80 |
| 36 | Galvanized electrical tray gasket for automation system | m.p. | 350,00 |
| 37 | Commissioning works, Certification of ventilation systems, As-built documentation | conventional | 5-15% of the estimated cost of the Object according to the section |
All prices listed below are basic for Properties located in Moscow and Moscow Region.
The cost of work does not include rigging work.
The cost of work does not take into account increasing factors for work on weekends and holidays, as well as night work.
Prices for other types of work are subject to additional agreement.
A flexible system of discounts is provided depending on the scope of work.
The ventilation system in a private house is of three types:
- Natural (gravity). In this option, ventilation is carried out due to the influx of fresh air through its infiltration through leaks in window and door openings, special valves or simply open openings, and air removal (exhaust) occurs through natural ventilation ducts of the building design.
- Mechanical (forced). In this case, various exhaust and supply units are used, which make it possible to pre-prepare and move air over significant distances, and also serve a large number of rooms in the house at the same time.
- Combined. Such systems combine natural and mechanical ventilation.
Features of the arrangement and principle of operation of natural ventilation of a country house
The operating principle of natural ventilation is based on the generation of a lifting force in the ventilation shaft due to the difference in temperature inside and outside the room, as well as the difference in pressure.
How it works?
The temperature in the house is higher than outside, so the air in the rooms has a lower density, which creates a lifting force, it rises through the ventilation duct and goes outside. At the same time, a vacuum occurs in the room, which helps to draw in fresh air from the street through leaks in window and door openings, special valves or simply open openings. The air coming from the street has a higher density and lower temperature, due to which it is located below, and under its influence, light and warm air is forced out of the rooms.
The wind accelerates air flows, and with an increase in the difference in wind speed and temperature outside and inside the house, draft improves, as a result, the supply of fresh air into the house increases. If previously the places where it entered were leaks in doors and windows, modern window and door systems are practically airtight, so to organize natural air exchange in the house it is necessary either to install special valves (air infiltration valve), which are mounted in the walls and windows of the building, or to open the windows slightly.
Natural ventilation in the house has the following advantages:
- Quiet operation.
- No accidents. This ventilation does not depend on electricity supply and does not require regular maintenance.
- Economical. The movement of air masses is carried out without the use of additional equipment.
- Possibility of combination with air conditioning systems.
Disadvantages of natural ventilation at home:
- Dependence of draft on air temperature inside and outside the room. In summer, natural traction is practically ineffective.
- It is required to comply with the rules for organizing ventilation shafts.
- Extraneous noise from the street when windows are opened.
- Entry of untreated fresh air into the room (dust, etc.).
- The volume of air removed through the ventilation duct is insignificant.
Features and types of forced ventilation
Mechanical ventilation (or, as it is also called, forced ventilation) is an “artificial” system in which air exchange is carried out through the use of mechanical equipment - fans. It is used in private homes where natural ventilation is not effective or is not provided for in the construction at all, there is a swimming pool, a built-in garage, or there are increased requirements for the microclimate.
Advantages of this type of ventilation:
- stable operation regardless of weather conditions;
- possibility of preparing the supplied air to the room: filtration, disinfection, heating, cooling, humidification;
- ensuring stable draft of wood-burning fireplaces;
- the ability to maintain the required temperature and humidity in the house;
- removal of excess moisture in “wet” rooms - baths, showers, swimming pools.
There are two types of mechanical ventilation in the house:
- without heat recovery;
- with heat recovery, when the thermal energy of the exhaust air is used.
The second type of ventilation is the most modern and energy efficient. However, it is also the most expensive of all types.
Forced ventilation
Supply ventilation in a private house can be organized in natural (through open door and window openings) and mechanical (using air supply units) methods.
Supply mechanical ventilation consists of a direct supply unit, a network of air ducts (if necessary) through which air is distributed throughout the premises, and air distribution devices (grills, diffusers) through which air is supplied to the premises. The air handling unit includes (depending on the configuration):
- valve with external air drive;
- filtration section (there may be several of them in one installation);
- heating and cooling section;
- fan section;
- humidification section;
- noise reduction section.
