Redevelopment of their homes, including in panel houses, is done today by many real estate owners. This procedure usually allows you to improve the apartment not only in terms of comfort, but also aesthetics.
One of the main operations performed during redevelopment is the arrangement of openings in the walls. Such work, of course, must be done with strict observance of all the required technologies and only after agreement with the relevant authorities. An incorrectly equipped opening in the load-bearing wall of a panel house can cause distortion, cracking or even collapse of its critical structures.
Where can you do
Depending on the function performed, the walls in city apartments can be:
- carriers;
- non-bearing.
Openings are allowed in both of these types of enclosing structures. The load-bearing walls in the apartment perform a very important task - they support the floor slabs of the overlying floor. The law allows making openings in them, but not in all places. It is possible to break through such enclosing structures only if this procedure does not weaken the building structures. If the opening in the load-bearing wall of a panel house is made with violations, this will certainly affect the operational characteristics and service life of the entire high-rise building. For such illegal redevelopment, apartment owners are punished with a fine.
Punching an opening in a curtain wall, of course, cannot lead to any sad consequences for the structures of the building. However, such an operation is still officially considered a redevelopment and, accordingly, requires registration. In this case, it will be necessary to make changes to the apartment scheme. That is, remove the pledged doors from the drawing and mark the new ones.
Opening in the load-bearing wall of a panel house: coordination
Exactly what functions this or that wall in the apartment performs, you can see in the diagram in the data sheet. The structural envelope will be marked with thick lines in this drawing. Punching an opening in a curtain wall can be done without first visiting the controlling organization. In this case, after the end of the work, you will only need to contact the BTI to make the necessary changes to the data sheet.
Before proceeding with the organization of an opening in the bearing wall of a panel house, you need to collect all the necessary documents and send them to the Housing Inspectorate (for residential apartments) or to the prefecture (for non-residential premises). In this case, you will need the following papers to obtain permission for redevelopment:
- technical passport of the premises;
- conclusion on the possibility of arranging the opening;
- redevelopment project;
- permits from Rospotrebnadzor, DEZ, fire services.
In exactly the same way, a procedure such as a panel house should be carried out. Such an operation, of course, can also cause a weakening of the structures of a high-rise building.
Who to contact
The conclusion about the possibility of punching a new opening is given by the organization that once designed the house. If such a company does not already exist, you can contact any other company of similar specialization that has the appropriate license.
In order to get a redevelopment project, engineers will need to be called at home. Experts will make measurements and give the necessary recommendations regarding the possibility of arranging the opening, as well as a suitable location for its location.
A responsibility
Sometimes apartment owners break through new doors in the load-bearing walls of panel houses without prior approval and registration of this procedure. If such in the apartment is subsequently revealed, the owners of the real estate will be sure to write out a fine. The amount for an unauthorized doorway in a load-bearing wall, including a panel house, will most likely have to be paid for a small amount. However, if the housing commission reveals the fact that the changes made to the layout of the apartment have become the reason for the weakening of the house's structures, the owners will be obliged to return everything to its place. That is, the money for repairs in this case will be wasted.
Moreover, it may turn out that the owner of the apartment on his own will not be able to correct the consequences of his rash actions properly. In this case, he will have to contact the organization that was engaged in the design and construction of the house. Builders can ask for a very large amount for the restoration of the wall, or even refuse to do this work. In the latter case, according to the law, the apartment can even be put up for auction.
An already existing opening in the load-bearing wall of a panel house: how to legalize
It is imperative to agree on such a redevelopment in advance. Legalizing an existing opening is a rather complicated and time-consuming procedure. In this case, the apartment owners will also have to contact the building designer or any other licensed company of the same specialization. Next, you will need to follow the instructions given by the engineers. Most likely, experts will oblige the apartment owners to either lay an opening in the panel bearing wall, or perform any work to strengthen it. In any case, a fine will be issued to the owners of real estate who have performed illegal redevelopment.
Rules for arranging openings in panel houses
Such a redevelopment is being carried out in high-rise apartments, of course, in compliance with certain standards. It is technologically, in principle, not difficult to make an opening in the load-bearing wall of a panel house. However, before that, you usually have to perform rather complex calculations. First of all, it will be necessary to determine the stress vector of the enclosing structure. This work is usually performed by specialists. But in order to find out whether such a redevelopment is possible at all and whether it is worth contacting the design organization, an approximate preliminary calculation, of course, can be done independently. To do this, you will need to use special tables or a special online program on the Internet.
