In the lesson, students will get acquainted with the content and problems of the story of E.I. Nosova "Doll", will touch upon the moral issues of caring attitude in the surrounding world, responsibility for actions in front of oneself, other people and nature.
Topic: From the literature of the XX century
Lesson: Story by E.I. Nosova "Doll"
What will you teach, what beauty,
what good if you are blind, your soul is deaf!
E. Nosov "Doll".
The story of E.I. Nosova (Fig. 1) "Doll" tells about the problems that are important for any region, district, school. The indifference of people to each other, to things, cruelty to nature, unfortunately, are not decreasing, but, on the contrary, are growing.
The story is narrated in the first person. The action takes place in a village located on the banks of the picturesque Seim River. Once upon a time the narrator happened to be in these places, which were famous for notable fishing. And now the author comes here again. He is horrified by the changes in nature that have taken place over the course of several years.
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River in the old days |
River in a few years |
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“Just right opposite the ancient headless mound, over which kites always soared on sultry days, there was one cherished pit. At this point, the river, leaning against the indestructible Devonian clay, makes a turn with such a temper that it begins to twist the entire whirlpool, creating a circular current back. " “... and day and night, scary funnels gurgle and sob, gurgle and sob, which even geese avoid. Well, at night at the whirlpool it is not at all at ease, when suddenly a washed-out shore will crash down loudly, heavily or slash across the water with a flat tail, like a board, a seasoned owner-catfish that has risen from the pit ”. |
“The channel narrowed, hardened, the clean sands on the bends were covered with cocklebur and hard butterbur, many unfamiliar shoals and braids appeared. There are no deep drafts of the swings, where before at the evening dawn cast, bronzed ides were drilled into the river surface ”. “… Where once it was terribly twisting and swirling, a dirty gray shallow, like a large, dead fish, was raised with a hump, and on that shallow - an old gander. He stood that way casually, on one paw, preening, chasing fleas out from under his protruding wing with his beak. And the fool has no idea that until recently there was six or seven meters of black, ebullient depth under him, which he himself, leading the brood, fearfully swam aside. " |
Agree, the change is striking. The powerful, turbulent river turned into a swampy rivulet. What happened? Who is to blame for everything? The reader begins to ask such questions and tries to find the answer in the story.
The main character of the story
This is Akimych, a local carrier. That is, the former, since the river has become shallow. Now Akimych serves as a watchman at a local school. The military past connects them with the author.
Rice. 1. Photo. E.I. Nosov ()
It should be noted here that the writer himself went to the front as an eighteen-year-old boy, fought as part of an anti-tank brigade, was seriously wounded. Later, everything that he experienced, seen, and remembered came to life in his books. In his works, Nosov never directly described military operations.
"The war in the works of Nosov often sounds, albeit fragmentary, fragmentary - now in the memories of the front-line soldiers, now in the circumstances of their life today, as if outside the plot." A similar recollection takes several lines in the story "Doll": the same Belarusian and Polish cities. And even dropped out of the war in the same month. True, we got different hospitals: I ended up in Serpukhov, and he - in Uglich. "
Akimych was seriously wounded: shell-shocked. Concussion or shell shock is a general damage to the body due to exposure to air, water or sound waves. The consequences of concussion are varied - from temporary loss of hearing, vision, speech to severe mental disorders.
So for Akimych, the concussion did not go unnoticed. In moments of intense excitement, stress, he loses the ability to speak. It was at such a moment that the narrator met Akimych. What made the watchman so excited? Akimych could not explain anything, but he led the narrator to the school fence. “There was a doll lying in a dirty roadside ditch. She lay supine, arms and legs outstretched. A large and still pretty face, with a faint, barely outlined smile on her swollen, childish lips. But the silky blond hair on the head was burnt in places, the eyes were squeezed out, and a hole was gaping in the place of the nose, which must have been burned by a cigarette. "
The picture is really terrible, especially because we understand that this is not just a doll accidentally broken by a child. She was deliberately mutilated and was no longer children.
As you read the story, you experience feelings of fear and pity. After all, a doll is so similar to a person that we begin to understand: if someone mutilated a doll in this way, then he will also mercilessly treat a person.
You can find many examples of the fact that a doll for us is identification with a person. In your textbooks on literature, you can find the poem "Doll" by K. Sluchevsky.
The child threw the doll. The doll quickly fell off
She hit the ground deafly and fell on her back ...
Poor doll! You lay so still
With her mournful figure, she broke so obediently,
She spread her arms, closed her clear eyes ...
You, doll, looked like a man!
Together with Akimych we share his indignation, pain, despair: “It seems like you understand: a doll. Yes, because the appearance is human. Some will be done in such a way that you cannot distinguish from a living child. And cries like a human. And when this likeness is lying torn apart by the road - I cannot see. It pounds me everything. "
Rice. 2. Photo. Doll-amulet ()
Nowadays many people think that playing with dolls is a child's occupation. But many centuries ago, the attitude towards the doll was very serious. Ancient people believed that a doll with a painted face resembles a person, it is alive, therefore, it has a soul. In Russia, dolls were, first of all, amulets, participants in pagan rituals (Fig. 2). Gradually, the doll turned into a simple children's toy, although it remained aesthetically pleasing. The doll, created by the inanimate, through play "comes to life" in the hands of a child who, through play, comprehends life. The child learns to love, care, protect. For him, the doll is alive.