Supply ventilation systems may vary:
- type:
- channel, in which air exchange is carried out through channels and air ducts;
- ductless, where the flow is supplied directly to the premises through holes in the walls.
- according to the method of equipment installation:
- monoblock - all components are assembled in one compact case;
- typesetting - consist of individual devices that are connected to each other.
Supply ventilation units have the following advantages:
- the ability to regulate the volume, temperature and humidity of the supplied air;
- the ability to filter and disinfect air to the required “purity”;
- the ability to move prepared air over long distances to all rooms of the house.
Exhaust ventilation
Exhaust ventilation in a private house is organized naturally, mechanically (with the help of fans) or both at the same time. When using a mechanical exhaust system, clean air enters the rooms through doors, windows, special valves, grilles, and exhaust air is removed outside through exhaust fans.
Exhaust mechanical ventilation can consist of either just one fan or a network of air ducts through which air moves, as well as air intake devices (grills, diffusers) through which air is removed from the premises.
The exhaust unit includes (depending on the configuration):
- valve with external air drive or check valve;
- fan section;
- noise reduction section.
Wall-mounted household exhaust fans are also used.
Advantages of mechanical exhaust ventilation:
- performance does not depend on weather conditions;
- the ability to move air over long distances;
- ability to regulate performance from 0 to 100%.
Ventilation using supply and exhaust systems
Modern supply and exhaust ventilation systems at home combine two functions at once - providing air supply and removing air. In such systems, air is supplied and removed through air ducts. Air distribution and air intake devices - grilles and diffusers - are located directly in the premises.
The most common are monoblock air handling units. They are small in size and have a low noise level. As a rule, such installations have a built-in automation system and remote wall-mounted control panels, which are small in size and can be placed in any convenient place. The model range and equipment of air handling units for a private home are different and allow us to satisfy the desires of the most demanding customers.
The main elements of supply and exhaust ventilation systems are:
- Grille or diffuser indoors. These are the final elements of the system, designed for proper air distribution.
- Air ducts. They are designed to supply and remove air. Air ducts form highways from shaped products and pipes; they differ in cross-sectional area, shape (rectangular, round) and the material from which they are made.
- External grilles for air intake and exhaust. Through these elements, air from the street enters the supply channel or is removed outside. They are aimed at protecting the system from rodents, birds, foreign objects and precipitation.
- Air valve. This is an element of the ventilation unit that prevents air from entering the system while it is in off mode. It can be equipped with electric heating, which prevents freezing of the sashes.
- Filters. The use of filters is aimed at protecting ventilated rooms and the system itself from dust, various insects and other small objects. There are filters with several cleaning classes. Regular cleaning and replacement of filters is recommended.
- Heater. The device heats the air supplied to the house. It can be either electric or water.
- Cooler. The device cools the air supplied to the house. It can be freon or water.
- Fan. It provides the necessary pressure for supplying and removing air from the system, as well as the required air flow. The fan can be mounted directly in the unit housing, in the air duct, on a special support or on the roof of the building. Fans are available in standard and soundproof versions.
- Humidifier. The device provides the specified air humidity. There are adiabatic, isothermal and ultrasonic humidifiers.
- Silencers. These elements prevent sounds from operating appliances from spreading through the air duct system. When air enters them, it passes through special barriers, as a result of which its intensity decreases.
- Control system. It can be automatic (operation is controlled by remote control) or mechanical (switch). Its main elements are the control unit, primary measuring instruments and actuators.
An improved air handling unit is called a recovery system. It provides effective air exchange in the house without loss of heat and cold. This design is equipped with a recuperator, which allows you to reduce the cost of heating, cooling and humidifying the air supplied to the premises by using (recovering) the heat, cold and humidity of the removed air.
Ventilation of house premises with gas equipment
If your country house has gas equipment, then increased requirements must be placed on creating air circulation in the rooms. Impaired traction can cause poisoning from combustion products. If combustion products enter a room, they can cause a deterioration in the person’s well-being, including loss of consciousness or complete cessation of breathing. For this reason, air circulation in a room with a heating device that runs on natural gas must be organized in accordance with the following technical requirements:
- Combustion products must enter the chimney from different levels (from a distance of more than 50 cm). With a single-level feed, a cut of the same height is installed in the channel.
