Exactly 100 years ago, the Russian Republic lived its first day in a new style. Due to the transition from the Julian calendar to the more accurate Gregorian, which was adopted in most European countries back in the 17th century, the first 13 days of February 1918 simply dropped out of the calendar, and after January 31, February 14 immediately followed. This not only helped to synchronize the national calendar with the calendars of other countries, but also led to the fact that the day of the Great October Revolution in the Soviet Union, despite the name, began to be celebrated on November 7, Pushkin's birthday - in June, although he was born, as you know, May 26, and in mid-January there was an incomprehensible holiday - Old New Year... At the same time, the Russian Orthodox Church still uses the Julian calendar, therefore, for example, Orthodox and Catholics celebrate Christmas on different days.
On January 26, 1918, a decree was adopted, according to which the young Soviet Russian Republic switched to the Gregorian calendar generally accepted in Europe. This led not only to a shift in dates, but also to some amendments in the definition of leap years. In order to understand where the discrepancy between the two calendars comes from, let us first consider the natural processes that were used in their development.
Astronomy and calendar
The most common calendars are based on the ratio of the times of three cyclical astronomical processes: the rotation of the Earth around its axis, the rotation of the Moon around the Earth, and the rotation of the Earth itself around the Sun. These three processes lead to well noticeable periodic changes on Earth: the change of day and night, the change in the phases of the moon and the alternation of the seasons, respectively. The ratio of the durations of these time intervals is the basis of the overwhelming number of calendars used by mankind. It is clear that there are other astronomical events that are noticeable to humans on Earth, which occur with a convenient regularity (for example, in Ancient Egypt they watched the ascent of Sirius, which had the same annual cycle), but using them to develop a calendar is rather an exception.
Of the three indicated intervals, from an astronomical point of view, the easiest way to deal with the shortest of them - the length of the day. Now, for the period of time, on the basis of which, in particular, calendars are compiled, they take the average solar day - that is, the average period of time during which the Earth rotates around its axis relative to the center of the Sun. Solar days are because the center of the Sun is used as a reference point, and averaging a day per year has to be due to the fact that, due to the ellipticity of the Earth's orbit and its perturbation by other celestial bodies, the rotation period of our planet changes with the course of the year, and the longest and longest short days differ from each other by almost 16 seconds.
A method for determining the duration of solar days, which are calculated by the change in the orientation of the Earth relative to the initial position (1) not by a full rotation of 360 degrees to position (2), but by one revolution relative to the center of the Sun to position (3)
Wikimedia commons
The second time period needed for the calendar is the year. Of several possible options To determine a one-year interval, the calendar uses a seasonal cycle, which can be observed when looking at the position of the Sun in the sky from Earth, the so-called tropical year. It is determined by the change in the ecliptic coordinates of the Sun, and one annual cycle corresponds to a change of 360 degrees in its ecliptic longitude (that is, its longitudinal position on the celestial sphere, measured from the vernal equinox point, in which the plane of rotation of the Earth around the Sun and the equatorial plane of the Earth intersect). At the same time, the length of the year may vary slightly depending on the choice of the starting point, and, as a rule, the vernal equinox point is chosen as the starting position, because for it the error in determining the length of the year is minimal.
The most common solar calendars today (including the Julian and Gregorian) are based on the ratio of the time of the daily and annual period. This ratio, that is, the duration of the tropical year in days, of course, is not a whole and is 365.2422. And how close the calendar can adjust to this value, its accuracy directly depends.
It is worth noting: despite the fact that the duration of one tropical year is practically constant, due to small perturbations of the Earth's orbit, it still changes slightly. These disturbances are associated with the influence of the celestial bodies closest to the Earth, primarily Mars and Venus, all of them are periodic and have an amplitude of 6 to 9 minutes. The period of each of the disturbances is two or three years, which together give a 19-year nutation cycle. In addition, the duration of the tropical year does not coincide with the time of the Earth's revolution around the Sun (the so-called sidereal year). This is due to the precession of the earth's axis, which leads to the emergence of a difference, which is now about 20 minutes (the length of the sidereal year in days is 365.2564).
