Wall panels Wall panels
Buy wall panels in Moscow
Prefabricated construction of buildings, structures, there are two types: large-block and large-panel. In large-block buildings, the load-bearing, as well as the enclosing structure, is a wall of large blocks that bears the load from the roof and ceilings. In turn, protecting the interior of the structure from the cold. To speed up the construction process, they began to create building structures, the walls of which were made of large panels that exceeded the size of the blocks. Wall panels, the price of which is low, represent the most complex structure among the elements of prefabricated structures and buildings.
The complexity of the construction of wall panels is determined by comparing the requirements for them that are different in purpose and properties, such as:
- strength;
- heat and sound insulation;
- architectural design of the building.
Large-panel buildings are divided into frameless-panel and frame-panel buildings. The types of wall panels are the basis for dividing structures. Products can be load-bearing and enclosing, or only enclosing.
Wall panels, the dimensions of which are presented on the site, are produced for external as well as internal walls. Exterior wall panels are made with a single layer of lightweight or aerated concrete. Panels are layered from heavy concrete and insulated. Today, in the construction of residential buildings, the most common are single-layer wall slabs, three-layer ones are used somewhat less.
Wall panels: price and production
We offer high quality products at a reasonable cost. The price for wall slabs is the best in Moscow. The cost of all products depends on the type, size, materials of production. Per additional information about the price of wall panels, you can contact the specified phone number. Anler employee will be able to answer all your questions and provide professional advice.
Wall panels are made only of high quality materials. Outside, the products are finished with a layer of decorative concrete or mortar, they are also painted with weather-resistant compounds, or they are revetted ceramic tiles... Interior wall panels are manufactured in size per room.
The Anler company offers to buy wall panels. Our reinforced concrete products meet all the requirements of GOST, and the production process is carefully monitored by specialists. Therefore, you can feel free to contact our company. We guarantee not only high quality, but also the best prices in Moscow.
Reinforced concrete wall panels are widely used in modern construction, they are used in the construction of external walls of residential buildings, public and industrial buildings, as well as basement slabs.
Types of reinforced concrete wall panels
Reinforced concrete wall panels are classified into:
- carriers(perceiving the vertical load from their own weight and other building structures - roofs, floor slabs, etc.)
- self-supporting(curtain wall panels that only accept the load from their own weight and the weight of the panels located above)
- hinged(not intended to support building structures on them, with the exception of internal ones - doors, windows, gates)
Load-bearing wall panels are more often used in the construction of residential buildings, and hinged ones - in the construction of administrative structures.
External wall panels are made of light or heavy concrete; recently, expanded clay concrete wall panels have become the most widespread. Reinforced concrete panels are single-layer and multi-layer, with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene insulation, with an external protective and decorative layer, intended for both heated and unheated premises.
Marking of reinforced concrete products
All reinforced concrete products must be marked with indelible paint. It displays information about the technical side of the product and includes 3 groups of alphanumeric characters, separated by a hyphen. So, the first group denotes the type of product, the second informs about the type of concrete, reinforcement and the bearing capacity of the panel. The third group describes special characteristics.
Benefits of reinforced concrete panels
Modern three-layer reinforced concrete panels consist of an inner layer of heavy concrete, an insulating layer and an outer layer - architectural or ordinary heavy concrete, due to which they have a high load-bearing capacity. When using reinforced concrete panels for building a house, you can:
- reduce energy consumption costs
- use various sizes and configurations of panels, which will help to implement the most interesting planning and architectural solutions
- use effective mineral insulation
- minimize the cost of building erection due to the speed of their construction
Our company also offers to buy prefabricated reinforced concrete wall panels, which are increasingly used in private construction. Manufactured according to the type of constructor (each part is connected to neighboring elements in a special way), these panels form a solid and reliable structure that meets all safety requirements and long-term operation.
Concrete fence panels
Concrete fences are gaining more and more popularity. We offer customers to buy concrete panels for a fence, using them for fencing industrial enterprises, warehouse, summer cottage or private house.
