Mini-kiwi or actinidia got its name from the shape of the flowers, which are similar to the stars (from Latin "actis" is translated as a star). In nature, there are more than forty varieties of them. It can grow on a personal plot for fruiting and for decoration.
Actinidia is a deciduous vine most commonly found in mountain forests. Trees serve as natural supports for this plant. In the vastness of the former USSR, it is found in the Far East. For the first time, scientists started breeding this plant in the 30s of the last century. To date, their work has been crowned with success, winter-hardy varieties have been bred. Now the cultivation of mini kiwi has become possible in almost any region.
Features of actinidia
Mini kiwi has flowers of both sexes, therefore, to obtain fruits, it is necessary to plant both male and female crops on the site. The mini-kiwi flowers exude a delicate and refined aroma, they are perfectly pollinated by bumblebees and bees, but at the same time they are not honey plants, since they do not have nectaries. The bees consume pollen from these flowers as a protein feed.
Almost all mini-kiwi varieties bloom in July, with the exception of Kolomikta, which blooms a month earlier. The flowering period is ten to twelve days. At the same time, actinidia releases young shoots, which grow up to two meters over the summer. With the onset of autumn, the growth of the vine stops, and buds form on the shoots.
The mini-kiwi fruit is full of juice and has a sweet and rich taste. An interesting feature the fruit of actinidia is that they change their aroma from year to year. Sometimes the berries smell like pineapple, sometimes they smell like apple
Reproduction and care of actinidia
Mini kiwi are propagated:
Seeds;
rooting cuttings;
inoculation
Seeds are stored in dry and cool places. In the spring they are sown in special small containers. The first shoots hatch after fifteen days. After the opening of the first leaves, the seedlings are dived or planted in the soil.
Actinidia care effective way reproduction is cuttings. It is carried out in June-July using the following technology: a stalk with several buds and one, upper, leaf is cut from a bush. Then the cut cutting is placed in heteroauxin or water for a day. After that, it can be planted in soil, peat or sand. The bud with a leaf should remain above the surface of the ground, the cutting itself must be watered and covered with a film.
The most suitable temperature for planting a crop is considered to be 18-24 ° C, and best conditions- sufficient humidity and moderate sun exposure. If the temperature outside is very high, a damp cotton cloth should be placed under the film. When water evaporates from it, the temperature will decrease. It is necessary to spray the cuttings once a day. Subject to all planting conditions, the formation of the root system takes place in a month, after which the anemones can be transplanted into open soil. In winter, it is better to cover actinidia with fallen leaves.
You can also propagate mini-kiwi using lignified cuttings. For these purposes, after pruning the crop, it is necessary to select the healthiest and strongest shoots, place them on the soil and cover them with a layer of sawdust, half a meter thick. In the spring, when the ground warms up enough, the sawdust should be removed, and the cuttings should be cut and put into water. The land, shortly before planting, must be fertilized with compost or peat. The cuttings are planted in prepared soil and covered with a damp cloth, which can be removed after a month. The first crop, in the case of propagation by cuttings, can be removed in two to four years.
Planting anemones
Be careful when choosing a place for a vine. The optimum is a practically shaded area, where the sun's rays fall only for a few hours a day. It is also good to grow actinidia near any building. Thus, it will be protected from direct sunlight and wind. The optimal planting time is the very beginning of summer or spring. When landing, you must do the following:
Prepare the landing pits.
It is necessary to start preparing a couple of weeks before planting. The optimum depth is no more than seventy centimeters. A drainage layer, 10-15 cm thick, should be poured into each hole. For these purposes, coal slag is best suited;
Add fertilizer.
The drainage is covered with a layer of soil, which is mixed with fertilizers and humus. Each hole requires a bucket of humus and up to three hundred grams of mineral fertilizers;
Landing.
It is performed after the ground has settled. To avoid scalding the root system, a layer of clean soil is poured onto the soil mixture with fertilizers and watered. The seedling must be installed in the hole so carefully so as not to destroy the root ball;
Tamping and watering.
The soil around the plant needs to be tamped a little and watered well. It is not required to make a hole so that rainwater does not accumulate. The required moisture level will help preserve the mulch;
Shelter of the creeper.
During the engraftment period, actinidia must be covered with paper or gauze from direct sunlight;
Fencing.
The scent of mini kiwi is very appealing to cats. To prevent animals from damaging the seedling, you can shield it with a metal grate.
Important! Seedlings of culture do not need pruning either before planting or after it.
http://domicad.com.ua/uploads/content/aktinidiya-ananasnaya.jpeg Features of care and harvesting
Despite the fact that actinidia has a powerful and branched root system, about 70% of it is close to the surface. Therefore, loosen the soil with extreme caution. For a better culture development, it needs regular feeding. It is better to apply organic matter in the spring, and ash fertilizers - in the fall.
Vine shoots grow very quickly, therefore, so that they do not intertwine, they should be cut off by half a meter every month. The last pruning is carried out after the leaves have completely fallen off. For the fullest flowering and fruiting, vines need support. It will look good as a gazebo decoration or as a hedge. In this case, the plants must be planted at intervals of three to five meters.