- There are no more than two gas devices per chimney.
- The ventilation system must be sealed to prevent carbon monoxide or soot from leaking into the rooms. The processing of seams and joints is carried out using a material that is resistant to high temperatures.
- Elements of the air exchange system must be thermally insulated to prevent fire.
- Air flow must be ensured for normal combustion and removal of combustion products.
Advantages of cooperation with OVeKon-Engineering LLC
LLC "OVeKon-Engineering" has been developing and installing climate control equipment for more than 11 years. Our company’s specialists are competent and qualified professionals who provide ventilation installation services in a private home based on all modern technological and ergonomic requirements. We use only high-quality professional equipment, which helps us solve problems of any degree of complexity.
We offer you a comprehensive installation of ventilation systems to improve the microclimate, which includes:
- selection of equipment and all necessary materials;
- dismantling and installation of ventilation systems;
- service technical warranty and post-warranty maintenance;
- disinfection and cleaning of ventilation systems.
They choose us because we have the following advantages:
- Work experience. Operating in the professional climate market since 2005.
- Innovation. Use of modern developments in the field of energy efficiency and alternative energy sources.
- Technical equipment. The use of advanced CAD tools, imported equipment and tools, thanks to which high quality is achieved in the shortest possible time.
- Production . Own production and warehouse base.
- Guarantee. Carrying out work on the basis of certificates of membership in self-regulatory organizations.
- Extensive geography. We work in all regions of Russia.
- Together from “A” to “Z”. We provide comprehensive ventilation installation services: from design to service.
OVeKon-Engineering LLC has a long-term and successful partnership with many trusted suppliers and manufacturers of climate control equipment, and also has its own production facilities for the production of air ducts, shaped and network elements. That is why ventilation installation in a private house is carried out by our company’s specialists in the shortest possible time, at affordable prices and always with high quality.
A properly installed ventilation system is the key to comfortable living in a home. Fresh air, optimal humidity and the absence of unpleasant odors are its main tasks. Today we will talk about how to install the system yourself. , a diagram that is optimally suited for each room, and recommendations from professionals - all this is in our material.
Read in the article:
Why are ventilation systems needed in a private home?
For those who still doubt whether installing ventilation in a private house is necessary, we will give a simple example. Breathable air contains about 60 percent oxygen. The remaining 40 are gases that either have no effect on the body or cause harm to it. Our body consumes oxygen from the air and returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
In addition, in a room with insufficient air circulation, harmful bacteria and viruses actively multiply.
Many parents, who wrap up their children too zealously and close all the windows and vents, cannot understand why their child, nevertheless, is constantly sick. The answer is simple - in the stuffy atmosphere of a sealed room, pathogenic organisms feel excellent and successfully attack their prey. They take as their allies the smallest particles of dust, which freely enter the tissues of the lungs and nasopharynx and settle there, causing a cough and a constant runny nose.
Sometimes diseases take a chronic form. But installing ventilation in a private home will help solve all these problems, and the entire structure will cost much less than a full set of medications for treating family members.
In addition to harm to humans, the tightness of premises also causes damage to the structure itself. The lack of normal air exchange leads to the growth of mold and mildew, the destruction of all natural finishing materials and walls. Excessive moisture affects the plaster, which cracks and peels off from the base. Ventilation projects for private houses provide for the specific purpose of each room and create the necessary microclimate in the bathroom, kitchen, boiler room and living rooms.
Types of ventilation systems
According to the basic principle of operation, ventilation systems can be divided into three types:
| View | Description |
|---|---|
| Active | This system works using electrical appliances - fans. The flow of air flows is carried out naturally through channels protected from dust, insects and rodents. The waste streams are removed by exhaust fans. All ventilation ducts are combined into one common pipe. This design is not difficult to install, but does require energy costs. |
| Passive | This version of the ventilation system does not need to be connected to the mains and works due to the natural movement of air flow. Such a system will require the installation of several ventilation ducts in each room of the building. |
| Supply and exhaust | A system that combines the advantages of natural and active ventilation. The incoming air duct is equipped with a filter and a fan that draws in air from the street, and the outgoing air duct is equipped with an exhaust device. This is an economical system; it is enough to install one such device in a room. |
Let's take a closer look at the design principles of each of these systems.