In the construction industry, precast concrete products are the most commonly used products. Some samples are prepared directly at the site, but basically such structures are produced industrially. The use of ready-made panels significantly reduces the time of work and guarantees the exact fulfillment of all the requirements specified in the project documentation.
Technical conditions and manufacturing are regulated by GOST, depending on the purpose and features of the technology: for external walls - No. 12504 from 1980, internal - 11024 from 1984, products with insulation, three-layer - 31310 from 2005. There are a number of other documents - SNiP, TU enterprises, and so on.
Classification of wall panels
The division into certain groups is conditional, but it gives a more complete picture of the specifics of the use of specific samples. They all differ in several "parameters".
1. According to the implemented engineering solution.
- Composite (prefabricated).
- Monolithic.
In turn, they can be:
- three-layer - are reinforced concrete ribbed panels with a layer of insulation;
- two-layer (heat insulator + concrete with reinforcement). The insulation is fixed on the inner edge. The most common are mineral wool slabs, a layer of foam concrete or foam glass, which are covered with a cement screed on top;
- reinforced concrete single-layer panels with concrete of only one grade. Typically categorized as "light" or "extra light". Moreover, as a filler in solutions, various materials can be used - expanded clay, aggloporite, slag and some others. Their peculiarity is that one facet is treated with special cement, which facilitates the production of "finishing" finishes. During the installation process, the panel is placed with the expectation that this side of it "looks" into the building.
2. By resistance to load.
- Non-bearing.
- Self-supporting.
- Carriers.
- Carrying floors.
3. By the specifics of the application.
- Residential, administrative or public buildings.
- Engineering structures.
- Wall panels for industrial buildings.
- Attic rooms.
- Basement (technical) floors.
- For installation inside or around the perimeter (external).
4. By structure.
- Hollow or solid.
- One or more types of concrete.
All the listed differences are basic. But there are others that are associated with the specific use or some additional characteristics of reinforced concrete wall products. Samples differ in grades of concrete (from light to heavy), binding (gypsum, cement), type of reinforcement, as well as a number of other parameters (type of metal, its preparation, location of embedded elements, etc.).
The range is so extensive that it makes no sense to list all the varieties. Moreover, manufacturers produce designs, as a rule, for a specific order and are guided by the specifications provided by the buyer. For example, with already built-in blocks (window, door) or with openings prepared for a certain size.
Product features
1. Good load-bearing capacity and increased strength.
2. Fast installation. All reinforced concrete wall panels are distinguished by strict geometry and exact coincidence of the locations of fasteners ("embedded").
3. The use of multilayer products allows you to save time and materials for heat and sound insulation of buildings.
4. Resistance to thermal effects, aggressive environments, temperature fluctuations.
5. Preliminary preparation of the base for the "finishing" finish is not required, since they differ in the evenness of the edges.
6. Possibility of using in the construction of structures of any purpose.
Dimensions (edit)
They depend on several parameters: wall cuts (single-row, strip, combined), type of panel (including window sill, wall) and are tied to the modulus "M". Limits of linear dimensions - in "mm".
For external walls:
- length - from 300 to 8 400;
- height - from 600 to 8 400;
- thickness (for combined cutting) - from 200 to 400.
For internal:
- length - from 1,200 to 7,500;
- height - from 2 800 to 4 200;
- thickness - from 60 to 300.
Marking
1. Reinforced concrete wall external panels.
The first position is a number. Feature of manufacturing technology:
- from 1 to 3 - solid;
- from 4 to 6 - compound.
The second is a letter. Type of reinforced concrete wall panel: H - external.
Third position. Application specifics:
- C - for walls;
- C - technical (basement) floors;
- H - (attic rooms).
The last group is also letters. They give an idea of some of the design features of a reinforced concrete wall product (location and configuration of openings, end zones, reinforcing outlets, etc.).
2. Panels reinforced concrete internal.
Here the designation is somewhat different. Let's just note the differences.
Second letter:
- C - for load-bearing products.
- G - for non-bearing.
- B - walls.
- P - basement (technical) floors.