The third time interval used to compile calendars is the synodic month. It is counted as the time between two identical phases of the moon (for example, new moons) and is on average 29.5306 solar days. The phases of the moon are determined by the mutual position of the three celestial bodies - the Earth, the Moon and the Sun, and, for example, do not correspond to the periodicity of the position of the Moon in the celestial sphere relative to the stars. In addition, like the tropical year, the synodic month varies greatly in length.
Lunar calendars based on the change in the phases of the moon were used quite widely, but in most they were superseded by solar or solar-lunar calendars. This is explained both by the inconvenience of using lunar calendars due to noticeable variations in the length of the month, and by the natural linking of human activity to seasonal weather changes, which can be associated with the position of the Sun in the sky, but not with the phase of the Moon. Today, lunar calendars are mainly used to determine the dates of religious holidays. In particular, the lunar is the Muslim calendar; the dates of the Old Testament Christian holidays, especially Easter, are also determined according to the lunar calendar.
Any calendar is based on attempts to relate at least two of these time intervals. But since any of these relationships cannot be represented in the form of an ordinary fraction, it is impossible to draw up an absolutely accurate calendar. You can solve this problem relatively in a simple way, without resorting to any calendars at all, but using only one interval, for example, the length of the day. This is suggested, for example, by astronomers who simply count the days from a certain point in the past (according to the modern calendar, this point corresponds to noon on November 24, 4714 BC). In this case, any time point is determined by the Julian date - a fractional number that corresponds to the number of days that have passed from the start of the countdown.
Wikimedia commons
In the picture above: A method for determining the ecliptic coordinates of a celestial body (for example, the Sun) on the celestial sphere. They are measured from the vernal equinox point.
Julian calendar
But counting the time only by day is still not very convenient, and I want to have time intervals of a larger scale at hand. Even realizing that no calendar will allow one to describe with absolute accuracy the relationship between the duration of a solar day, a tropical year and a synodic month, one can achieve satisfactory accuracy from it. It is in the degree of accuracy in describing the ratio of two of these three intervals that the difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian one lies.
Both of these calendars are solar, they are designed to relate the duration of the average solar day and the tropical year. We know that from an astronomical point of view, the duration of a tropical year is approximately 365.2422 days. To compose a calendar, this number must be described in some way so that in each calendar year there is an integer number of days. The easiest way to do this is by varying the length of the year.
The roughest of the acceptable roundings gives 365.25 days, and it is on this that the Julian calendar is built. If, with this rounding of the average length of the year, we divide the year into 365 days, then for every four years there will be an error of one day. It is from here that the structure of the calendar appears, in which every fourth year is a leap year, that is, it includes one more day than usual. The complete cycle of such a calendar is only four years, which makes it very easy to use.
The Julian calendar was developed by the Alexandrian astronomers, named after Julius Caesar, and introduced in 46 BC. Interestingly, initially, an additional day in a leap year was added not by introducing a new date - February 29, but by duplicating February 24.
Of course, the Julian calendar is far from the first version of the solar calendar. So, the basis for all modern solar calendars was the ancient Egyptian solar calendar. It was reckoned according to the position of the rising Sirius in the sky and included 365 days. And although the Egyptians understood that with such a system of counting, for example, the shift of the dates of the solstices and equinoxes occurs very quickly, for convenience the length of the year did not change. Therefore, every four years there was a shift by one day, and after 1460 years (this interval was called the Great Year of Sothis), the year returned to its original position.
Moreover, in the very Ancient rome The Julian calendar replaced the previously used Roman calendar of ten months and 354 days. To match the length of the calendar year with the length of the tropical one, an extra month was added to the year every few years.
The Julian calendar turned out to be much more convenient than the Roman one, but it was still not very accurate. The difference between 365.2422 and 365.25 is still large, so the inaccuracy of the Julian calendar was noticed pretty soon, primarily due to the shift in the date of the vernal equinox. By the 16th century, it had already moved 10 days from its initial position, established by the Council of Nicea in 325 on March 21. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of the calendar, it was proposed to amend the existing system of leap years.
Wikimedia commons
A graph of the time shift of the summer solstice depending on the year according to the Gregorian calendar. Years are plotted on the abscissa, and the calculated actual time of the summer solstice in calendar notation (a quarter of a day corresponds to six hours) is plotted on the ordinate.