Natural ventilation device in a private house
Installing natural ventilation in a private house with your own hands should be considered at the stage of designing the house. During the construction of walls, ventilation shafts are laid or pipes are fixed if the house is not made of brick. The system works effectively due to the difference in air pressure and temperature inside and outside the building. Advantages and disadvantages of the system:
For natural air exchange, the diameter of the air duct must be at least 13 centimeters. The installation holes are located under the ceiling.
An approximate diagram of natural ventilation in a private house:
The optimal option is one in which a common air duct is located inside the central wall, to which ventilation ducts from all rooms are connected.
Ask a specialist“The fewer horizontal bends in the system, the more efficient it works.”
Another important point is that the exhaust pipe must be sufficiently insulated. If it is made of brick, then the recommended thickness of the masonry is two and a half bricks. Metal and plastic hoods are insulated with mineral wool. This is necessary so that on frosty days the air duct does not cool down and continues to operate effectively.
The height of the ventilation duct is selected relative to the height of the ridge. To determine the dimensions of the pipe, you need to draw a horizontal line from the ridge, and then another straight line with a rise of 10 degrees. The top point will be the desired value.
Important! The natural ventilation channel for a fireplace or gas boiler must be larger than usual, at least 13 by 26 centimeters. Its masonry is made as airtight as possible.
Features of forced ventilation in a private house
Equipment for forced air exchange is in most cases located in the attic. But there are cases when forced ventilation is installed in the basement of a private house. Usually one powerful device is installed, which will provide exhaust throughout the entire system or be placed in each air duct. In this case, the influx of fresh atmosphere is carried out through windows and vents.
Advice! If doorways in rooms are equipped with baseboards, they should have grilles for unimpeded air penetration.
The system requires installation of additional equipment:
- protective grilles and nets against insects and rodents;
- filters that trap dust, pollen and other allergens;
- cold air flow control valves;
- exhaust fans;
- material that absorbs vibration and sounds;
- air heaters (work in winter);
- air ducts;
- automation units for system control.
To obtain the desired effect, you should choose a forced air exchange system that is most suitable for your home. Here are some possible options:
| System | Description |
|---|---|
| Combined system | Combines natural and forced air supply. Does not require special maintenance and is easy to install. |
| Forced supply with cooling effect | Installed complete with air conditioner. It is quite expensive and requires regular maintenance. |
| Forced with heated air flow | The system components include recuperators. They use the heat of outgoing flows to warm up incoming air masses. Recuperators are not cheap devices, but they can be assembled with your own hands. |
| Recirculation system | Requires the installation of complex devices that mix outgoing exhaust air flows with the street atmosphere and return them to the house. Installation of such a device should only be carried out by qualified personnel. |
Expert opinion
HVAC design engineer (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) ASP North-West LLC
Ask a specialist“A large general ventilation unit should be located as far as possible from living rooms. Even very good insulation will not make it silent.”
The main requirement for arranging forced ventilation: air masses must move from residential premises (rooms) to non-residential premises (kitchen, bathroom).
Types of systems and their schemes
It is not easy to draw up a diagram of a ventilation system in a private house. This task requires special knowledge and understanding of the correct placement of air ducts, heat exchangers and fans. The efficiency of air exchange depends on the correct layout.
Ask a specialist“If you do not have experience in designing such systems, entrust this task to professionals. You can carry out the installation on your own, but only a specialist can plan everything correctly.”
Basic rules to follow:
- in the chain of ventilation ducts, non-residential premises should be the last;
- the exhaust pipe must be higher than the roof ridge;
- the dimensions of the air ducts are calculated using special formulas;
- Air ducts must be carefully warmed and soundproofed, otherwise the wind will howl in the house.
Supply ventilation in a private house: operating principle and diagram
The supply air exchange system includes several components: an air duct, fittings and the supply chamber itself. The dimensions of the device are relatively small, and such ventilation will not spoil the external and internal appearance of the house.