Fourth: there is in the designation only of composite reinforced concrete panels - S.
approximate cost
It is difficult to give exact numbers. And the point is not only in the large assortment, but also in the peculiarities of the manufacturing technology, the grade of concrete, the type of reinforcement (mesh or frame) and a number of other indicators are taken into account. Therefore, instead of price lists, a calculator is placed on the websites of manufacturers, with which you can calculate the approximate cost of the panel only after entering the initial data. And if there is a list of products, then to clarify the price of a sample, it is proposed to make a call to the specified number.
To have a general idea of the price of reinforced concrete panels, you can focus on the following averaged (and very approximate) figures (rubles / m2):
- single-layer - from 3 100;
- two-layer - from 3 650;
- three-layer - from 4 850.
Buying used wall reinforced concrete panels will be cheaper, since the price depends on the degree of wear and tear. But given the specifics of the production of products, experts do not advise using them in critical areas. Even a professional who has discovered signs of a hidden defect will need special equipment to carry out a complete diagnosis and give recommendations for further use of the panel.
Concrete and various products made from it are an integral part of the modern construction industry. Exists great amount brands and types of reinforced concrete, as well as various types of construction products from it. For both industrial and civil construction, reinforced concrete wall panels are produced, which will be discussed in this article.
Reinforced concrete panels are elements of wall structures and are manufactured in the factory from concrete reinforced with metal reinforcement cages or special meshes, and are characterized by high resistance to fire and strength. They are produced from concrete of different grades, and can be both external and external. Wall panels, external reinforced concrete and internal ones, can be produced with the use of heat-insulating materials - a warmed version, or without, which is most typical for internal elements of reinforced concrete wall structures.
Standard size
Reinforced concrete panels for the construction of walls are the most different sizes... Designs, technical requirements and standard sizes are defined in GOST 11024–84 for internal and in 12504–80 for external, as well as SNiPs, technical conditions, in industry and local standards.
The dimensions of the slabs, the size and number of openings, as well as the required layer thickness, indicated in the plan and taking into account the floor planning and structural schemes of the building, are all determined in accordance with the customer's project documents and are the main parameters for their selection and purchase. Knowing this, offers to buy used wall reinforced concrete panels do not cause much response from buyers.
They are produced both for installation on steel and reinforced concrete frames, and can be used for the construction of both unheated and heated structures. They are produced for residential construction and can have dimensions of 6x1.2 and 12x1.8 meters. Wall panels for industrial buildings are produced in lengths of 6, 9 and 12 m. From lightweight concrete, for walls with separate window openings, special wall slabs are produced with a length of 3 and 1.5 meters, and for doorways make slabs of 1.48 and 2.98 m in size.
External structures can be fitted with door and glazed window blocks... The climatic conditions of the region where the structure is being built, as well as the thermal characteristics of the materials used, determine the thickness of reinforced concrete panels for walls, which can vary from 20 to 50 cm.
Main types
All reinforced concrete panels for walls, conventionally, are classified according to the parameters that determine their types:
1. The functional purpose of structures and buildings:
- for the construction of multi-storey buildings;
- technical underground and basement structures;
- construction of attic spaces.
2. Applied constructive solutions:
- composite;
- with one-piece structure.
3. The number of main layers:
- single-layer;
- two-layer;
- three-layer.
Panels for the construction of walls have a different structure, which is why they receive and transmit the loads placed on them in different ways, which gives reason to subdivide them into:
- hinged;
- carriers;
- self-supporting.
Features of sandwich panels
Reinforced concrete single-layer panels are made of such lightweight aerated concrete as aerated and foam concrete, with aggregates such as, for example, aggloporite, perlite, slag, expanded clay. The thickness of the outer protective outer layer ranges from 2 to 4 cm. Their inner surface, in most cases, is covered with decorative finishing cement, which is then used for finishing.
Two-layer panels are made in the form of two ribbed slabs of large-porous expanded clay concrete, on the inner side of which such insulation materials as foam stone, mineral wool slabs, foam glass or foam concrete are fixed. The thermal insulation layer is placed inside the building and covered with a protective layer of cement.
Three-layer - these are reinforced concrete ribbed wall panels, between which insulation is laid. The layers made of reinforced concrete are interconnected by reinforcing welded cages. The thickness of the inner layer of the insulation is performed according to the heat engineering calculation.