The doll reminded Akimych of his experiences during the war. “I've been looking at human flesh for my whole life,” he admits.
The war taught Akimych to value life and everything connected with it: the beautiful nature, favorite business, human actions. The war ended long ago. And to see the death of a river, a doll, a person, Akimych is unbearable. Most of all, Akimych is outraged that no one around is sounding the alarm: “And people walk by - each on their own business, - and nothing ... Couples walk by, hold hands, talk about love, dream of children. They are taking the kids in strollers - they will not lead an eyebrow. Children run - get used to such sacrilege. Here and there: how many students passed by! In the morning - to school, in the evening - from school. And most importantly - the teachers: they, too, pass by. That's what I don't understand. How so?! What will you teach, what beauty, what kindness, if you are blind, your soul is deaf! ... Eh! ... ".
At the end of the story, Akimych buries the doll like a person. The last phrase leaves us alone with our conscience: “You can't bury everything,” says Akimych bitterly. Indeed, to hide, bury, remove from sight - is this the solution to the problem?
Conclusion. Evgeny Ivanovich Nosov in his story tries to fight not only with cruelty, but also with the indifference of people. Polish writer Bruno Jasenski remarked surprisingly accurately: “Do not be afraid of your enemy, in the worst case he can kill. Do not be afraid of your friend, in the worst case, he can betray. Fear the indifferent, they do not kill and do not betray, but only with their tacit consent do treachery and murder exist on earth ”.
Indifference became the reason not only moral, but also environmental problem, which the author touched upon at the beginning of the story. The writer wanted to remind each of us about the responsibility for everything that is alive on earth.
Bibliography
- Korovina V.Ya. Didactic materials on literature. 7th grade. - 2008.
- Tishchenko O.A. Homework on literature for the 7th grade (to the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina). - 2012.
- Kuteinikova N.E. Literature lessons in grade 7. - 2009.
- Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 1. - 2012.
- Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 2. - 2009.
- Ladygin M.B., Zaitseva O.N. Textbook-reader on literature. 7th grade. - 2012.
- Kurdyumova T.F. Textbook-reader on literature. 7th grade. Part 1. - 2011.
- FEB: Dictionary of literary terms ().
- Dictionaries. Literary terms and concepts ().
- Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language ().
- E.I. Nosov. Biography ().
Homework
- Read the story of E.I. Nosova "Doll". Make a story outline.
- What is the climax of the story?
- You recently wrote an essay on the topic: "Do people need empathy and compassion?" Can Nosov's story "The Doll" be included in the discussion on this topic?
Year of writing: 1959
Genre: story
The story grabbing the soul and squeezing the heart is presented in a summary of the story "Doll" for reader's diary which every child and adult should read periodically.
Plot
The author talks about how he visited his native places and especially the river. Akimych went there with him. He returned home with a concussion, which is why he cannot express all his thoughts correctly and speak evenly. One day the author saw Akimych walking with a shovel, in a strange excitement and fright. The author followed him. They came to a road with a mutilated doll lying on the edge of it. Someone gouged out her eyes, ruined her hair, took off her clothes, there were many burns on her body from cigarettes. This doll reminded Akimych of the horrors of war. Although she is not a person, she has a human appearance, and he cannot understand why there is so much anger and cruelty in children. Akimych buried the doll, like a living person, with the words:
"You can't bury everything."
Conclusion (my opinion)
Evil is not divided into small and large. Whoever commits petty cruelty to inanimate objects will be able to inflict pain and suffering on the living. Parents should teach children kindness, meekness, understanding, and forgiveness. All people on earth are the same - from the same flesh, with similar feelings and aspirations, and you need to look at others with good, and not fight and destroy each other.
Evgeny Nosov - writer, laureate of the State Prize named after I. Gorky. He has many works about the war, his native land. In his story "Doll" he raises the problem of spirituality, mental callousness of people. A summary of Nosov's "Doll" will help the reader to quickly familiarize himself with the work and draw his own conclusions about it.
Akimych
This story has two names - the second is "Akimych". Why? Because it is he who is the main character of the work. A summary of Nosov's "Doll" will acquaint the reader with this person.
The narration is conducted on behalf of Yevgeny Nosov himself. He tells about his comrade in arms, with whom they fought together during the Great Patriotic War... Together with Akimych, he participated in several military operations, including in Belarus and Poland. But one day a friend was wounded.
The contusion did not go unnoticed. Until now, although decades have passed, when he is worried, he loses the gift of speech, turns pale, falls silent and looks with anguish at the interlocutor, while his lips are helplessly pulled out with a tube.
Once they went with Akimych to the bank of the once stormy and full-flowing river. This is where the reader is transported. summary... Nosov's "Doll" begins with a scene at the reservoir. The writer talks about how powerful this river was before. The channel was overgrown with grass and narrowed. Akimych gazed sadly at this sight.