In most cases, engineers, among other things, instruct apartment owners to reinforce new openings in panel walls. This procedure is supposed to be performed using a corner, for example, 100x63x8 mm. Channel bars, according to existing standards, are categorically not allowed to be used for this purpose.
Also, according to SNIP, it is supposed to equip openings at a distance of at least 1 m from adjacent walls or already existing doors. When punching, in no case should you touch the columns and pillars or the joints between floor slabs, beams, etc.
Width doorways in the load-bearing walls of panel houses with a standard layout, according to the standards, it cannot be more than 90 cm.Only in some cases, the housing commission can give permission to increase this parameter to 120 cm.
Required tools and materials
As soon as permission from the housing commission is received, you can proceed to the actual punching of the wall. It is better, of course, to entrust this work to specialists. But if you want to make an opening in the wall, guided by the recommendations given by the engineer, you can do it yourself. The regulations do not prohibit this in any case.
However, making an opening in the wall of a panel house with your own hands, of course, is necessary with strict observance of all the required technologies.
You can, of course, make an opening in a panel wall in the old fashioned way. That is, use a puncher, hammer and sledgehammer for this purpose. But it is still better to spend a little and purchase special equipment for diamond cutting to perform such work. When using such a tool, the cut along the entire contour of the opening will turn out to be perfectly smooth, which will save money and effort on its finishing.
In addition, from the tools you will need to prepare:
- roulette;
- level;
- construction square.
Of the materials you will need:
- cement and sand;
- putty;
- painting float;
- anchor;
- dye.
How to break through the opening correctly
With diamond cutting, this procedure is quick and easy. Before proceeding with the punching of the opening, of course, markings must be applied to the wall. This work should be performed strictly using a building level or, even better, a level.
Several technologies can be used for punching openings in panel walls using diamond cutting. But most often, unnecessary parts of the panels with such a redevelopment are removed gradually - in small segments, which are subsequently taken out of the apartment. In some cases, the opening can be cut out completely at once in one go. When using this technology, the removed piece of the wall is first laid by several people, for example, on car tires. Further, in order to take out the panel "rectangle" cut out in this way from the apartment, it is smashed into pieces with a hammer or sledgehammer.
Strengthening the opening
When performing redevelopment, this procedure, as already mentioned, is supposed to be done using multi-shelf corners. Channel bars are not suitable for this purpose because they do not fit too tightly to the edges of the opening. That is, it will not work to make sufficiently reliable supports using such material. The procedure for strengthening the opening in the load-bearing wall of a panel house is usually carried out with the following trim:
- cut out the corner, according to the parameters of the opening;
- welded a one-piece reinforcing structure of two racks and a lintel;
- install the frame in the opening and rigidly fix it with anchors.
Reinforcement assembly rules
The elements of the reinforcing frame are welded together using steel wedges. Before installing the reinforcing structure, metal heels are attached to the floor slab of the house. It also relies on the anchor to fix such supports under the posts.
Finishing options
At the final stage, the punched and fortified opening must, of course, be given an aesthetic appearance. After the frame from the corners is installed in place, all voids between it and the panel wall should be sealed with cement mortar.
Sometimes new openings in apartments are installed with conventional interior doors... But quite often they are simply left uncovered. There are only two options for finishing such openings:
- standard - no design change;
- arched - with a change in configuration.
In the first case, the opening is usually finished using white or wood-like PVC panels or plaster. Both methods allow you to make the wall quite aesthetic.
In the load-bearing walls of a panel house (as well as in non-load-bearing ones), they are usually equipped in rooms when gypsum board is used for their decoration. In such sheets, the top of the opening is cut out in the form of an arc. From below, this curved section is hemmed with a folded strip of plasterboard.
The need for laying or expanding openings in a panel or brick house arises when redeveloping, combining apartments or repair work, they begin their implementation only after the approval of changes in housing inspections. Supporting structures require special attention, their impact directly affects the distribution of loads and the integrity of the building. The dimensions, location and the need for reinforcement in this case are regulated by the norms of SNiP, SaNPin and GOST, deviations from the standards are unacceptable.
Unlike unloaded and thin partitions, they take the weight of all upper masonry and floors and distribute them to the lower ones. In panel MCDs, most of the internal walls are load-bearing, the only exceptions are Khrushchevs, but the exact functions can only be found from the house plan. Such information is indicated in the registration certificate or house book; in its absence, the approximate purpose is determined based on indirect signs. Carriers include all external walls with a thickness of 38 cm or more, adjacent to neighboring apartments and stairwells. Floor slabs are placed on them with the smaller side, there are no additional beams or lintels that take weight loads.
