Vegetable oil is an indispensable product in the kitchen of every housewife. Basically, it is a vegetable fat extracted from the fruits or seeds of plants, such as corn, soybeans, sunflowers. Salads are seasoned with oil, added to confectionery, fried on it - there are many options for its use.
Sunflower oil accounts for a significant share of the vegetable oil market in Russia. In our country, about 2 million tons of such a product are consumed annually. Mainly small and medium-sized enterprises are engaged in its production. The high popularity of the product, as well as the absence of territorial restrictions for its implementation, make the idea of sunflower oil production interesting for business. Let's try to figure out how to organize such a production and how profitable it can be.
Sunflower oil production technology
As you know, there are two types of sunflower oil: refined and unrefined. Their fundamental difference is the degree of purification. Unrefined sunflower oil is dark in color because it contains more impurities. It has a pleasant, pronounced odor. This oil is considered to be more beneficial. However, it also has disadvantages: a bitter taste and a short shelf life.
Refined oil differs in that it practically does not contain foreign impurities in its composition. Therefore, it is almost transparent in appearance, has a neutral taste and smell. But the main advantage of refined sunflower oil is its long shelf life: from 4 to 12 months versus 2 months, during which unrefined oil can be suitable. The technology for the production of sunflower oil of these two types is different.
Small producers usually use a cold-pressed system. This technology does not provide high volumes: in 1 hour, 38 liters of high quality oil can be obtained from 100 kg of sunflower seeds. The seeds are crushed and oil is squeezed out of them using a screw press. Then the oil is passed several times through special cloth filters. This method is great for making sunflower oil at home. The oil obtained as a result of cold pressing is highly appreciated by consumers, since it retains all the trace elements that make up the original product.
In the process of making oil, larger manufacturers use special roasting pans that heat the seeds to a high temperature, as well as powerful high-speed presses, as a result of which the oil darkens, losing its aroma and useful properties.
The process in a typical oil extraction plant consists of the following steps:
- seed treatment using a vibrating sieve (or a special separator), during which the raw material is cleared of coarse debris and various impurities;
- peeling of seeds from their peels in crushing machines (crushing seeds with subsequent blowing of the husk with a stream of air);
- processing of the resulting mass using a press with a screw (impact on crushed seeds with a force of 2,500 tons at a temperature of more than 100 degrees);
- refining using various filters (usually bleaching clay or diatomite - algae powder);
- bottling of finished oil into containers.
Good equipment makes it possible to obtain 20,000 bottles of sunflower oil with a volume of 1 liter each from 50 tons of seeds in 1 hour. That is, from 2.5 kg of sunflower seeds, 1 liter of oil can be produced.
An advantageous feature of maintaining an oil extraction plant is that such production is practically waste-free. The meal remaining from the processing of seeds is purchased by farms and fish farms, and the husks are purchased by brick factories.
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How to start a sunflower oil business
So, the first thing to do is to choose an activity format that suits you best. It is necessary to build on the budget and experience first of all.
Options for organizing your own production
The oil extraction plant is an expensive project with a capital investment of at least 12 million rubles at the start. and a payback period of about three years. This is not the best option for a budding entrepreneur. It is more suitable for those who have "decent" experience in the field of management and understands all the intricacies of the production process.
The opening of a small workshop with a capacity of 5 to 10 tons of oil per day does not require too high input costs. You can keep within the amount of about 3 million rubles, and over time, having gained a foothold in the market, expand production, purchase additional equipment and increase volumes.
Home production of sunflower oil is a budget project that will not bring big profits, but nevertheless will allow you to earn a stable income and provide for the needs of the whole family (see,). Household oil squeezing machines are characterized by low productivity (about 5 l / h), their cost, respectively, is much lower than the price of professional equipment. So, a small screw oil press for cold pressing can be purchased for only 150,000 rubles.
And how to get oil using a wooden oil press at home and which varieties of sunflower are better to use, is described in the following video:
Another option that can be considered as an additional activity is growing sunflower as a business. The average yield of this crop is 12-15 centners per hectare. According to approximate data, if we use an area of 100 hectares, then the costs for each cultivated hectare will be about 3,500 rubles, and the possible income - from 6,000 rubles. Growing sunflower for further processing allows you to get a full production cycle and increase its efficiency several times.
Legal base
Activities for the production of vegetable oil from sunflower seeds must be registered with the Federal Tax Service (FTS). You can independently choose the most convenient form of business: obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur (IE) or register a legal entity.
Such activity does not require obtaining a license. But you still need some additional documents to work calmly and compete with other manufacturers on the market.
First of all, you need to choose a suitable production facility and prepare it in accordance with SanPiN 1197-74. "Sanitary rules for enterprises producing vegetable oils". This regulatory document contains all the information on what requirements are imposed on the device, lighting, ventilation, heating of production, warehouse and household premises of such enterprises.