Gregorian calendar
The new calendar was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, who issued the Inter gravissimas bull in 1582. For a more accurate correspondence of the calendar year to the tropical, the number of leap years in the new Gregorian calendar compared to the Julian calendar decreased by three for every 400 years. Therefore, leap years ceased to be those whose ordinal numbers are completely divisible by 100, but not divisible by 400. That is, 1900 and 2100 are not leap years, but, for example, 2000 was a leap year.
Taking into account the introduced amendments, the duration of one year in days according to the Gregorian calendar was 365.2425, which is already much closer to the required value of 365.2422 compared to what the Julian calendar proposed. As a result of the proposed amendments, there is a difference of three days between the Julian and Gregorian calendars for 400 years. At the same time, the amendment was carried out according to the shift of the day of the vernal equinox in relation to the date established by the Council of Nicea - March 21, 325, so it was only 10 days (the next day after October 4 in 1582 was immediately October 15), and the zero difference between the calendars does not correspond to the first century AD, and the third.
The transition to a more accurate Gregorian calendar in Europe took place gradually. At first, in the 80s of the XVI century, all Catholic countries switched to the Gregorian calendar, and during the XVII and XVIII centuries - gradually the Protestant states. Despite the fact that the reform of Gregory XIII was a measure of the Counter-Reformation, symbolically subordinating calendar time to the bull of the Roman pontiff, its objective advantages were too obvious to be resisted for long on religious grounds.
In Russia, the process of transition to a revised calendar was somewhat delayed: until 1700, when most European countries already lived according to the Gregorian calendar, the Byzantine chronology was still adopted in the Russian kingdom. In terms of defining leap years, the Byzantine calendar, developed in the 7th century, corresponded to the Julian calendar, but differed in the names of the months, the date of the beginning of the year (September 1) and the starting point of the chronology. If the Julian and Gregorian calendars are considered the starting point on January 1 of the year in which Jesus Christ was born, then in the Byzantine version the time is considered "from the creation of the world", allegedly coming in 5509 BC. (Note that in determining the exact year of Christ's birth, a mistake of several years was probably made, which is why, according to the Julian calendar, this should not be the first year of our era, but 7–5 BC).
Peter I translated Russia into the Julian calendar in 1700. On the one hand, he saw the need to "synchronize" the historical time of Russia with the European, on the other hand, he felt deep distrust of the calendar of the "papists", unwilling to introduce "heretical" Easter. True, the Old Believers never accepted his reforms and are still counting dates according to the Byzantine calendar. The New Believer Orthodox Church switched to the Julian calendar, but at the same time, until the beginning of the 20th century, opposed the introduction of a more accurate Gregorian.
Due to the practical inconvenience in the conduct of international affairs, as a result of the inconsistency between the calendars adopted in Europe and Russian Empire, the question of the transition to the Gregorian calendar was raised, especially during the 19th century, repeatedly. For the first time, such a question was discussed during the liberal reforms of Alexander I, but then it did not reach the official level. More serious problem the calendar was raised in 1830, for this a special committee was even assembled at the Academy of Sciences, but as a result, Nicholas I chose to abandon the reform, agreeing with the arguments of the Minister of Public Education Karl Lieven that the people were not ready to switch to a different calendar system due to insufficient education and about possible disturbances.
"Decree on the introduction of the Western European calendar in the Russian Republic"
The next time, a serious commission on the need to switch to the Gregorian calendar in the Russian Empire was gathered at the very end of the 19th century. The commission was formed under the Russian Astronomical Society, but, despite the participation of notable scientists, in particular Dmitry Mendeleev, it was still decided to abandon the transition due to the insufficient accuracy of the Gregorian calendar.
At the same time, the commission considered the issue of switching both to the Gregorian calendar and to an even more accurate version, developed by a professor at the University of Dorpat astronomer Johann Heinrich von Medler in 1884. Medler suggested using a calendar with a 128-year cycle containing 31 leap years. Average length years in a day according to such a calendar will be 365.2421875 and an error in one day accumulates over 100 thousand years. However, this project was not adopted either. According to historians, the opinion of the Orthodox Church played a significant role in the rejection of reforms.