How much are?
Despite the high demand, this building material is not very expensive. Today manufacturers sell reinforced concrete wall panels, starting from 3,500 rubles / m2, for the simplest single-layer and from 5,000 rubles / m2 for three-layer ones.
Marking
Any reinforced concrete product, including panels manufactured by the manufacturer and corresponding to the requirements of GOST, is marked with indelible paint containing all information about the main characteristics of the product. It consists of three groups of alphanumeric characters and a hyphen separating them.
In the first group, the type of product is determined, in our case PS is a wall panel. In the second group, the type of concrete, the class of reinforcement, the bearing capacity are indicated, for example, I - aerated concrete. The third group reveals the special properties of concrete products, corresponding to the special conditions of their use, for example, the index "H" indicates the bottom, and "B" - the top.
The table shows the currently accepted markings:
Reinforced concrete panels for the construction of walls are in constant demand, which is due to both the high speed of construction of structures and not very high labor intensity of construction, and the possibility of almost year-round construction. In addition, the performance characteristics of these products such as high load-bearing capacity, durability and good thermal capacity also contribute to the popularity of this material among builders.
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Reinforced concrete panels are widely used in the construction of industrial facilities, public buildings and residential buildings. At one time, more than half a century ago, their appearance in our country was a revolutionary breakthrough in the mass construction of housing, which made it possible to increase the rate of construction of buildings tenfold.
Since then, construction technologies have made great strides forward. High requirements are imposed on modern wall reinforced concrete panels. They must be high-strength, durable, environmentally friendly, and heat-efficient.
What is reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete is a monolith made of concrete and metal reinforcement. Reinforced concrete structures have been used in construction for a long time, but they were widely used in the twentieth century. The combination and interaction of such different materials turned out to be very effective: concrete adheres firmly to metal reinforcement, reliably protecting it from corrosion. Steel and concrete successfully complement each other in terms of resistance to various types of load.
Concrete is more resistant to compression, while steel, on the other hand, has a high tensile strength. High density is considered a big disadvantage of reinforced concrete products, but this problem is solved in modern conditions through the use of aerated concrete and light concrete mixtures with the addition of artificial or natural porous aggregates.
Reinforced concrete structures have fire resistance and durability. They do not require any protective measures against adverse weather conditions. The reinforcement inside the concrete does not corrode, and the concrete itself becomes even stronger over time. Reinforced concrete is characterized by high bearing capacity, resistance to static and dynamic loads. Reinforced concrete products are suitable for creating structures and structures of a wide variety of shapes and help to achieve expressive architectural solutions.
The main volume in the composition of reinforced concrete is occupied by common building materials - sand, crushed stone, gravel. Application finished products made of reinforced concrete allows for high rates of construction of residential buildings and industrial facilities.
What are concrete goods
Reinforced concrete products are subdivided:
Reinforcement:
- pre-stressed;
- reinforced in the usual way.
By density and class of concrete:
- especially heavy, density from 2500kg / m3;
- heavy, density - 1800-2500kg / m3;
- lightweight, density up to 1800kg / m3;
- especially light, density - 700kg / m3.
By the composition of the binder:
- cement-concrete;
- silicate-concrete;
- gypsum-concrete.
By structure:
- solid;
- hollow;
- one type of concrete;
- different types of concrete.
By intended purpose
- for public and residential buildings;
- for industrial facilities;
- for engineering structures.
How concrete products are made
The production of reinforced concrete products and parts for construction work is carried out in an industrial way at specialized enterprises.
Precast concrete factories, as a rule, produce products intended for the construction of residential buildings and industrial facilities. These are floor slabs, partitions, wall panels, foundation blocks, trusses, flights of stairs, columns. Some factories produce sleepers, shaft supports and other reinforced concrete products for special purposes. Each product has its own technology and reinforcement system. For example, prestressed reinforced concrete is used in the production of floor slabs and lintels.
What are the methods of manufacturing reinforced concrete products
Stand method
Designed for the manufacture of large-sized items.