Contrary to popular belief, the arrangement or expansion of openings in load-bearing brickwork is not prohibited. But taking into account the direct threat to the safety of the building's operation, such work requires serious approval, the changes made are justified by calculation, all structures are reinforced with metal. It is not enough to make a simple project: the current state of the house is checked, the degree of wear and tear, the presence or absence of defects in the floors and foundations, data from previous redevelopments are determined.
Sizes of openings
These parameters are strictly regulated, the height of the arches cannot exceed 2.1 m, the width varies from 0.7 to 2 (on the ground floor - within 0.9). The permissible distance to ventilation ducts and chimneys is no more than 30 cm; piping and wiring must be coordinated with specialists. A prerequisite is the presence of a backlash between the passage (slug) and the wall itself, 2.5 cm on the sides and 0.6 - on top. The new passage is located closer to the center of the inner wall, but at a distance of at least 1 m to the outer ones.
The upper line of the passage coincides with the horizontal seam of the masonry, all bricks located above must be solid. When choosing the location of a new doorway, the distance to the nearest remaining in the apartment and information on redevelopments on other floors are taken into account. Chess patterns are avoided, according to building codes, the aisles are located on the same line. In addition to the above, when drawing up a project, the distance to floor slabs, columns or pillars and any beams is taken into account; only professionals can make a plan that does not affect these structures.
No less serious requirements are put forward for the shape and width, it is extremely difficult to expand the doorway above the one approved in the project initially or to build an arch in brick houses. Minor changes to the larger side are allowed on the upper floors; on the first, laying a passage wider than 90 cm is prohibited. The development of project documentation is started only after receiving the preliminary conclusions of the TK, the work itself - after the signing of the permit.
Reinforcement methods before dismantling the walls
Regardless of the width of the masonry above new door needs strengthening, if exceeding 90 cm - along the entire perimeter. The simplest way is to install a jumper from a metal channel. The requirements for the thickness and size of the corner are high, the recommended minimum for brick load-bearing walls is 100 × 63 × 8. In most cases, the jumper is advised to be made of a channel or unequal profile, placed on both sides, a wider bar is installed horizontally.
Cutting the walls is only possible after transferring the weight load to the beam supported by temporary supports. When reinforcing the openings, one of the following methods is chosen: fixing the metal with hardware or planting a bar or channel on a concrete solution. The lintel is 50 cm longer than the width of the door, with an overhang of 25 cm on each side. The exact value of the support depth of the beam is found by the formula - half the height + 15 cm. The holes for the studs are drilled in advance, at least 3 - in the center and sides.
With high reliability requirements, the lintel is placed on a concrete pad or solid brick. The corners withstand more significant loads when reinforced with a bar or cement composition. Regardless of the method chosen, special attention is paid to marking the grooves; it is recommended to make slots under the corners using diamond discs. It is allowed to start disassembling the masonry below the lintel only after the solution has solidified. It should be remembered that it is necessary to justify the dimensions and strength of the materials used by calculation, the correctness of the installation is confirmed by specialists, without the adoption of the appropriate act of work, they are considered not completed.
Additional measures aimed at strengthening the openings include the injection of interpanel joints under the affected structures with self-expanding mixtures based on polymers and cement. Such compositions are pumped into possible voids using pumps and at times strengthen the masonry after solidification. Their use does not exclude the need to install jumpers, but reduces the likelihood of uneven load distribution. At high risks, the entire perimeter of the arch is strengthened with metal, the sequence of actions for fixing is practically unchanged. Temporary support systems help to reduce the threat of deformations.
Nuances of cutting openings in brick walls
Masonry that performs load-bearing functions must not be broken with percussion tools, the vibration effects of a perforator or bump stop contribute to the shedding of the solution. This leads to knocking out blocks, which is unacceptable. The arch should be built quickly, with minimal noise and dust. top scores achieved by using diamond saws. Their use can reduce the noise level by 95%, shorten the time of work and increase the crack resistance of the edges.
Window openings deserve special mention. In apartment buildings, their expansion is prohibited, as is the complete demolition of balcony partitions. Any actions to combine space require serious coordination due to the risk of cracking the facade and violation of thermal engineering standards. The opening can only be made by replacing the blocks with glass blocks, columns or similar elements. In private homes, such problems are less common.