Only in 1917, after the October Revolution and the separation of church from state, did the Bolsheviks decide to switch to the Gregorian calendar. By that time, the difference between the two calendars had already reached 13 days. Several options were proposed for the transition to a new style. The first was a gradual transition over 13 years, with an amendment made on one day each year. However, in the end, the second, more radical, option was chosen, according to which in 1918 the first half of February was simply canceled, so that after January 31, February 14 immediately began.
Wikimedia commons
The plot of the shift of the time of the vernal equinox according to the New Julian calendar. Years are plotted on the abscissa, and the calculated actual time of the vernal equinox in calendar notation (a quarter of a day corresponds to six hours) is plotted on the ordinate. The blue vertical line marks the year 1923 when the calendar was developed. The period of time before this date is considered according to the proleptic New Julian calendar, which extends the date to an earlier date.
The Julian calendar and the Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church continues to use the Julian calendar to this day. The main reason why she refuses to switch to the Gregorian calendar is the linking of a number of church holidays (primarily Easter) to the lunar calendar. To calculate the date of Easter, the Easter system is used, which are based on the comparison of lunar months and tropical years (19 tropical years are quite accurately equal to 235 lunar months).
The transition to the Gregorian calendar, according to representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, will lead to serious canonical violations. In particular, in some cases, when using the Gregorian calendar, the date of Catholic Easter turns out to be earlier than the Jewish date or coincides with it, which is contrary to the Apostolic rules. After the transition to the Gregorian calendar, Catholics celebrated Easter four times before the Jews (all in the 19th century) and five times at the same time (in the 19th and 20th centuries). In addition, Orthodox priests find other reasons not to switch to the Gregorian calendar, for example, shortening the duration of some fasts.
At the same time, part of the Orthodox churches at the beginning of the 20th century switched to the New Julian calendar - with amendments introduced by the Serbian astronomer Milutin Milankovic (known primarily due to the description of climatic cycles). Milankovitch suggested that instead of subtracting three leap years every 400 years, subtracting seven leap years every 900 years. Thus, the full cycle of the New Julian calendar is 900 years, which makes it even more accurate, but at the same time more difficult to use, even in relation to the Gregorian.
Milankovitch's amendments lead to the fact that the date according to the New Julian calendar may differ from the Gregorian one both upward and downward (in the foreseeable future - by no more than one day). IN this moment the dates of the New Julian and Gregorian calendar coincide, and the nearest discrepancy between them will appear only in 2800.
The accuracy of the New Julian calendar results in an accumulation of errors of one day over 43,500 years. This is significantly better than the Gregorian calendar (one day in 3280 years) and, of course, the Julian calendar (one day in 128 years). But, for example, the already mentioned Medler amendments, which were also considered by the Russian Orthodox Church as an alternative to the Julian calendar, make it possible to achieve twice as much accuracy (one day in 100 thousand years), even despite significantly more short cycle at 128 years old.
Returning to the question of dating the October Revolution and Pushkin's birthday, it is worth noting that they are dated according to the new style (that is, according to the Gregorian calendar), indicating the date in parentheses according to the old (Julian) style. They do the same in European countries for dating even those events that occurred before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar, using the so-called proleptic Gregorian calendar, that is, extending the Gregorian chronology to the period up to 1582.
The difference between the dates of Catholic and Orthodox Christmas is now fully consistent with the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Accordingly, after 2100, Orthodox Christmas will shift from January 7 to 8, and the difference in dates will increase by one more day.
Alexander Dubov
This page will always help you find out the number and day of the week for today. At the top of the page is the calendar for the current month, today is marked in green... The pre-holiday days are marked in orange - the opening hours are reduced by one hour. In red - weekends, and in dark red - holidays in the Russian Federation.
Every day has its definite place and name in the human system. The day of the week, month, and year are the precise reference points in the time frame that people use to plan their daily activities. To keep track of time, a person invented not only a clock, but also a calendar - a tool that counts down days and years. The calendar allows you to represent time in the form of a ruler, and every student knows how to determine any date. However, this was not always the case.
Julian calendar
The Roman Calendarium was a debt book, the calculations for which were carried out in the days of the calendars. The Romans were guided within the month by the main events:
- kalendam - the first days of the month;
- nonam - on the fifth or seventh days;
- idam - the 13th or 15th days.