Reinforced concrete products are prepared in fixed forms. Special mechanisms, concrete pavers and vibrators, one after another approach the stand to carry out technological operations.
Cassette method
It is a modification of the bench method. Reinforced concrete products are molded in stationary cassettes containing several metal mold-compartments. A reinforcing cage is placed in the molds and filled with a concrete composition. Heat treatment is carried out by a contact method through the walls of the molds. After heating, the walls of the molds are removed, and the reinforced concrete products are removed using an overhead crane. The cassette method is used for the manufacture of flat concrete products: floor panels and walls.
Stream-aggregate method
Forms with reinforced concrete products move along the technological chain from one unit to another. Heat and wet processing takes place continuously.
Vibration rolling method
The entire technological cycle is carried out on one production unit of in-line operation - a vibrating mill. Vibro-rolling mill is a conveyor forming belt made of rubberized steel. The belt moves along the technological posts, where it is sequentially carried out: laying of the reinforcing cage and concrete mixture, vibration compaction of concrete, contact heat treatment... Thus, floor slabs, external wall reinforced concrete panels from lightweight concrete mixture, partition panels are manufactured.
Technical requirements for concrete products
A number of technical requirements are imposed on reinforced concrete structures in general and wall panels in particular:
- Exact dimensions and geometries. Optimal design of assemblies and connections. The exact location of the embedded elements.
- Compliance with the weight and dimensions of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures to the operational capabilities of lifting and transport vehicles.
- Dimensions of reinforced concrete structures within the limits of tolerances and deviations established by GOST 130-15.4-84.
- The dimensions of the embedded elements are in accordance with the design values with an error of no more than ± 5 mm.
- The permissible displacement of the axes of the embedded elements for columns, beams and trusses is no more than 5 mm, for other concrete products - no more than 10 mm.
- The location of embedded parts is flush with the surface of reinforced concrete products or higher, no more than 3 mm.
- High-quality processing of products and no need for additional finishing.
How is the transportation and storage of reinforced concrete products carried out?
Concrete products are usually transported by trucks. Large-sized concrete products are transported on special vehicles. Wall panels are delivered by panel trucks. Concrete products are unloaded using a crane. The storage of concrete products is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST and TU. Reinforced concrete products are stacked with assembly loops up. Their position must correspond to the installation conditions during construction work. During transportation and storage, reinforced concrete products may be damaged.
Therefore, it is important to follow the rules for storing concrete products, even if construction is planned in the coming days. The storage area must have a level surface. It is necessary to exclude the contact of concrete products with the ground. If there is no canopy, use a covering material. Wooden blocks are laid between the floor slabs to reduce stress.
Wall reinforced concrete panels
Large panel prefabricated buildings have been designed to accelerate the pace of construction. Wall panels are used for the construction of exterior walls in residential, public and industrial buildings.
The wide demand in construction is explained by the main characteristics of wall reinforced concrete panels:
- high strength;
- load bearing capacity;
- good thermal insulation;
- fire resistance;
- resistance to temperature extremes.
Prefabricated wall concrete panels are manufactured industrially. They are made of concrete with steel mesh or reinforcement cage reinforcement.
For the insulated version of internal and external wall reinforced concrete panels, heat-insulating materials are used.
Reinforced concrete panels are used for the construction of plinths, technical underground, above-ground floors and attics.
Wall panels are the most complex element of building structures. This is due to a complex of various technical and functional requirements: resistance to loads, high heat and sound insulation, architectural design.
Wall reinforced concrete panels have various standard sizes approved by GOST. Reinforced concrete wall panels are distinguished by their fire resistance and high durability.
Types of large-panel construction
Large-panel construction is divided into two categories: frameless and frame. This division depends on the type of wall panels: load-bearing and enclosing or only enclosing. In buildings of frameless-panel type, the floor load falls on the wall panels. In frame-panel structures, frames perform the bearing function, and wall panels serve for heat and sound insulation.
Wall panels are used for the construction of external and internal walls. External panels are of two types: one-layer made of lightweight or aerated concrete and layered made of heavy concrete with a heat insulator. Single-layer reinforced concrete wall panels are widely used in housing construction.