The sequence of actions remains unchanged, but it is recommended to choose a brick from two sides. The finishing is started only after receiving the act of completed redevelopment, all changes are immediately reflected in the technical passport and confirmed by the BTI.
When it comes to redeveloping an apartment, the owner of the house may think about carrying out large-scale work. You can make a doorway in the load-bearing wall. However, to carry out such work, one desire is not enough. Structural walls are considered key elements of any building. In order not to violate the integrity of the house, it is required to obtain a permit and carry out construction work correctly.
Before creating a new doorway in the load-bearing wall of a panel house, you need to carefully prepare for your plan. First of all, you need to take into account some features:
- Talk to the residents of the lower and upper apartments. Ask them about the presence of additional doorways in the load-bearing walls - to preserve the integrity of the house, you need to try to make them match.
- We must not forget that the load on the supporting structures increases with the number of floors. When creating a doorway in multi-storey buildings, additional wall reinforcement must be done.
- Prepare a draft of the future passage in advance. You can simply move the existing opening to the side, make a rectangular or arched passage.
However, before carrying out such full-scale work, it is necessary to obtain permission from the administration, under whose control the panel or brick house is.
Redevelopment approval
The question of whether it is possible to make a doorway in the load-bearing wall should be decided by the administration of the housing complex in which the apartment is located. There is a law that obliges any person who owns an apartment to coordinate serious redevelopment with the administration. This applies to the addition of new heating units, works with plumbing and capital construction.
Carrying out work without the approval of higher authorities can lead not only to administrative responsibility, but also to the destruction of load-bearing structures.
The owner of the apartment must draw up a plan in which the process of creating a doorway will be described in stages, its shape is indicated, etc. In addition to this, you need to indicate all the little things in order not to face serious problems in the future. And also we must not forget about the description of the reinforcement with decorative columns or lintels, if they are planned.
People living on the upper floors have more chances to obtain permission to carry out work on the creation of new openings in load-bearing structures.
Examples of openings in a load-bearing wall
Before a person knows whether it is possible to cut through a door in a load-bearing wall, it is required to create a project for a future opening. This applies to shape, location and size. In this case :
- Standard passage. The opening is rectangular for the installation of a door with a frame. When creating a new opening, you must take into account the fact that the existing passage affects the distribution of the load. It can be left or bricked up.
- Arch. The non-standard shape of the doorway, which is common in apartments with classic style interior. When choosing such a shape, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the bends. If the house is brick, only a professional can do the job. This is due to the fact that you need to take into account the location of the seams in the masonry.
- Moves an existing passage a short distance to the left or right. It is considered the easiest and safest type of work. The existing opening is cut in the chosen direction, and its old part is laid with a brick partition.
After choosing the shape, you need to set the dimensions. The smaller the width of the passage, the greater the chance of getting permission to create it. This also applies to its height.
Necessary equipment and tools
If permission from the administration is received, you need to prepare tools for creating a passage. In this case, power tools and specialized equipment can be used. The second option includes:
- Diamond drilling. Special equipment is used, which is equipped with diamond drills. Their shape can be conical or square.
- Wire rope cutting. Special equipment, the essence of which is the movement of diamond-coated cutting ropes.
- Cutting the supporting structure with a diamond saw on the working disc. Additionally, a spray gun is installed in the cutters. The water cools the disc and nails down the dust.
Advice! It makes no sense to purchase expensive installations to create an opening. They can be rented from construction companies or you can hire a work team that will have similar equipment.
And you can also make an opening using power tools. For independent work you will need:
- A hammer drill, a large grinder or a jackhammer when working in a monolithic building.
- Chainsaw when working in aerated concrete or wooden house... She is good at sawing beams or cellular blocks.
- Measuring tools.
- Sledgehammer, hammer.
- A small grinder for cutting the binding reinforcement.
Before using a power tool, it is advisable to use a hidden wiring sensor so as not to get into wires, pipes or fittings.
Stages of transferring a doorway in a load-bearing wall
There is a certain order of actions, subject to which a doorway can be made by a person who does not have specific skills. It is important to prepare tools and materials in advance so as not to be distracted in the process.
Strengthening the future opening
Strengthening the future structure is the most important stage. It will protect a person from a sudden collapse of a wall or ceiling near the workplace. For this, temporary supports are created. A support is made from a metal support and two plates, which abut the floor and ceiling.
Structural wall cutting
To preserve the integrity of the walls, it is advisable to abandon the jackhammer and hammer drill. These power tools create a powerful shock vibration that can make the opening larger than necessary and crack the walls.