Important aspect! Incoming air flows must have a temperature of at least 18 degrees. Such an air flow will not disturb the comfortable atmosphere in the room and will not cause colds or drafts. In the case of forced air supply, elements must be built into the system to heat it to the required temperature. Previously, such devices were installed, but in modern construction they have been replaced by recuperators. The principle of their operation is the heat exchange between incoming and outgoing flows through a system of filters and plates.
In a private house, the forced ventilation system has its own characteristics. Usually in a country house there are many household premises with special functions. Unlike a city apartment, it contains a boiler room, a basement, a residential attic, a swimming pool or bathhouse and other objects necessary for the owners. These rooms have different humidity and temperatures, and combining them with one air exchange system is not easy.
It is for this reason that special requirements are put forward in the house:
- It must be powerful enough to serve the entire house.
- An extensive system must provide for the characteristics of different rooms.
- The home owner must have the ability to remotely or manually control air exchange.
- The design must take into account seasonal temperature changes and heat the house in winter and cool in summer.
Related article:
In the article we will consider in detail the types of structures, the principle of operation, how to choose a place for installation, how to properly install the device with your own hands, useful tips and recommendations from specialists.
Principles of exhaust ventilation in a private home and video instructions for installing the hood
Hoods are used to remove exhaust air. It is especially important to install them in rooms where odors actively spread and an unhealthy atmosphere reigns - in the kitchen, in the boiler room, in the bathroom. To forcefully eliminate air masses, you will need a fairly powerful fan and an exhaust hood directed toward the street.
One hood can be installed on a maximum of two heating devices, but representatives of regulatory authorities have the right to require you to install separate chimneys for each device. It is better to do just that, because we are talking about your safety.
Important! If exhaust ventilation through the walls to the street is installed in the boiler room, it must have a sealed air duct so that combustion products do not penetrate into other ducts and rooms. All seams and joints are additionally treated with sealant. In places where the chimney comes into contact with the roofing material, fire-resistant gaskets are installed to prevent fire.
For forced ventilation of the chimney, a fan with a check valve and a fire-resistant asbestos-cement pipe are used. It is acceptable to use metal pipes.
Important! Under no circumstances should plastic pipes be used for exhaust hood in a boiler room or kitchen; they are not heat-resistant and burn easily, releasing toxic fumes.
Nuances of supply and exhaust ventilation in a private house
It is believed that this principle of organizing air exchange is the most productive. Removal of used air masses and injection of new ones occurs simultaneously.
There are two schemes for supply and exhaust ventilation. In the first case, two air ducts are simply installed in the room under the ceiling. Air enters through one hole, and out through another. Both processes occur with the help of fans. In the second case, the supply flow is located at the bottom of the wall. The fan blows in fresh air, and the exhaust air is removed through the air duct by the ceiling naturally. This system works especially effectively in houses with unusually high ceilings.
We focus on each room - what is needed for ventilation?
As already mentioned, in a private house there are many rooms with different purposes. Their features should be taken into account when planning the ventilation system. Let's take a closer look at each case.
Ventilation in a private house in the kitchen: the main thing is the hood
The kitchen is a hot shop, in which there is always a lot of steam, heat, smoke and odors. If you are preparing a festive dinner for guests or the oven is running at full power, you literally can’t breathe.
Advice! You shouldn’t limit yourself to just a kitchen hood in a private home. It must be combined with a general ventilation system. This will prevent food odors from entering other rooms.
Setting up ventilation in the kitchen is not difficult. Here are some recommendations from practitioners:
- It is better to select the hood body from aluminum.
- The filters in the device above the stove must be cleaned at least two to three times a year.
- It is best to choose a device with adjustable fan speed. This will allow you to use different methods of air purification depending on its pollution.
- You should periodically check the efficiency of the ventilation duct using a burning match or piece of paper. If the flame draws in or paper sticks to the grill, the ventilation is working properly.
- For large kitchens with an area of more than 15 square meters, several exhaust ducts are provided.
Video instructions on how to properly install a hood over the stove:
Installation of ventilation in the toilet and bathroom
The atmosphere of the bathroom and toilet is saturated with bacteria and microbes, which, accumulating in a small space, attack not only the human body, but also finishing materials. After taking a bath, the walls remain damp for a long time, and in the absence of a high-quality exhaust hood, the smell in the toilet is unbearable.