Actinidia variety Kolomikta yields a harvest in late July-August. To avoid shedding the fruits, you can harvest a little ahead of time and leave to ripen in boxes. Berries of other mini-kiwi varieties ripen a little later - in August-September. They stick well to the branches even after they are fully cooked, so you can harvest as they ripen.
In general, it should be noted that shade-tolerant actinidia is not very demanding on soils, but it is better to plant it in light, slightly acidic soil, which needs to be enriched with humus. Even with minimal maintenance, this original plant will delight you with its flowers and fruits.
Tells Natalia Kozak, specialist in rare cultures and summer resident
Gardeners in Central Russia can successfully cultivate three kiwi sisters from the Far East. They are beautiful perennial vines with tasty and healthy smooth fruits.
The most flexible
Actinidia kolomikta is ideal for beginner gardeners. It is the most winter-hardy (it can withstand winter frosts down to -42 degrees without shelter) and hardy. In new varieties, the berries are close in size to large gooseberries, and they have no equal in the content of ascorbic acid (it is 100-200 times more than in apples). Sour-sweet, fragrant, thin-skinned fruits ripen from late July to late August.
New varieties: In memory of Kolbasina, Ella (large-fruited); Hope (late ripening, does not crumble).
The most powerful
Actinidia arguta, with good care, quickly forms beautiful walls from satin leaves. Its fruits are larger than those of kolomikta (in terms of size, some are already plugged into the waist with an average plum), and with a high (like kiwi) content of vitamin C, they have a particularly delicate taste. There are hybrid forms with beautiful pinkish berries that retain their color after processing. It ripens in September, but ripens without problems in room conditions.
New varieties: Native, Dachnaya, Relay (large-fruited, quite winter-hardy).
The most unusual
Actinidia polygamy is not like the rest of the "sisters". All parts of this plant contain a special substance that is used in official Chinese medicine for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike other actinidia, young leaves are edible in polygamy - they taste spicy, similar to mustard or watercress. They are believed to be very helpful. The fruits of actinidia polygamy contain beta-carotene, and it is not less than in sea buckthorn or apricot. The taste of orange fruits is also special - some compare it with bell peppers, others with figs.
New varieties: Red Maiden (fruits are large, sweet).
Four conditions for success
1. A sufficient amount of moisture in the soil and in the air, but actinidia will not tolerate stagnant water.
2. For fruiting of any actinidia growing in our country you need a male plant (one for 5-10 "ladies"). Each species needs its own "male" pollinator: the Arguta cannot pollinate either the actinidia colomicta or polygamy, and vice versa.
3. Actinidia definitely need support. Large fruits are obtained only on well-formed vines. At the same time, you can start pruning only after the leaves have completely bloomed (juice should not drip from the cut) or in the fall after leaf fall.
4. In the first three years after planting, all types of actinidia can suffer from cats. Therefore, when planting, the seedlings must be surrounded by a net, including from above.
This Far Eastern fruit vine is cultivated in garden plots located in the middle lane. As fruit crops, the most popular are actinidia arguta and kolomikta. This plant is appreciated not only as an ornamental plant, but also as a medicinal and fruit plant.
Kolomikta is the most frost-resistant actinidia, which is found in all regions of the country up to the latitude of the Leningrad region. The berries are green, elongated-cylindrical, soft, very tender, sweet and sour with a pronounced pineapple aroma. The mass of the berry is from 2 to 5 g, inside contains many small seeds, which, when chewed, are imperceptible, but they give a fig or nutty flavor. Berries contain a lot of vitamin C, which is poorly lost during drying and conservation. To satisfy the daily need for this vitamin, it is enough to eat 10 g of jam or 2-3 fresh actinidia berries. In addition, this culture contains 10% sugars, up to 0.9% pectin, 1-1.5% organic acids. Finally, in the composition of actinidia there is a specific compound - actinidin, which has a beneficial effect on the intestines.
Arguta bears fruit quite well a little south of the Moscow region. The berries of this culture are green, weighing 7-10 g, sweet and sour, with a banana-pineapple aroma. They contain 80-100 mg of ascorbic acid, 0.28 mg of carotene, 55 mg of P-active substances.
Almost all varieties of actinidia ripen uncommonly, ripe berries fall off. Due to their delicate consistency, they are practically non-transportable. Since it is difficult to distinguish ripe berries from unripe berries on a bush by color, you have to collect almost every day what is poured onto craft paper or film spread under the vine. If you want to keep the berries for several days, they are laid out in a cool room in a thin layer, while avoiding extraneous odors. Canned actinidia berries at home as they are harvested in glass jars small volume.
Actinidia is suitable for any type of processing, but it is better to cook jam from it, pour syrup or dry the berries, and then use it in the manufacture of jelly, compote, sherbet, cocktails, all kinds of drinks that have an exquisite taste and pleasant aroma. Store well in the refrigerator fresh preparations: berries, mashed with sugar (1: 1.5) or covered with sugar (1: 2).