There were 10 months in total, and March was considered the first - the month of the god Mars. This system was borrowed from the Greeks, whose calendar consisted of 12 months. The discrepancy between the solar and calendar years forced the Greeks to add the thirteenth month 3 times every 8 years: in the third, fifth and eighth year.
The Roman calendar in this regard was even more inconvenient, since it was periodically required insert extra month... Mensis Intercalaris, or the thirteenth month of the Roman calendar, was introduced in February, but the decision to announce it was taken by the pontiff. Sometimes politicians influenced the decision of the latter, and during the troubles the thirteenth was simply forgotten. As a result of inaccurate handling of the Mensis Intercalaris, calendar dates and seasons began to diverge, and by the time of Julius Caesar's reign they were more than 60 days behind each other.
To synchronize seasons and calendar dates Julius Caesar introduced a new number system, which was named Julian. In this calendar, the months received a different number of days, and a special leap year was introduced to eliminate the desync error. The Julian calendar remains the main time reckoning system for some religious and non-canonical organizations, and also forms the basis of the Orthodox month. Today in Russia the Julian calendar is known as the "old style".
Gregorian calendar
Despite all efforts to synchronize dates, the Julian calendar was still malfunctioning. With the advent of Christianity, Easter became the main holiday, the date of which, as you know, is calculated according to the vernal equinox. But in the Julian calendar, full moons were inconsistent with astronomical ones, which made it difficult to determine the floating date of Easter Sunday. That is why a modified version of the Julius Caesar calendar was developed, in which the rules for calculating leap years and calculating Easter were changed. To correct errors calendar on the day of adoption shifted the date by 10 days... Every 400 years, the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars increases by 3 days.
Counting principles
The calendar is a system of reckoning based on the principles of the movement of celestial bodies. The change of day and night or the lunar cycle set the basic guidelines for building the timeline. Why did the ancient Greek and Roman calendars accumulate errors and require the insertion of additional months? The thing is that when calculating the month, the change of lunar phases, equal to 29.53 days, was taken into account. Thus, the lunar year contains only 354.37 days, and the dates are shifted by 11 days every year. To eliminate this problem, the days began to be counted not according to the motion of the moon, but according to the sun.
The solar calendar is based on an annual stellar cycle that lasts 365.25 days. Obviously, every 4 years, one extra day accumulates, and to level it leap years are introduced... Such a calendar uses the days of the equinox and solstice to check the consistency of dates and seasons. So, the vernal equinox is stably fixed on March 20, and the June and December solstices allow an error of 1 day. The solar calendar is used in all new systems of calculation, including the Gregorian one.
Main landmarks
We understand how to count the years, but what should we count them from? Depending on the era and civilization, the time was counted in different ways. For example, the Romans determined the time of historical events according to the main landmark - the founding of Rome. In, on the contrary, the countdown began each time anew together with the accession to the throne of the next ruling dynasty. With the advent of Christianity, medieval Europe took the Nativity of Christ as a mark of the beginning of time, which is still used in most modern states.
Religious landmarks are the most popular time stamps from which time is kept in other countries. For example, in Islamic countries, the years are counted from the Hijra - the date of the resettlement of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. The situation is even more interesting with the Jewish calendar, which originates from the moment of the creation of the universe. According to the adherents of Judaism, the world was created in 3761 BC. e, which was calculated based on the life span of the biblical heroes. India's religious calendar, Kali Yuga, offers a more entertaining starting point. According to Indian beliefs, the era of Kali Yuga began at the time of Krishna's departure from this world, which happened on January 23, 3102 BC. NS.
But the most curious is Mayan calendar... We still do not know exactly what point of reference the ancient Indians took for their calendar, although we found out on the basis of carbon analysis that the Mesoamerican calendar starts on August 13, 3114 BC. NS. Another thing is curious. The Mayan calendar was calculated only until December 21, 2012, which gave rise to many eschatological theories about a global cataclysm that was to occur on this day. The world was waiting for the date 12/21/2012 with bated breath. But nothing happened, and another end of the world sank into oblivion.
Online service "What day is it?"
Our program allows you to determine not only today's date, but also find out Interesting Facts... So, the service displays data about what year it is according to the Eastern calendar, whether it is a leap year or not, allows you to find out what day it is in the account or transfer the date to the Julian calendar system. This is a handy program with which it is easy to plan your affairs and learn interesting facts about today.
