National composition of Russia Peoples of Russia: Atlas of Cultures and Religions List of meanings of a word or phrase with links to the corresponding ... Wikipedia
- “Peoples of Russia. Atlas of Cultures and Religions "includes basic information about the peoples inhabiting the Russian Federation at present. The first part of the publication presents the space of the Russian Federation in the synchronous and historical aspects and consists of ... ... Wikipedia
National composition of Russia Peoples of Russia: Atlas of cultures and religions Peoples of Russia: Encyclopedia encyclopedia, published by the publishing house "Great Russian Encyclopedia" in 1994 ... Wikipedia
Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia Ethnopsychological Dictionary
FINNO-UGORSK PEOPLES OF RUSSIA- the peoples of our country (Mordovians, Udmurts, Mari, Komi, Khanty, Mansi, Sami, Karelians) living in the north of the European part, in the northern, central and southern parts of the Urals and originating from the Ananyino archaeological culture (VII III ... ...
Turkic peoples of Russia Ethnopsychological Dictionary
TURKISH PEOPLES OF RUSSIA- representatives of the Turkic group of peoples of Russia (Tatars, Chuvash, Bashkirs, Tuvans, Khakass, Altai), who live today mainly in the Volga region, the Urals, Southern Siberia and Altai Territory and are quite distinctive, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy
- ... Wikipedia
Tungus-Manchu peoples of Russia Ethnopsychological Dictionary
TUNGUSO-MANCHURIAN PEOPLES OF RUSSIA- Yakuts, Nenets, Koryaks, Itelmens, Nanais, Orochi, Chukchi, Evenks, Evens, Eskimos living in the Far North, Siberia and the Far East of our country. Their representatives are distinguished by discipline, diligence, unpretentiousness in ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy
Books
- Peoples of Russia, A. Pantileeva (ed. - comp.). This album acquaints the reader with colored lithographs "The Peoples of Russia", made according to the drawings of E. M. Korneev, which the artist performed during his stay on an expedition to the most distant ...
Vladimir Lebedev
31.01.2012 - 16:27
Russia is a country of 100 nationalities. Who is not here only: the Tatars, and the Ukrainians, and the Azerbaijanis, and the Chechens, and the Mordovians. And all nations - honor by honor answer the question: “Who? What?". That is, they are nouns. And only one nation of Russia - Russians - answers the question “Which one? What kind?". That is, they are an adjective - a part of speech that describes the attributes of an object or its belonging.
Most likely, the word "Russian" is a truncated form of the broader expression "Russian people" or "Russian people". That is, people living in Russia (and, accordingly, belonging to Russia). That is, it is built exactly according to the same rule as the expression "Soviet people", from which the concept "Soviet", similar to the concept "Russian", has already begun to form.
In other words, “Russian” is a word as far from the concept of nationality as “Soviet”, which, as everyone knows, is based on the word “Soviet”. Moreover, the Council as a body of political power. In this sense, the Soviet people can just as well be called the "Parliamentary people" or "Mejlis people", meaning only the form of their state political structure.
And what was the political structure in Ancient Russia? Vechev. So why wasn’t the Russian people called “Vecheva”, but called “Russian”? Yes, because the adjective "Russian" refers our people by the fact of belonging not to the Veche, but to Russia, which was not the name of a state authority, but the State itself. More precisely: a kind of State, which, in fact, constituted the sign of distinctiveness, according to which our people received the name "Russian".
What kind of State is this and where was it? And this state was called, more precisely, the type of state - "Rus", and it was ... And where, by the way, was the state named Rus?
You will be surprised, but historians are still arguing about where Russia was: from the extreme north of Europe (Norman Rus) to the extreme south of Europe (Khazar Rus). Moreover, in both cases, historians do not know exactly what the name "Rus" originated from, for which they come up with a variety of toponymic explanations, which usually boil down to the fact that the river was called so, near which the Russian people lived.
We are such "cheap little people" that, unlike other peoples who proudly call themselves Chechens or Avars or even Bashkirs, they took and named themselves by the name of some river, which dries up almost every year, leaving the great and mighty Russian people without the backbone toponymic ridge.
Does this explanation of the name of the Russian people seem convincing to you? We don't. Moreover, we are firmly convinced that the Russian people is not our national name at all, just as the name Soviet people has never been the name of any people entering the USSR, which, as is known, was the World Empire. And empires are such huge formations that, of necessity, they are always divided into administrative allotments. Type of Satrapies in the Persian Empire or Ulus in the Tatar-Mongol horde.