This is the plot invented by E. Nosov "Doll" in his story. A summary will tell you about an unpleasant case.
Doll abuse
Once the author met his friend Akimych. He looked very worried. He pointed to the roadside ditch in which the doll lay. She spread her arms and legs. The face was still pretty. But the eyes were pressed in, and on beautiful hair places of burns were visible. The dress was taken off, and the blue panties were pulled off and the body also had burns, it was stabbed with a burning cigarette.
Akimych took the doll, stroked it and said that this was not the first time. He saw that almost the same ones were lying in the trash heaps, in the trash heaps. A brief summary led the reader to such a sad moment. Nosov's "doll" makes you think about cruel and cynical actions.
Funeral doll
Akimych said that when he sees this, he even beats him. And people walk by indifferently. Families with children pass by, and no one pays attention to the abandoned and mutilated dolls. Akimych is sure that this is from mental callousness and blindness.
The protagonist was not like that. A brief summary tells about this. Nosov's "Doll" teaches the reader to be kind and not indifferent. Akimych took a shovel and marked a place, began to dig a grave. He dug diligently and conscientiously.
The doll was about a meter tall, but a hole main character dug out more. He brought hay, lowered it into the recess, and put the doll on top of it. I also sprinkled it on top with hay. He straightened the martyr's clothes and began to bury her. “You can't bury everything,” said Akimych with pain. Most likely, he meant human indifference, callousness.
The story teaches kindness and compassion.
Writer Nosov E.I. As an eighteen-year-old boy, he went to the front. Went through the whole war. For his services to the Fatherland, he was awarded many government awards.
In the story "Doll", the story is about a former front-line soldier. Akimych - this is the name of the main character, he was wounded in battle and seriously shell-shocked. The consequences of the shell shock periodically affected the behavior of the hero. He, in moments of strong emotional excitement, could lose the power of speech for some time. This happened on the day when Akimych was walking with the narrator, whom he was a friend of.
During a leisurely walk, Akimych accidentally saw a mutilated doll lying in the mud by the side of the road. Broken toys are not unusual; they break periodically. But the doll that Akimych found was not just broken. She was severely mutilated by someone. Someone openly mocked the former once beautiful toy. The heart of the front-line soldier, who had gone through the battles, blood and pain, sank in his chest.
The hero of the story, during the war, saw many human victims. I saw soldiers in the hospital who lost their arms and legs in the war. But those sacrifices and losses were explained by a terrible, brutal war, bringing grief and tears to people. The front-line soldier could not understand how it was possible to disfigure the doll so mercilessly. His whole soul rebelled against this fact. After all, a doll, in fact, a toy, is created in the image and likeness of a person!
Akimych decided to bury the doll as people are buried. He wanted to bury with the hapless doll everything that was unsightly and terrifying that had settled in his soul. He could not understand and accept senseless cruelty. The pity the old man showed for the broken toy gives everyone a reason to think. On the one hand, there is evil expressed in hatred and cruelty. On the other hand, there is boundless indifference. Can a society in which such events take place be considered morally healthy?
The theme of nature is also touched upon in the story. The author describes a dirty river littered with all sorts of rubbish. The reservoir, on the banks of which it is pleasant to sit on a hot day, in which fish and crayfish were previously found, has been turned into a trash heap. This river is also "disfigured" by people. And again - complete indifference on the part of people.
The work leads to painful reflections. Every reasonable person should realize that he brings good or evil with his actions? And can indifference be considered a harmless quality?
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Nowadays, people spend more time on the Internet, from there they learn all the information they need, communicate there and read various funny stories. But there are people who still love books and magazines.
There are so many people in the world who have willpower, strong character and good intentions. There are people who are hard to scare with something. Such people are called strong personalities.
An old man who has gone through the war finds a doll, disfigured and abandoned by children. He is amazed at human cruelty and buries the doll like a living person.
Can you write a more concise content? Write your options in the comments!
Very briefly
The narrator loves to visit near Lipino, located twenty-five miles from his house. There is a large deep pool, to which even geese do not look. Once the narrator meets the old man Akimych, who was fishing there.
Akimych is an elderly man who went through the entire war. In one of the battles he received a shell shock, and since then he could not speak cleanly and correctly express his thoughts. The war left a deep mark not only on the physical, but also on the mental health of a man.
This time the narrator sees Akimych surprisingly excited and agitated. He cannot properly explain the reason for his excitement, but he is in a hurry somewhere with a shovel in his hands. The narrator follows the old man. Akimych silently walks along the road, and after a while points the narrator to the mutilated doll. It becomes clear that the toy fell victim to children who gouged out her eyes, burned her hair, and left burn marks all over her body.
The poor old man could not bear this sight. The horrors of war he experienced pass before his eyes. He does not understand how children can be so cruel, because a doll is practically the same person. The old man silently digs a small hole and buries the doll as if it were alive. He only regrets that he is not able to bury all the evil and cruelty that lurk in people's hearts.