The local representative office of the Rospotrebnadzor service will be able to confirm the compliance of your shop with all the established requirements, as well as help with the development of a production control program, which is also a mandatory document. In addition to this instance, you will need to contact the territorial department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and get an opinion on the observance of fire safety standards in the premises.
The next important document is a declaration of conformity of your product with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU) 021/2011 "On food safety". You can issue such a declaration at any accredited certification center. It is issued for a period of 1 to 5 years. The average cost of declaring services is 7,000 rubles.
This concludes the list of basic documents required to start an oil production activity. And we move on to the issue of material and technical equipment.
Workshop premises and production equipment
To accommodate even a small production will require a fairly spacious room. The height of the ceilings in the workshop must be at least 3.5 m. The room must be divided into several zones:
- for cleaning, crushing and pressing seeds;
- for refining;
- for filling and packaging products;
- for storing raw materials;
- for storing the finished product;
- for storage and processing of waste;
- for administrative and household purposes.
The total area of the workshop must be at least 300 sq. m, while most of it will fall on the raw materials warehouse.
Important! The power supply system in the workshop must be three-phase with a voltage of 380 V. This is necessary to ensure the smooth operation of production equipment.
Oil making equipment and personnel
List of necessary equipment for the production of sunflower oil with approximate prices:
- separator for primary cleaning of seeds - 50,000 rubles;
- rushaly-weaving machine for separating the peel - 70,000 rubles;
- roller machine for grinding seeds - 500,000 rubles;
- brazier - 350,000 rubles;
- press for wringing - 600,000 rubles;
- refining equipment - RUB 700,000;
- filling line - 300,000 rubles.
The total cost of the equipment will amount to about 2,570,000 rubles.
To service such a production line, it will take about 10-12 people, including a technologist. Special attention should be paid to the selection of candidates for the position of production technologist. Such a specialist should be well versed in GOSTs and other regulatory documents, understand the strategy and prospects for the development of the enterprise, and know methods for assessing production efficiency. His responsibilities will include control of incoming raw materials, participation in the development of a product quality system, technological support of the entire production cycle.
Requirements for other employees are minimal: they must be accurate and responsible. All employees of the enterprise must have personal medical books with up-to-date notes on professional examinations.
Current expenses of the company and estimated profit
The monthly expenses for the maintenance of the workshop consist of rent, wages, utilities and transport services, taxes, the cost of purchasing raw materials and consumables (containers).
The wholesale price of oilseed sunflower is about 15,000 rubles. for 1 ton. The capabilities of the equipment in our case allow us to process about 5 tons of raw materials per shift, that is, 150 tons per month. The cost of purchasing sunflower will amount to approximately RUB 2,250,000. The purchase of consumables will cost 200,000 rubles.
About 250,000 rubles should be budgeted for wages and insurance premiums for employees. For transportation costs, utilities and advertising - about 100,000 rubles more. The rent will be about 100,000 rubles. Total monthly expenses will be at the level of 2,900,000 rubles.
Now let's try to calculate the possible income. The average wholesale price of refined sunflower oil is 50 rubles. for 1 liter. From 150 tons of sunflower seeds, 60,000 liters of oil can be obtained. The proceeds from the sale of oil alone will amount to 3,000,000 rubles, and if you also sell your products through your own retail outlets, your income will increase.
In the total volume of the world market of sunflower oil, which is about 10 million tons, Russian production occupies a fifth. In other words, the production of vegetable oil in our country produces about 2.2 million tons of this product. Not only large enterprises supply sunflower oil to the domestic market. On the contrary, about half of the total volume is produced in small and medium-sized enterprises.
- Sunflower oil making process
- How much does butter making equipment cost?
- A step-by-step plan for starting a business
- How much can you earn
- How to choose equipment
- What OKVED should be indicated for the production of sunflower oil
- What documents are needed to open
- Do I need permission to open
Even by the standards of a small farm, the threshold for entering this business is low. There are also no problems with the sale of the product. If it is not possible to realize the entire produced volume in your region, then the export opportunities are practically unlimited. The consumers of sunflower oil are not only the population and the food industry. This product is used in the cosmetic, medical and paint industries. Another positive side of production is its zero waste. After pressing the oil, waste remains that are used for livestock feed, from which fuel pallets and so on can be made.