So our ancient empire was divided into "Rus" or "Reichs": Great Russia, Little Russia, Kievan Rus, Lithuanian Rus. Estimate the last name: Lithuania + Rus. Can the word "Rus" with the obviously national identifier "Lithuanian" mean nationality? No.
What can she do? To denote the state form of division: a type of republic in the USSR. Do you know when the Empire began to be called the Republic? The Roman Empire (and we are talking only about it everywhere) began to be called the Republic after in the Empire, as a result of the massive resettlement of rural barbarians into cities, the cities turned into Polis - City-States, which first of all indicates that the United The Empire ruled by the One Emperor collapsed into Parts, that is, into Polis. On the very Polis, from which such words as "Ulus" (P + Olis = P + Ulus), and "Prusy" and "Rusy" were formed.
Are you asking what the word "Polis" itself means?
Yes, the same as the word “Ulus” or “Rus” - namely: Rez or Rezan or Ryazan (here is another Rus - Ryazan), which in modern language usually sounds like “Narez” (whoever has a dacha knows that it is), although in Russian historical literature they are usually called feudal "Allotments" (this is such a large plot of land with the City at its head that it is given into the possession of the Prince). Here is the word "Polis" (from which all the names of Rifles or Nadels in the world, including the German Reich, which is the Russian "Cut"), means only Cut, or, as they used to say - Useful (remember that the word "Cut "Used to start with the letter" L ", and the example of" Blades "instead of" Rezvia "is the best confirmation of this).
As a result, we see that the word "Rus", from which the name of our people originated, does not mean anything other than the name of Polis or Ulus, or Narez, to which we were attributed after the collapse of the Empire, which collapsed under the blows of the Barbarians of the Steppe - the same Tatar-Mongols or Perso-Arabs, who actually divided our United Roman-Egyptian Empire into their uluses or satrapies.
Now we will not delve into the details of this process, but will limit ourselves only to the question posed: What nationality were the Russians? Kiev (if we bear in mind that our national history begins with Kievan Rus)? Great (if we keep in mind that this was the name of Great Russia, within which the Great Russians lived - the present Russians)? Moscow (if we bear in mind that Moscow became a political center around which all parts of the defeated imperial people who moved from the Mediterranean to the North of Europe as a result of the Exodus of the Slavs gathered). There are no such nationalities and never have been (with the exception of offensive national nicknames such as "Moskal").
What is left in the remainder?
Only one name: the Slavs that appeared in Europe (including Northern Europe) exactly when the last bastion of the Empire, Byzantium, was invaded by the barbarians. It was at this time - and we are talking about the 5-6 centuries. AD - in Europe, out of nowhere, a huge column of Slavs appears - the mysterious Anty, consisting of 12 tribal unions, namely: Slovens, Krivichi (by the way, this is how we, Russians, are still called the Balts), Severyans, Drevlyans , Polyan, Dregovichi, Ulichi, Volynyan, Radimichi, Dulebov, Vyatichi, Horvat.
The question is: who were these mysterious Antas? And the Antas are none other than Vants or Venets or Veneds, known in history for the fact that they were immigrants from Rome (where they built Venice and all other Roman cities), and even earlier - from Troy, which, after the capture of it by the barbarians, they left the Danians under the leadership of Aeneas. And Troy - as we now reliably know it - is a city in Egypt, located in the First Memphis nome under the name Turov (with the etymology of Troy - C + Troy - Stroy or St + Roy, which in Egyptian sounds like "A Place at the Excavated Mountain" , which was Built, Swarming the Earth - and in this form we are talking about the Pyramid of Cheops).
In other words, speaking about the nationality of Russians, we, first of all, must proceed from the fact that Russians ... are Egyptians.
Second: Russians are the Romans (more precisely: the indigenous population of the Roman Empire, of which Egypt was a part)
Third: Russians are not just the main population of the empire, but also its indigenous ethnos, which was assimilated by the Barbarians of the Steppes as a result of the so-called Sinoikism, which actually resulted in the Degradation and Fall of the Empire, which turned into a plebeian Republic with its subsequent division into Polis or Ulus or Rus.
Fourth: the Russians are its original ethnic groups, successively expelled from the Empire, who did not want to mix with the Barbarians of the Steppes and preferred the Exodus from each new place of residence, if the Barbarians became the predominant population in it.
This is how the formula of the Three Romes arose: The First Rome is Troy, which the Russians left when the Arabs-Turks prevailed in it.
The second Rome was Rome, which the Russians left when the Roman Empire was conquered by the barbaric Turks, together with the Persians.