To install bathroom ventilation you will need:
- ventilation shaft that goes to the roof. The ventilation duct must be straight and even; only this shape will allow air flow to move unhindered. Its optimal dimensions are from one to two meters;
- external grille with inclined louvres, which protects the channel from atmospheric moisture;
- internal grille with adjustable flap.
For your information! In the bathroom you can install a natural and forced ventilation system. Forced, of course, is more effective.
Important points in installing ventilation in the toilet of a private house:
- For installation, low-noise devices with a maximum value of 30 decibels are used.
- The ventilation duct is placed opposite the front door. This ensures maximum draft and proper distribution of fresh air.
- All duct equipment is placed at a safe distance from heating devices. Ventilation materials cannot withstand temperatures above fifty degrees, unless it is a specialized device for baths and saunas.
- The power of the ventilation device is selected depending on the intensity of use and the size of the room.
- In the bathroom, it is justified to install motion and air humidity sensors and timers on the fans.
Advice! Before designing an air exchange system in a bathroom, read the requirements of SNiP 01/41/2003. This document describes all the requirements for ventilation in a bathroom in a private house.
Ventilation in the basement of a private house: important points
All owners of country houses are interested in the question: how to make ventilation in the basement of a private house? A workshop, laundry room, and boiler room can be located in the basement of a country house. In the basement, many housewives store homemade canned food and vegetables for the winter.
Dampness provokes the development of mold and destruction of the walls of the basement and basement. In order to create a normal atmosphere in the basement, it is necessary to provide vents or vents even at the stage of pouring the foundation of the house. They are located on opposite sides of the base. If there are partitions inside the basement space, there should be vents in them too. The vents are located under the ceiling of the basement, at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from the ground level and must be equipped with rodent bars, otherwise your winter supplies will not be preserved until serving.
For your information! Another real threat to the basement is an explosion of heating equipment if the boiler room is located in this room. Only high-quality ventilation will prevent the accumulation of dangerous gases in the event of an emergency and prevent the fire from spreading throughout the entire house.
The area of the vents can be easily calculated by dividing the area of the basement by 400. The recommended diameter of one hole is 12 centimeters. And it is worth remembering that the effectiveness of their work will directly depend on the prevailing winds on the site, so they should be positioned accordingly. Among other things, when planning vents, one should take into account the characteristics of groundwater, seasonal temperature changes and the amount of precipitation.
Important! To prevent water from pouring into the vents during a rainstorm, install canopies on them and make an inclined blind area that removes moisture from the foundation.
Important information about boiler room ventilation
The main tasks of ventilation for a gas boiler in a private house:
- regulation of carbon monoxide levels. Even if its percentage exceeds 0.2%, this threatens with serious consequences for the human body, including respiratory arrest;
- preventing the occurrence of reverse draft, in which combustion products enter the room;
- providing the room with the oxygen necessary for breathing. In addition, oxygen is also important for the operation of the boiler, because it is in its presence that combustion processes are possible.
An object with a high level of fire risk must be equipped only with a forced air exchange system. Natural ventilation is not suitable here due to its low efficiency.
In order for the heating device to operate normally, the atmosphere in the room needs to be changed three times per hour. Each chimney is equipped with two openings. The upper one is intended for removing gases, the lower one is for periodic cleaning of soot and soot.
Ask a specialist“Before installing the ventilation duct, study the boiler data sheet. It specifies all the requirements for chimney installation. Calculate the boiler room ventilation taking into account all the recommendations.”
All chimney elements are made of fire-resistant materials. To increase the efficiency of the device, a coaxial chimney with two air ducts is installed on floor-standing boilers.
Proper organization of air ducts in the attic
Unobstructed air exchange will prevent the formation of condensation under the roof. This will extend its service life and save you from the need for constant repairs. In winter, the roof will not be covered with ice, and in summer, good ventilation will prevent it from overheating from the sun's rays.
To properly organize attic ventilation in a private home, use perforated soffits. They look neat and decorative, and in addition, they do not allow insects to pass through. In addition to these elements, roof aerators and ventilated ridges are used.