From the outside, wall panels are covered with decorative mortar, concrete, weather-resistant compound or ceramic tiles. The inner surface of the wall reinforced concrete panels is leveled and prepared for painting or wallpapering.
Door and window blocks are placed in the openings of the wall panels. The height of the wall reinforced concrete panels is equal to the height of the floor, the width is designed for 1-2 rooms - 3000-7200 mm, thickness - 200-350 mm. The dimensions of the interior wall panels correspond to the perimeter of the room. The thickness of the inner wall panels is 30-160 mm.
Classification of wall reinforced concrete panels
There are various classifications of wall reinforced concrete panels, depending on the principle taken as a basis: typical features, functional purpose in the building, composition and structure.
By design
Panels are divided into solid and composite panels. The number of layers varies from one - single-layer panels, to several - three or two-layer panels. Laminated wall panels are either monolithic or with air spaces.
- Single-layer wall panels are made from homogeneous materials with low thermal conductivity. The thickness of the outer side is 20-40 mm. The inner side of the panel is covered with decorative trim.
- Two-layer panels have a solid structure and consist of a load-bearing and heat-insulating layers. As a rule, the carrier layer is made of dense reinforced concrete and is the inner side during installation. At the same time, it carries out a vapor barrier function. The second layer, heat-shielding, is located outside and covered with cement mortar.
- Three-layer wall panels are assembled from two reinforced concrete slabs with insulation between them. Reinforced concrete layers are connected with welded reinforcing cages.
By bearing capacity
- Carriers.
- Hinged.
- Self-supporting.
By intended use
Wall panels are used for the installation of multi-storey buildings, basements, underground for communication systems, attics.
Characteristics of various types of wall reinforced concrete panels
External wall reinforced concrete panels
Height from floor and length up to 6 m. Designed for the construction of prefabricated heated buildings. Composition - lightweight concrete with a porous aggregate, aerated concrete, heavy concrete with a heat-saving layer.
Reinforced concrete panels for unheated buildings and internal load-bearing walls
Large-sized panels with a floor height and a length of up to 6 m for the construction of prefabricated buildings. Made from heavy or light concrete mixes... For external wall panels, heavy concrete is used, starting with class B15, for internal - from class B12.5.
Partition panels
Large-sized panels with a floor height and a length of up to 6 m for the construction of prefabricated buildings. For the manufacture of reinforced concrete partition panels, high-strength concrete or gypsum concrete is used, which is characterized by high frost resistance and water resistance. Panel partitions are reinforced with steel wire meshes or rods made of thermo-mechanically strong steel At-IIIc and A-III. All metal elements are treated with a special anti-corrosion compound.
Single layer wall panels
For the manufacture of single-layer wall reinforced concrete panels, materials with a homogeneous structure and high thermal insulation are used. For example, lightweight aerated concrete. The outer walls of the panels are covered with a finishing layer 2-4 cm thick to protect against negative factors external environment... Cement plaster and various cladding materials are used as the finishing of the interior walls.
Wall reinforced concrete panels of two-layer type
Wall reinforced concrete panels of a two-layer type most often have a solid structure. The first layer is a load-bearing layer made of concrete high density with preliminary reinforcement. The second layer is used for thermal insulation. The thermal insulation layer is located on the outside and covered with cement plaster. The carrier layer faces the inner side and additionally performs a vapor barrier function.
Wall reinforced concrete panels with a three-layer structure
The most popular today are three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels.
The three-layer panel structure consists of an external main load-bearing element to which the internal wall panels are attached. Thanks to the space between them, the heat loss of the building is reduced.
There are various modifications of multilayer panels, which consist of two reinforced concrete slabs and a heat insulator (mineral and stone wool, cement fiberboard, polyurethane, foam silicate).
External and internal wall panels are connected into a single structure using welded steel reinforcement cages. Three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels have typical dimensions and differ in thickness. The thickness of the wall panels is selected taking into account the thermal parameters and climatic conditions of the area. This type of panels is made from durable lightweight concrete or heavy concrete with compressive strength B12.5 - B15. Reinforcement of slabs is carried out using welded meshes or volumetric frames made of high-strength steel. All reinforcement and embedded elements are covered with an anti-corrosion compound. The properties of three-layer reinforced concrete panels are strictly regulated by the requirements and standards of GOST 31310-2005, GOST 13015-2003.