The kiwi so common today is actually also actinidia. However, unlike arguta or kolomikta, it will grow exclusively in the southernmost regions or in greenhouses.
Actinidia is a perennial woody deciduous vine native to Southeast Asia. She is the closest relative of the popular furry kiwi, and by content nutrients sometimes exceeds his relative.
Today in horticulture, up to hundreds of varieties of actinidia are used, most of which are small-fruited.
Actindia is a fruit plant, a relative of the kiwi
Actinidia is a multivitamin culture, its fruits contain vitamins C, P, B1, B2, B5, polyphenols, carotene. Dry substances in actinidia contain from 15-21%, organic acids - 0.7-2.4%, pectins - 0.4-0.8% and sugar - 0.7-24%.
Potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus salts are present in actinidium.
Biological features of actinidia
It is characterized by a height of 5-6 meters, and actinidia arguta - up to 25 meters. The trunk diameter of this woody liana is up to five centimeters.
Actinidia must be placed on a support, it can be a ladder, pergola or trellis.
During the season, the shoots of actinidia can grow up to two meters. With vegetative propagation, actinidia begins to bear fruit in the third or fourth year, with seed propagation - in the fourth or fifth year.
Actinidia is a cross-pollinated plant, it can be dioecious and dioecious. To get fruits, you need to plant at least two plants: a female and a male specimen. Determine the sex, possibly by the structure of the flowers.
Actindia - all about the plant:
The root system has a fibrous structure with numerous ramifications and skeletal roots. The main roots lie at a depth of 25-40 centimeters and have a radius of 60-80 centimeters from the center of the bush.
The most winter-hardy species is actinidia kolomikta, which can withstand up to minus thirty degrees. Actinidia that bear fruit are more hardy. Vines suffer from autumn and early spring frosts, which can cause the death of non-lignified shoots and leaves. Buds also die in the budding phase if the air temperature is below three degrees.
Fruits are formed on the shoots of the current year, their ripening occurs in mid-August - late September. Fruits can be oblong or round and weigh 2 to 14 grams.
Actinidia culture is light-loving and in the shade the fruits may not be tied. Loves moderate moisture, but does not tolerate excess moisture.
Actinidia should not be cut off in the spring, since as a result of "crying" drying occurs, leading to death.
Growing actinidia
Actinidia should be planted in elevated areas where water flow is ensured. The soils should be fertile, deeply drained soddy-podzolic loamy, with a powerful humus horizon. Lianas need slightly acidic and acidic soils for good growth, and floating clay soils are not at all suitable.
The best predecessor of actinidia is black currant, but the neighborhood with an apple tree is not desirable.
It is better to plant a liana in spring, in April, until the sap flow has begun. If planting is carried out in the fall, then the seedlings must be covered for the winter with a ten to fifteen centimeter layer of dry leaves.
Two-year-old seedlings should be planted, a planting hole is dug for them with a depth of fifty to sixty centimeters. There should be a distance of 2.5-3 meters between the bushes. If actinidia is planted for decorative purposes, then the distance is taken as 0.7-1 meter. You need to plant the plant at the level of the root collar. Then we cover the roots with earth and water. After planting, the plant must be protected from the rays of the sun. You can transplant and plant actinidia seedlings up to four years of age.
When planting, you need to add organic fertilizers (8-10kg). Fertilize with mineral fertilizers in the spring in the root system zone (potassium salt - 15 g, double superphosphate - 15 g, ammonium nitrate - 30 g per square meter) and in the fall (potassium salt and superphosphate at 20 g per square meter) by 15-20 cm deep. Fertilizers containing chlorine are excluded.
Formative pruning of actinidia is performed after autumn leaf fall. To enhance tillering, young plants need to be cut at a height of thirty to forty centimeters. When grown vertically, the liana is given the shape of a comb or fan. Rejuvenating pruning is performed at the age of seven to ten years to replace aged skeletal branches. Unproductive branches should be cut at the base.
Types and varieties of actinidia
Earlier we already wrote that the most cultivated species of actinidia are kolomikta and arguta.
With the participation of Kolomikt, varieties such as Pavlovskaya and Excellent were bred, the Kievskaya variety is an interspecific hybrid between the actinidia arguta and purple.
Healing properties of actindia:
Reproduction of actinidia
The propagation of actinidia can be performed by root suckers, seeds, layering, green cuttings, dividing bushes and woody cuttings.
Actinidia pests and diseases
Pests and diseases hardly affect actinidia. Phyllostictosis of the leaves may appear in July-August, which is expressed in the appearance of brown spots on the leaves. You can fight it by collecting and destroying the affected leaves.
Fruits can be affected by various types of rot. In this case, you need to collect and destroy the affected fruit.
The most dangerous pests of actinidia are cats, which, after the snow melts, can gnaw out young shoots and damage the roots by digging them up. To protect the plants, you need to protect them with a wire mesh, burying it 10 cm into the ground. Adult plants are not afraid of cats.
Actinidia can be consumed fresh and processed. Actinidia can be canned, dried or dried, make jam, juice, vitamin cocktail.
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