Advice! If soft roofing material is used for the covering, small gaps are made in the counter-lattice to allow air to penetrate.
In the most difficult areas of the roof with a complex geometric shape, point aeration devices are used.
Some tips from roofing professionals:
- attic ventilation should be protected from dust; it quickly absorbs moisture and adversely affects the insulation of the roof;
- all attic vents must be equipped with protection against birds, insects and fallen leaves;
- ventilation ducts must have the same size along their entire length. Any restriction will adversely affect the efficiency of the system;
- When the roof length is over 10 meters, it is recommended to use forced ventilation of the space under the roof.
How to make ventilation ducts for sewers and cesspools
Many people believe that the main task of cesspool ventilation in a private house is simply to eliminate unpleasant odors. This is only partly true. Proper air exchange promotes rapid decomposition of waste and reduces pressure in the local sewerage pipeline. Excess methane, a product of organic matter decomposition, can lead to fire.
To remove exhaust gases, high risers are installed in the right place. They are installed not only in the country toilet, but also in an autonomous waste processing system - in septic tanks and closed tanks.
Important! The height of the sewer ventilation riser should exceed the height of the roof by at least 70 centimeters, and the riser itself should not be located near windows.
If it is not possible to install a riser above the roof, use ventilation valves that open as the atmosphere becomes thinner. The ventilation duct for sewerage can be made of plastic; ordinary sewer pipes are suitable for this.
Air exchange in the basement and foundation
We have already talked about how to improve air exchange in the basement. But what about foundation ventilation in a private house without a basement? In fact, in this case it is necessary to ensure normal air exchange. It will protect floor joists from rot and prevent the accumulation of harmful gases and dampness under the floor.
To ventilate the basement floor of a private house, the same vents with protective grilles are used. They are laid at the time of pouring the foundation on opposite sides. For this purpose, asbestos-cement or plastic pipes are used. At the time of pouring, they are filled with sand so that they do not deform and the solution does not get inside.
How to ventilate a pool
A swimming pool is a special room in which there will be high humidity and temperature. These conditions dictate special requirements for ventilation of a swimming pool in a private home. Only properly organized air exchange will prevent the growth of fungus, which will like the climate of this room. If its growth is not stopped, the spores will cause severe allergic reactions among home owners, and all finishing materials will be destroyed literally before our eyes.
For your information! Favorable air temperature in the pool is 28-32 degrees Celsius. Permissible humidity is 64 percent.
There should be no draft in the room with the pool; this is important for a comfortable stay in it. A swimming pool is one of the most difficult areas to design. For this reason, it is better to entrust the development of a ventilation scheme to specialists.
How to make ventilation in a private house: calculations and step-by-step installation
To calculate ventilation in private houses, you will need some basic values. These are the parameters of each room, its purpose and performance standards for natural and forced air exchange.
Ventilation ducts for passive air exchange are located vertically and go from each room to the roof. In a living space, the atmosphere must be completely renewed every hour.
Ask a specialist“To calculate forced ventilation, you will need to sum up the required air exchange rates for each room, taking into account its area, and based on the resulting amount, select equipment that will cope with this task.”
For example: a house has three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a boiler room. We calculate the productivity for each room in accordance with its purpose and area:
- kitchen -90 cubic meters per hour;
- bathroom – 50 cubic meters per hour;
- boiler room - 70 cubic meters per hour;
- children's room - 40 cubic meters per hour;
- living room - 120 cubic meters per hour;
- bedroom - 60 cubic meters per hour.
Total - 430 cubic meters per hour for the whole house. Therefore, for the successful operation of the ventilation system, an installation capable of handling such a volume of air will be required. You can install one unit or divide the power according to the needs of each room and install the units separately.
An example of how to properly make ventilation in a private house in the following video:
Before deciding how to make a hood in a private house, read the standards SNiP 02/31/2001 and ABOK 2/1/2008. They suggest using it to calculate the air exchange rate. The indicators in these documents differ somewhat, so for independent calculations it is better to choose a larger value.
Features of do-it-yourself ventilation schemes in a private house, depending on the specifics of the building design
- If the air exchange system is combined into one, the design of the ventilation system in a private house should provide for the movement of air from “clean” rooms to “dirty” ones. That is, from living rooms to the bathroom, boiler room and kitchen.