Standard size
The main parameters when choosing wall panels made of reinforced concrete are the dimensions indicated in the plan, taking into account the structural schemes of the building and the floor plan.
The dimensions of the panels, the number and size of openings, the technical properties and the thickness of the layers are determined according to the customer's project documentation.
Reinforced concrete wall panels have various standard sizes, which are regulated by GOST.
Typical panel sizes: width with a typical room and height with a floor. External wall panels are equipped with built-in window and door blocks, solid interior panels or with door openings.
The thickness of the panels is 20-30 cm, one square meter of the panel is 5-7 times lighter than the standard brick wall the same area. Precast factories produce wall panels for residential construction for 1-2 rooms, and for industrial buildings in lengths of 6, 9 and 12 meters. Factory panels are completely ready for installation. For example, panels with window filling and glazing are produced for residential buildings. The thickness of the wall panels depends on the climatic conditions of the region and the heat engineering parameters of the materials used and is 20-50 cm.
Wall panels transportation rules
Prefabricated wall concrete panels are manufactured at the factory. They are large in size and require the use of special equipment for delivery to construction sites. Reinforced concrete panels are lifted, immersed and unloaded using special gripping devices or by mounting loops. Reinforced concrete panels are delivered on panel trucks, railway platforms. Trucks are equipped with special fastening and supporting devices and ensure the immobility and safety of the panels.
Panel carriers are designed to accommodate two panels. Panels are transported almost vertically, at a slight angle, maximum 8-10 degrees. The panels are securely fixed, which prevents them from being damaged or overturned.
Warehousing and storage of wall panels
The panels are stored in cassettes in a vertical position or with a slight tilt. Each panel is placed on wooden supports 30 mm high. When storing and transporting multi-layer panels, the supports are placed only under the load-bearing layer. If there are protruding elements in the lower part of the panel, the supports are installed 20 mm higher than their height. The cassettes with panels are placed on level areas with a solid base.
Reinforced concrete panel house
It has already become a long tradition to erect various building objects from such structures as wall reinforced concrete panels, floor slabs, foundation blocks. Now there is an opportunity to build a house from reinforced concrete materials according to a specially developed project.
In the prefabricated construction of buildings, concrete wall panels are especially in demand. These are complex structures with high strength, sound insulation, and thermal efficiency. Modern wall panels are produced ready-made, practically do not require additional decorative finishing and give the building a modern architectural style. According to the design features of the walls, prefabricated construction is divided into two types: large-panel and large-block. In large-block houses, the bearing and enclosing function is performed by a wall of blocks. In large-panel buildings, wall panels serve as the bearing and enclosing base.
The advantages of large-panel construction
- Fast pace of construction.
- Long service life of buildings.
- Resistance of structures to static and dynamic loads.
- Moisture resistance.
- Universal use of slabs for the construction of objects for various purposes.
Disadvantages of large-panel construction
- Heavy weight (eliminated with lightweight aggregates).
- Lower sound and heat insulation compared to brick houses.
- The need to use special equipment for transportation and installation.
- Inability to control the wear of building structures for early detection and elimination of a defect.
Houses built from reinforced concrete wall panels have high resistance to static and dynamic loads, as well as resistance to the action of physicochemical and biological factors.
What are the types of installation of wall reinforced concrete panels
Despite the rapid development of monolithic construction, reinforced concrete products are still in great demand in the construction market due to their high performance characteristics. Installation of wall panels is carried out in various ways, the choice of which is determined by the principle of assembly, the type of equipment and fixtures, the design features of the mating of the wall and partition panels. Installation of wall reinforced concrete panels is carried out in a vertical way with sealing of seams. Internal finishing works and installation of technical communications are carried out taking into account the high strength of concrete and the presence of a reinforcing device for wall panels.
Free assembly
Free assembly - installation of panels on the risk of ceilings. With the help of braces and corner clamps, a stable position and temporary fastening of individual panels is ensured.