This day is called the day of karmic tests. The ninth lunar day carries a rather heavy energy, and therefore today it will be very appropriate to carry with you your own, amulet, etc., a thing that would smooth out the negative consequences. Believers on such a day may not feel any negative influences on themselves, but they will definitely see and feel the influence of dark energy on the general environment.
It will not hurt to carry out an energetic cleaning of your home on such a day, because it happens that they come to us different people and some carry negative black energy, which tends to accumulate in the corners and closets of our house. It happens that we ourselves contribute to this not good energy, our bad mood, everyday quarrels.
But despite the fact that the day seems terrible and terrible, you should look at life optimistically and not expect any troubles, and then they will surely pass by, and the day will pass merrily and happily.
Love and relationships
This is not the best day for romantic relationships and dates, today there is a high probability of various conflicts with your chosen one or chosen one. Therefore, it is better to postpone the date to another day. Also, this day is completely unsuitable for weddings.
Housework
The 9th lunar day is well suited for working in a vegetable garden or garden, caring for animals and plants, but so that it does not require heavy physical exertion. It is better to refuse heavy household chores.
Health
On the 9th lunar day, the load on the blood vessels and the heart is very dangerous, so any hard work must be excluded. This day is great for visiting a steam room or a bath, but the main thing is not to overdo it, remember about the heart, it is also useful to carry out various cleansing procedures.
Business and money
Today you need to be on the alert, even faithful partners can easily surprise you, all financial issues are better postponed to another day, there is a very high probability of becoming a victim of deception. It is not recommended to listen to different advisors on such a day. Today is a very good day for people of creative professions, they can easily find inspiration in their work.
Second phase (quarter) of the moon
Element: Water. Approximately on the eighth or ninth lunar day from the beginning, the first quarter of the moon comes or is still called the first quarter of the moon. During this period, the level of fluid in the human body is concentrated in the middle of the chest. In this regard, diseases of the organs that are located here may occur, in the event that there are hidden pathologies. It is necessary to pay attention to the changes occurring in the body, especially when they are not directed for the better. If the body begins to have problems that you yourself do not yet know about the second phase of the moon - it's time to identify them. At this time, a person becomes sensitive, the energy continues to grow, but not as actively and rapidly as in.
MOON IN THE SIGN OF CANCER f 14 ° 49 "45"
In the days of Cancer, most people become easily hurt, resentful and sensitive. They sink into inner world, move away from problems and the external environment. The significance of their experiences, emotions and impressions becomes more important than real life... Their mood becomes very unstable and changeable, their behavior is extremely unstable. During this period, people are able to follow their subconscious impulses, which are difficult to explain, and often commit inappropriate actions and deeds. They can, without a drop of doubt, take risks, sacrifice something important.
The most reasonable thing to do these days is to give up rash actions and impulsive decisions, to carefully consider your behavior and thoughts. It is useful to create a comfortable, cozy and protected environment for yourself: for example, to put things in order in the house, to make minor repairs. It is not at all necessary to leave your inner world - it will simply become brighter and richer.
There are about 40 variants of calendars on our planet - from “civil” to religious. One and a half thousand years, one of the most convenient and accurate was the calendar created by the astronomer Sozigen, introduced in 45 BC. It used a system of leap days added every 4 years. However, like all other calendars, it was not absolutely accurate. When rounding the four-year "appendages" and adding them into an additional day, there were still unaccounted for minutes and seconds, which every 128 years shifted the calendar one day ahead of the vernal equinox. Because of this under Pope Gregory XIII in the West decided n carry out calendar reform
The author of the new chronology, according to which they now live in most countries of the world, was the Italian physician, astronomer and mathematician Luigi Lillio. The calendar was named after a Catholic chapter and was introduced in 1582. In it, the accumulated extra 10 days were "thrown away", and so that the calendar would not move in the future, it was decided to complicate the system of inserting leap days. In each period of 400 years - 100s, 200s and 300s were excluded from the number of leap years, and their number decreased by 3 days. Thanks to this, it turned out that a year in Gregorian terms is longer than a tropical one by only 26 seconds, which means that extra days accumulate over 3280 years, which is quite acceptable.