Sunflower oil making process
Sunflower oil production technology is presented below in the form of a table.
| P / p No. | Contents of operation |
| 1 | Sunflower cleaning from organic, inorganic and other types of impurities. For this, aspirators, stone collectors, separators are used. The raw material is blown with air, sifted through several types of sieves. |
| 2 | Sorting of seeds by size, dehulling, peeling, crushing of the core. The seeds are peeled from the husk by the method of impacts, compression, cutting or processing on a rough surface. Which method will be chosen - such equipment must be purchased. |
| 3 | Getting the oil itself. This can be done in several ways, direct extraction and conventional, single, cold or double pressing. |
| 4 | Purification of the product from impurities or refining. Chemical, physical, or combination methods are used. |
| 5 | Spilling oil into containers. Most often it happens automatically on special lines. |
| 6 | Usually the product is filled into polymer bottles. They are labeled and sealed. |
According to the degree of purification, sunflower oil is divided into refined and unrefined. The latter type is a mechanically refined product. Refined oil can be refined in several ways:
- settling;
- filtration;
- centrifugation;
- deodorization.
State standard GOST R 52465-2005 contains a list of seven types of product.
How much does butter making equipment cost?
Modern equipment for the production of sunflower oil allows you to produce everything in one plant. Separators for cleaning raw materials from debris cost about $ 1,500. For an hour, this apparatus allows you to prepare 1000 kg of raw materials for cleaning.
The cleaning procedure is also called collapse. The cost of the car for this stage is 3 thousand dollars. Its power should be the same as that of the separator. Therefore, these two units must process an equal amount of raw materials at the same time. The number of pairs of these units must meet the raw material needs of the main spinning line. After crumbling, all products go to one bunker. From there it is transported by conveyor to the extraction section. It starts with a roller mill. This equipment grinds the seed kernels. Its cost depends directly on the power. For example, a unit that is capable of processing 800 kg of raw materials per hour costs 13.8 thousand dollars. If you need to combine it with several separators and crumbling machines, then the price will start from 36 thousand dollars.
The line capacity is up to 12 tons / day, the cost is 1,930,000 rubles.
Enterprises equipped with the latest equipment are capable of processing up to 48 tons of raw materials per day. This amount of sunflower can be harvested from 19 hectares of land. Typically, the plant operates in a one-shift mode, but continuous production can be organized during the season.
After grinding, the raw materials go to the braziers. They are divided into two types according to the heating method: steam and fire. For both the first and second methods, gas burners are used. Only in the first case, water is heated and steam is formed, and in the second, the surface of a large boiler with raw materials is heated according to the principle of a frying pan. Steam frying allows you to get oil that does not have the specific smell of roasted sunflower seeds. Such equipment, capable of frying 800 kg of raw materials per hour, costs from 11.5 thousand dollars.
If you use cold pressing technology, you can exclude heating equipment. However, the oil yield will be much less. Then the raw material goes to the squeezing machine. They cost about 20-28 thousand dollars and are capable of pumping up to 25 tons of raw materials per day through extraction. After the press, the oil is defended for some time. All impurities are precipitated, and the product is driven through special filters. Their price starts at $ 3,000. One filter can clean 160 kg of oil per hour.
Sunflower oil production as a business.
The extraction method for obtaining the product allows you to increase its yield by 2%. At the factory, two methods can be combined. Usually, oil is obtained from waste after pressing. The final cake is called meal and is used to feed livestock. The line for filling the product into bottles costs 13 thousand dollars. It allows pouring 3600 liters of sunflower oil in one shift.
This business will be especially profitable on those farms that grow sunflower on their own. But you can also consider it as a separate production. Then you need to take care not only of the sale of finished products, but also of the purchase of raw materials in the required quantities.
A step-by-step plan for starting a business
In order not to lose capital investments when starting a business for the production of sunflower oil, a detailed analysis of the market in the region where it will be produced is carried out. Then the scheme of action, as for any production, is identical:
registration and purchase of equipment;
purchasing raw materials and hiring personnel;
search for sales channels for finished goods ...
How much can you earn
This business can be said to be waste-free. Here, earnings include not only the sale of sunflower oil itself, but also husk and meal. The cost of 1 liter is 35 rubles. Meal can be sold for 1.5 thousand rubles, and husk at a price of 9 thousand rubles per ton. If you set up production correctly, then the monthly income will be about 3,000,000 rubles. Less costs, we get a net profit of 2 million rubles.
How to choose equipment
For the full operation of production facilities, you will need to purchase:
oil press and seed roaster;
oil filter and separator.
What OKVED should be indicated for the production of sunflower oil
When choosing a code, look at Chapter C - Manufacturing Manufacturing. It contains a separate code that directly relates to the production of oils and fats - 10.41. It is this that we indicate in all the necessary documents.
What documents are needed to open
The list of required documents is standard. It is best to register as an individual entrepreneur when opening a mini-production (application and state duty, registration and a photocopy of a passport - all documents that must be provided). For legal entities, the list of documents is somewhat expanded. Additionally provided: Articles of Association and the decision of shareholders, information on the presence of a legal address, as well as on the director of the company and the chief accountant of the company.