Fixed mounting
Fixed installation (limited free) - installation using group equipment. First, the base panels (transverse and longitudinal) are verified and rigidly fastened together with a permanent connection. Then the next transverse panels are mounted. Wall elements are immediately placed in a vertical position.
Castle installation
Self-locking is a method of installation using locking latches. The locking method is suitable for panels with fixing parts. In the lower part of the panel, they are fastened with pin-type latches, and in the upper part - with locking latches.
Suspended mounting method
The outer and inner wall panels are installed, then slinged in two to four places, depending on the size of the structure, using flexible slings and various traverses.
Prior to the installation of load-bearing wall panels, the marks of the lower edge of the wall panels (assembly horizon) are determined and fixed on the floor and a plastic cement mortar is spread.
Installation of external wall panels begins with a panel remote from the crane, after which they are installed interior walls, and then the panels of the outer wall closest to the faucet.
After installation in place, the wall panel is calibrated in a free way along the lower base or with clamps (locking method). Next, the vertical position of the wall panel is verified on the outside.
The complex (group) equipment for the installation of panels and temporary fastening are verified and prepared. Then the inner panels are mounted. After installing the base panels, install the following ordinary panels. They are fully fixed after the installation of adjacent and adjacent longitudinal wall panels. Before installing the next inner wall panel, concrete mortar is spread in its place. After the panel is aligned, the concrete solution is compacted on both sides.
Suspended panels of multi-storey buildings are installed after the construction of the supporting structures. Pre-determine the position of prefabricated elements according to the project.
Large panels are placed and aligned in the transverse direction. Wall panels are adjusted in height. First, the end part of the panel is fixed in height, then the lower edge of the panel is fixed, and then the vertical position of the panel is controlled.
The outer wall panels of one-story houses are installed to the entire height of the building. Self-supporting wall panels are placed at the bottom of the foundation beams on a layer of mortar. In all subsequent rows, the panels are mounted one on top of the other on a layer of concrete mortar.
Wall panel marking
The brand of wall reinforced concrete panels has an alphanumeric designation with hyphens.
- The first fragment of symbols indicates the type of panel and dimensions: length, height (dm), thickness (cm).
- The second fragment indicates the class (brand) and type of concrete: T - heavy concrete, L - lightweight concrete, I - autoclaved aerated concrete.
- The third fragment of the marking contains additional information about the characteristics of reinforced concrete panels: C - seismic resistance more than 7 points, M - frost resistance below -40 ° C. Permeability indicators: H - normal, P - low, O - especially low. This part of the marking includes designations of the design features of wall panels: shape; configuration of end zones, presence, type and location of openings; the presence and shape of the punches in terms of the abutment of adjacent structures, the type and location of reinforcement outlets and embedded products, the presence of reinforcement to reduce the load due to uneven deformation of the base (subsidence, swelling, frozen, peat, bulk soil).
Example: PS 240-300-14
- PS - wall panel;
- 240 - length;
- 300 - height;
- 14 - width.
Price and quality of wall panels
The strength and durability of wall reinforced concrete panels depends on the quality of the raw materials, adherence to technological rules and calculations. The grade of concrete for the manufacture of panels is selected accordingly technical requirements... For the outer layer, 3 types of coating are used: on fresh concrete, on hardened concrete and tiling.
Reinforced concrete products must comply with GOST and SNiP documents. For fire safety purposes, the fire resistance limit and flame propagation along the wall are taken into account. It is obligatory to have a quality guarantee for all types of products and services provided.
Dimensions and shape of wall reinforced concrete panels, number and size of openings, thickness and arrangement of layers are determined according to the customer's project documentation. As a rule, manufacturers of reinforced concrete products post prices and calculators on their websites, with the help of which you can calculate the cost of wall panels, taking into account their dimensions, the structure of a functional accessory. You should also inquire about the cost of transportation of concrete products and loading and unloading operations.
Large-panel technologies are still a promising direction in construction. The use of new materials, compositions and design solutions in the production of concrete wall panels allows to optimize the construction process and ultimately make housing more affordable, comfortable and safe.