However, the Orthodox world accepted Catholic innovations with hostility. Indeed, in addition to the calendar reform, Catholics also invented a new system for calculating Easter days, abandoning the universal Alexandrian Easter and breaking a number of patristic rules. In Orthodox Russia, even the civil calendar until 1918 was kept in the Julian style, differing from global standards by 13 days.
Astronomers did not like the Gregorian calendar, for whom the more accurate is not the tropical, but the sidereal year measured by the stars, to which the old style was closer. For accurate mathematical calculations, the Julian chronology turned out to be more convenient. Therefore, astronomers, mathematicians and chronological historians still prefer to make calculations according to Yu.S., and then they add the corresponding number of days to the data obtained.
After the introduction of the new style in Russia, the Russian Orthodox Church continues to live according to the Julian calendar to this day. Because of this, the previously celebrated Christmas before the New Year is celebrated in our country on the seventh day of the new year. And from the next century, it will have to be postponed to January 8, and in the same way, all other church holidays will move relative to the civil calendar. What is the most correct calendar? And several millennia later, if our Church does not abandon the Julian calendar, then Easter will have to be celebrated not in spring, but at the beginning of summer ...
In 1923, the majority of Orthodox churches adopted the New Julian calendar, which until 2800 completely coincides with the Gregorian calendar, but even more accurate. It was developed by the Yugoslav astronomer Professor Milutin Milankovic. An error in 1 day accumulates in it only once every 40 thousand (!) Years. But not all Orthodox Christians agreed to accept it, and this gave rise to schisms. For example, the "Old Calendarists" broke away from the Greek Church that had passed to it, which, in turn, split into a number of sects and communities.
Curiously, they tried to introduce a new style in Russia, and the decree on this was signed by none other than the holy patriarch Tikhon (Belavin). But since the case smelled of protests and splits, after 24 days everything had to be canceled and returned to normal. Now the Julian calendar is used only by the Russian, Jerusalem, Georgian and Serbian churches, plus monasteries on Mount Athos. All other local churches follow the New Julian style.
Your attention is invited new lunar calendar for 2020 indicating the days of the new moon, full moon, what is the phase of the moon today, the position of the moon in the signs of the zodiac, and also favorable lunar days... The lunar calendar of 2020 will help you today identify unfavorable and auspicious days every month of 2020, will focus on planning cases with the least loss of time and effort. Find out what is the lunar day today, and read what action and characteristics it has.
LUNAR CALENDAR FOR TODAY March 27, 2020
The table shows unfavorable and favorable days of the lunar calendar 2020 for daily affairs.
Today tenderness, a feeling of love will appear in you, your appetite will increase. A good time to continue and complete affairs, especially those related to property, for commercial activities, exchange transactions, capital investments, execution and signing of a will. A good time to negotiate, sign contracts, announce an engagement or get married. Today you need to please your body - have a massage or eat a tasty one
Moon season: "Spring". The first phase of the Moon can be compared with the first years of a person's life - his childhood and adolescence. In this, all people are at a low level of activity, tend to be in a depressed mood, which worsens for no apparent reason. If the main thing in your life is work, be sure that the first phase is best time to think about new projects. It's too early to start with them, but planning can already be done. If the main priority is love and personal life, then know that in the first phase promises are made, joint plans are made, hopes are born, new acquaintances are made, and the old ones move to a more serious level.
Solar / Lunar Eclipse- No
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE LUNAR DAY:
| New cases | Auspicious day for doing new things |
| Business | Good luck in business that day |
| Money | Money should be treated more carefully |
| Real estate | Unfavorable lunar day |
| Trade | Auspicious lunar day for trading |
| The science | Don't even think |
| Creation | The results will not bring you pleasure, so postpone for another day. |
| Communication | Auspicious day for chatting with friends |
| Travels | Postpone your vacation for another period |
| Moving | Unfavorable lunar day |
| Rest | Try to work harder today and rest later. |
| Physical exercise | Only physical activity today can raise your vitality. |
| Marriage | Unfavorable lunar day for marriage |
| Intimacy | Auspicious lunar day for intimacy |
| Conception | Postpone this venture |
| Food | You can eat whatever your soul desires |
| Health | Disease bypasses you |