What taxation system to choose for the production of sunflower oil
The best option when choosing a taxation system will be a simplified system. With her, a businessman will pay a tax amount equal to 6% of the total profit. Alternatively, upon presentation of documents confirming expenses, 15% of the net profit is paid.
Do I need permission to open
In cases of opening a production at home, you will not need to obtain permits. If a mini-production is opened, then it is necessary to think in advance about obtaining permits in the sanitary and epidemiological station and the fire inspection.
The production of sunflower oil as a business can bring large profits, therefore it is necessary to understand the technology and purchase suitable equipment.
This product is always in demand and finds its consumer. Sunflower oil is used not only in the food industry, but also in various fields of activity, such as soap making, cosmetology, and even the manufacture of paints and varnishes.
All this suggests that it is quite easy to find a consumer for sunflower oil. Moreover, this production is considered completely waste-free.
If the products do not find their consumer in Russia, they are easily sent abroad. Basically, Turkey and Egypt are considered the acquirer countries.
Technology
The production technology is a rather complex process and takes several steps. It is important to take a responsible approach to each stage, and then the business will definitely go uphill.
At each stage, pay attention to the quality of the raw materials, the equipment used and the qualifications of the workers. Only in this way will production costs become invisible, and profitability will become evident within a few months.
First step
- Production assumes complete cleaning of seeds from additional impurities and debris. This is done in two stages of processing: cleaning sunflower seeds in specialized separators; separation of the kernel from the husk.
- Grinding of seeds - a raw material is obtained from which oil will be subsequently made.
- The crushed seeds are sent to the brazier. Here the entrepreneur has a choice, since there are two types of braziers - fire and steam, which differ in the methods of seed treatment. A fire brazier resembles a huge boiler in its appearance, while the roasting process takes place with the help of gas burners. Steam broilers, in turn, process the mint with steam. There is another type of steam brazier. It is aimed at heat treatment of the seed. Thus, cold-pressed oil is obtained and time is saved for the production of the product, while the finished product does not have the specific smell of fried seeds.
- Peeled and processed and the kernels are pressed. As a result of the pressing work, oil is obtained. Production volumes depend on the type of equipment and the scale of the enterprise where the product is produced. Even a small workshop can provide profitable sunflower oil production and high volume production by pressing.
- The oil that has passed compulsory pressing is cooled. It needs to settle, after which the filtration process takes place to get rid of harmful impurities obtained as a result of the previous stages. This oil is called "raw" in industry, and all the materials left over from production are used in agriculture. In some cases, residual products are reused, due to which technology production even at a home plant is considered completely wasteless.
- The final stage of oil production is the elimination of possible impurities in its composition, getting rid of excess product fats, and in the case of refined sunflower oil - refining. Only after all the stages are observed, the product is packaged and sold on the market. At the same time, the manufacturing technology, storage and all sanitary standards must be observed.
If your plans include the production of more than 30 tons of product per day, you need to purchase a specialized creamery, which, in addition to the pressing line, will include a refining line. The negative feature of such a plant is its high price.
Small production volumes imply the purchase of separate equipment, among which there will be a pressing line (oil press), a product refining line and a packaging line.
Initial costs
Opening and developing an enterprise with your own hands is a rather costly project. Therefore, it is important to take care of the financial base in advance, which will serve as the basis for acquiring the necessary equipment, purchasing raw materials, advertising and selling a product.
Equipment costs
Delivery and installation costs
A separate column of expenses is to allocate working capital, which includes the purchase of raw materials, payment of additional costs, utility and rental payments for the premises. With the above scale of production, the amount of working capital will be three and a half million rubles. For the Russian Federation and Ukraine, prices may change in accordance with the dollar exchange rate and changes in the pricing policy of the equipment supplier.
Premises
For each type of equipment, you will need a separate production facility of a fairly large area. So, for a spin line, a room with an area of more than 50 square meters with high ceilings will be required, for a refining line - from 100 square meters.
It is also necessary to equip a room for a packaging line with an area of at least 60 square meters, additional rooms for storing raw materials and finished products, a room for administration and personnel.
The building must have all the necessary communications, including water supply and electricity. It is also important to provide a convenient transport access to the workshop for obtaining raw materials and loading finished oil for sale.
Staff
The selection of personnel plays an important role in the work of the enterprise. Even if the volume of production is small, about 25 employees are needed to work with the equipment. Among them should be:
- director;
- senior technologist;
- storekeepers;
- masters;
- shop workers;
- movers;
- truck drivers.
Income and expenses
With the production of five tons of product per day and with an investment of twelve million rubles on an area of 450 square meters, the rental cost of which is one hundred thousand rubles per month, it is possible to partially determine the approximate costs and incomes of the enterprise.
Cost calculation
Video: sunflower oil production as a business.