- Supply valves are placed in every room where there is no hood.
- If the building has two or more floors, ventilation ducts are placed according to the basic principles.
- Natural ventilation through vents is provided for the basement, basement, and foundation.
- Passive ventilation exhaust ducts are located strictly vertically.
- For uniform draft, the exhaust channels must be of the same length without narrowing or widening.
To minimize heat loss, ventilation shafts are carefully insulated, especially in places where they open onto the street.
Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in the house
Some difficulties may arise during the work. The main problem is the weight of the equipment for forced ventilation. Sometimes one craftsman is not able to lift and install the unit. That is why take care in advance of an assistant and a lifting mechanism that will make the task easier. You can assemble the unit step by step. The structural units are assembled on the ground and installed sequentially according to the diagram. Do-it-yourself supply and exhaust ventilation is installed using some special equipment.
In a frame house the task is greatly simplified. Installing fresh air ventilation with your own hands will only require the use of a stepladder, drill and jigsaw.
Features of installation work
If ventilation in a private house passes through brick walls, it is better to install ventilation ducts during the construction process, so as not to have to deal with labor-intensive and expensive drilling later. Use templates made of cardboard or wood during the laying process so that all air ducts have the same cross-section. Lay out the inside of the air duct with solid bricks, carefully sealing all joints.
To bring the ventilation outlet to the roof of a private house, you can use asbestos-cement pipes. They are connected to the ventilation duct in the wall and carefully secured, cementing the entire structure.
Important! Make sure that the cross-section at the joints of the ventilation duct does not change. To do this, remove excess solution and make sure that the inner surface of the air duct is smooth.
And, of course, do not forget about your own safety while working:
- do not work on the roof in icy or rainy weather;
- if the roof slope is more than 20 degrees, use insurance;
- when drilling walls, use a hidden wiring sensor;
- When using a jigsaw or drill, use protective glasses and gloves.
How to choose pipes for ventilation
When choosing pipes, the following basic requirements should be taken into account:
- section size;
- heat resistance;
- tightness;
- compliance with sanitary standards.
Round pipes are an easily available material with good aerodynamics. Most often, ventilation in a private house is made from sewer pipes. Air ducts with a square and rectangular cross-section are more difficult to find, but you can make them yourself from a stainless steel sheet. It is easier to install such pipes for ventilation in private houses in right angles and under the ceiling.
Now about the pipe material. Galvanized steel air ducts are resistant to corrosion and temperature changes. Stainless steel is suitable for hoods in “hot” rooms – boiler rooms and kitchens. A plastic vent hood is the cheapest option and is ideal for wet areas.
Article
Air exchange is ensured by draft in the exhaust air duct system. They start in rooms (usually in the kitchen and bathroom, in the dirtiest rooms in the house). Then the air ducts go up to the attic and from there to the roof.
Air draft is created in these ventilation ducts. Due to this, the exhaust air from the house goes outside. And to replace it, fresh air enters the house - through windows, doors, leaks in the walls and double-glazed windows.
Air moves through exhaust ducts due to two simple laws of physics:
- Warm air tends to rise
- Air tends to where the pressure is lower
Factors that influence the draft force in air ducts:
- Temperature difference between exhaust and street air
In winter, the draft is stronger because warm room air tends to rise through the exhaust ducts. In summer there is no temperature difference, there is zero draft - and air exchange practically stops. - Vertical distance between room and roof
At the top, the pressure is lower than at the surface of the earth. Therefore, the higher the exhaust duct ends, the greater the pressure drop. Which means the traction is stronger. - Wind speed and direction
Wind occurs when atmospheric pressure is distributed unevenly. If there is a zone of high pressure near the windows, and at the exit from the exhaust pipe there is a zone of low pressure, then the air will easily enter the house and easily go out.
We cannot control the wind, pressure, or temperature outside the window. This is the main disadvantage of natural ventilation - dependence on weather conditions.
But there are a few tricks that will help you properly create natural ventilation in a private home with your own hands. Some of them can be used only at the design stage, others - even in a completed house with a complete renovation.