Moscow became the third Rome, which became the last Rome for the Russians, since there is nowhere to retreat for Moscow.
Based on materials from the Opponent magazine
Since ancient times, the Russian people have been famous not only for their unique and extremely interesting culture, but also for exciting games for both children and adults. However, time, warriors and the influence of European neighbors gradually overshadowed the ancient Russian games. Now they are beginning to revive and never cease to admire their liveliness, original ideas and tasks filled with noisy fun.
Having learned the simple rules of Russian folk games, you can immerse yourself not only in the exciting world of childhood, but also understand how our ancestors lived and rested.
Russian folk games and their rules
Spillikins
This game has been known since ancient times, however, very few people know its rules now. The point is that from 60 to 100 sticks 10 cm long are taken. They are placed in a bag and then poured onto a flat surface. The sticks, getting enough sleep, lie down randomly and the task of the game is that each one in turn removes one of the spillikins, trying not to disturb those that are nearby. The winner is the one who, after analyzing the whole heap, has the most collected "trophies". To make the game even more interesting, you can make sticks in the form of a spatula, spear or spoon. More points are awarded for such spillikins.
Golden Gate
This game is very dynamic and is designed not so much for the dexterity of its participants as for their luck. The rules of the Golden Gate are as follows: two players stand opposite each other and connect their hands in such a way that a gate is formed. The rest of the participants join hands and take turns walking through them. The players making up the gate hum at the same time:
Golden Gate
Not always missed!
The first time he says goodbye
The second time is forbidden
And the third time
We will not let you pass!
After the song ends, they lower their hand, and those players who are caught also become the gate. Thus, the chain of participants is gradually decreasing. The game ends the moment everyone becomes the gate.
Catch a fish
To win this game you need to have good reflexes and speed. The meaning of this fun is that the participants form a circle, in the center of which there is "water" with a rope and rotates it on the floor around its axis. The task of the participants is to jump over the rope. The game that catches on to it is out of the game.
Hot spot
This fun is perfect for those who like to play catch-up. Its meaning lies in the fact that in the center of the site is indicated a place that will be called hot. "Water" should try to catch participants who want to get to this place. The one who is caught helps the "water". If the player manages to reach the "hot spot", he can rest there as long as he wishes, however, having gone beyond it, he will again have to run away from the "water". The game lasts until all the players are caught.
Elephant
This game allows you to test strength and endurance, which is why boys love it most of all. The meaning of the game is that the participants are divided into two equal teams. After that, one of them will be an "elephant", and the other will jump on top of it. The first team member comes up to the wall and bends over, resting his hands on it. The next one comes up from behind and grabs him around the waist with his arms, tilting his head. The rest of the players do the same. It turns out "elephant". The first member of the other team runs up and tries to jump on the "elephant" so that there is room for the other team members. After the whole team is on the elephant's back to win, they must hold out for 10 seconds. After that, the teams can switch places.
Paints
This is a very active and fun game. According to its rules, you need to choose two participants: "monk" and "seller". The other players line up, and the seller whispers any color to them. After that, the following dialogue takes place:
A monk walks into a paint store and says to the seller:
I am a monk in blue pants, I came for paint. - For what?
The monk names the colors (for example, red). If there is no such color, the seller answers:
There is no such! Ride on the red carpet, on one leg, you will find boots, diarrhea, but bring them back!
At the same time, the monk is given a task: walk a duck or jump on one leg. If there is such a color, then the seller answers:
There is one! - What is the price? - Five rubles
After that, the monk slaps the seller's palm five times). As soon as the last clap sounded, the “paint” participant jumps up and runs around the line. If a monk catches up with him, then he himself becomes "paint", and the one who is caught takes his place.
Swan geese
This fun is for those who like active games. Its meaning is that from all the participants, two wolves and one leader are selected. Everyone else becomes geese. The leader needs to be on one side of the site, and the swans on the other. Wolves stand at a distance "in ambush". The leader pronounces the following words:
Geese-swans, go home!
Run, fly home, there are wolves behind the mountain!
What do wolves want?
Pinch gray geese and gnaw bones!
When the song ends, the geese must run to the leader and try not to be caught by the wolves. Those who are caught leave the game, and the rest come back. The game ends when the last goose is caught.
Turnip
The name of this game comes from the old Russian fairy tale "Turnip", so its meaning is somewhat similar to this work. It is great for developing reaction and coordination of movements.
The rules of the game are as follows: all participants stand in a circle and begin to lead a round dance. In its center is the "turnip" child, and behind the circle is the "mouse". All the players hum the following song during the round dance:
“Grow re-pon-ka!
Grow cre-pon-ka!
Neither small nor large
Up to the mouse's tail! "
While the song is playing, the turnip gradually "grows", that is, rises. After the end of the song, the mouse should try to penetrate the circle and catch the turnip. The rest of the participants can either interfere with her or help her. After the mouse catches the turnip, new players are selected.
There is another variation of this game.
The players stand one after another and wrap their arms around the waist of the previous participant. The first player must firmly hold onto the tree trunk. The game begins when the "grandfather" tries to unhook the extreme participant from the rest of the team, and so on, until the "turnip" is completely "stretched".
Salki
This is one of the most common variations of an active and physically developing game. Its participant disperses on the site, close their eyes, and at the same time hold their hands behind their backs. The presenter puts an object in the hand of one of the players on the count “one, two, three” all open their eyes. At the same time, the hands of the participants remain behind their backs. The player who has the object says: "I am a tag." The rest of the participants must run away from him, jumping on one leg. The one who is touched by the "tag" himself becomes "water". An important condition is that the "tag" must also jump on one leg.
Hitting the rope
This simple game will help you develop your reaction speed and have a lot of fun. Its meaning lies in the fact that a dense rope is taken, which is tied into a ring. All players stand outside and grasp it with one hand. There is "water" in the center of the ring. He must have time to "grease" one of the players, who then takes his place.
Robber Cossacks
This is an old Russian game, the rules of which our parents and grandparents know by heart. Its meaning lies in the fact that all participants are divided into two teams "Cossacks" and "robbers". Cossacks choose a place in which they will equip a "dungeon" and choose a watchman. At this time, the robbers scatter and hide, leaving arrows and other clues on their way. The Cossacks must find every robber and lead them to the dungeon. With each captured player, a guard remains, however, other rogues can help a teammate and, by grabbing the guard, free the prisoner. The game ends when all the robbers are caught.
The robbers, so that they cannot be found for as long as possible, first run away all together, and then separate.
According to one of the versions of this game, the robbers think of a secret password word, and the Cossacks must find it out. Therefore, the game continues even after the capture of all the robbers, until the password is found out.
"Quiet ride"
This noisy and fun game requires not only skill, but also resourcefulness. Before starting, you need to draw two lines on the ground at a distance of 5 meters from each other. In front of one of the lines there is "water", in front of the other - the rest of the players. The task of the participants is to reach the "water". Whoever does it first takes his place. The difficulty lies in the fact that "water" periodically says: "The quieter you go, the further you will be. Freeze! " After this phrase, all the players should freeze, and the goal of the presenter is to try to make each of the participants laugh without touching him. You can make grimaces, gaze into your eyes, tell funny stories. If any of the players laughed or smiled, he goes back to the line.
Teddy bear
This is a very active and fun game. First, you need to draw two circles on the ground. In one of them there will be a "den" with a "teddy bear", and in the other - a house for the rest of the participants. The players leave the “house” and hum: “Mushrooms, I take berries. But the bear does not sleep and growls at us. " After they have finished, the bear with a growl runs out of its den and tries to catch up with the rest of the players. The one who is caught becomes a bear cub himself.
Burners
This game was very popular in the olden days. She perfectly develops attention and speed. Its meaning is that 11 players choose water, and then split into pairs and form a column. "Water" turns its back to the participants and does not look back. A line is drawn in front of him, twenty meters away.
The participants hum the following song:
"Burn, burn, clear,
In order not to go out.
Look at the sky:
The birds are flying
The bells are ringing!"
After its completion, the last pair separates their hands and runs on opposite sides of the column towards the "water". Having caught up with him, they shout: "One, two, do not crow, run like fire!" After that, the "water" begins to chase this pair and must "grease" one of them, before they reach the line and join hands. If he succeeded, then he becomes paired with the remaining participant, and the one who was caught up performs the duties of "water". If it was not possible to catch up, then the pair becomes the head of the column, and the "water" continues to "burn".
This game is different in that it can be played for a very long time, until the participants get tired.
People invented ancient Russian games taking care of their children, with the idea that they would not only have fun and energetic time, but also learn to communicate with each other, learn the value of friendship and know what honesty and mutual assistance are. There is nothing better than outdoor fun, which helps not only to get out of the familiar stuffiness of closed rooms, but also to find true friends, see the world in all its mesmerizing colors, and also give freedom to your own imagination.
Modern children also consider old games, which we, modern adults, enjoyed playing in our childhood. These are "Ring", "The sea is worried", "Bouncers", "Classics", "Rubber" and others.