It is better to use specialized equipment, a gas cutter or a large grinder. Before starting cutting, using a measuring tool, the contour of the future opening is outlined. The markings need to be deepened with a grinder on both sides. Then, you can start cutting through the wall.
Advice! Experienced finishers recommend dividing the opening into several zones, each of which must be cut out separately. Thus, the work can be facilitated.
Securing the opening
After creating a passage, it needs to be strengthened. For this, metal channels are used. If the house is brick, it is enough to install one channel in the upper part of the opening. If the house is panel, you need to fix 3 metal elements - on top and on the sides.
Expansion of the opening in the load-bearing wall
Many beautiful doors that are being manufactured today do not fit the standard Soviet apartment aisles. Because of this, expanding the opening will help solve the problem. To carry out the work, you will need a large grinder with diamond-coated discs. is performed according to the same principle as creating a new one.
Do not forget about the initial strengthening of the wall and ceiling so that a collapse does not occur.
Before starting work, it is important to carefully listen to the recommendations of experienced finishers:
- You can start using the power tool only after checking the wall with a hidden wiring sensor.
- You can not start work without the consent of the administration.
- If cracks appear on the walls or ceiling, stop work.
- Additional temporary reinforcement can be made from a jack, two wooden shields and metal pipe... It is necessary to fix the pipe on a jack, put one wooden shield under its base, and a second on the end of the pipe.
- In a wooden or aerated concrete house, openings can be made either during construction, or after its completion. In the second case, building materials will be consumed uneconomically.
If you need to make a pass of a complex shape, then it is better to entrust the work to professionals.
Finishing the appearance of the opening
After creating the opening. If a door frame is to be installed, it is necessary to prepare platbands and fittings.
If the owner has made an arched passage or does not want to install the door, the finishing must be done using plaster and putty. Step-by-step actions:
- Before starting finishing, the work surface is cleaned of debris and dust.
- Places where the plaster will be applied are covered with a primer.
- After the soil has dried, perforated corners are fixed at the corners of the opening, observing the level.
- The first layer of coarse plaster is applied.
- A reinforcing mesh is laid on the applied layer.
- A layer of fine-grained plaster is applied to the mesh.
- The prepared surface is cleaned before finishing work ( decorative plaster, putty).
It is worth making every effort and carefully monitoring the application of each layer so that the result is worthy.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we can say that before making a doorway in a load-bearing wall, you need to weigh all the risks. If the idea is interesting, then you need to contact the administration for permission. The correct sequence of actions and the use of specialized equipment will help to avoid collapsing walls and ceilings.
Sometimes, for redevelopment in an apartment or a private house, it is necessary to make a new door or window opening. Creating an opening in the load-bearing wall of an apartment building is not an easy task. Things are easier with redevelopment in a private house, here everyone is his own master.
What is a doorway? This is a hole in the wall for installing entry blocks. The fixed fixed element in the space between the walls is called the door frame. Often, an arch is made as a decorating element of the interior.
The device of a doorway in a load-bearing brick wall
Before starting work, you need to contact a specialist who will make a demo project with all calculations based on the wishes of the client. To implement the project, significant costs are required, which start from an amount of 30 thousand rubles. So if you get down to business, you need to foresee a lot. Independent work on the device of the doorway will help the owner save money - it will cost about 15 thousand rubles.
Arrangement of a new opening
- it must comply with building codes;
- position the hole, preferably in the central part of the support structure;
- it is necessary to match the upper part with the cement joint of the masonry;
- the inter-wall space up to 0.9 m wide does not need reinforcement operations.
When creating an inter-wall space in a supporting wall, you need to create a reinforcement correctly... Important when changing the design of the walls is the safety of life of other residents of an apartment building and the preservation of the structure of the building itself.
The order of work
First of all, you need to decide on the location of the additional space for entry and exit. It all starts with the markup... You need to decide on the width of the hole, and then begin to determine its future location with a pencil. From the outer wall, you need to measure the distance and make a mark - from here we begin to draw the contour of the future intra-wall space.
A thick wall structure is cut on both sides, therefore, marking will be necessary on the back side as well.
For their exact match, it is necessary to drill several holes according to the pencil markings (Fig. 1). And then on the other side, connect all the holes with a pencil line.
Rice. 1 The above manipulations should be carried out using a building level, a triangle and a ruler..
Since we will make the space in the load-bearing wall of a brick house, it is necessary to take care of auxiliary partitions and lintels in advance (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2 Removing a section of a wall
Fig. 3 Before starting work, it is necessary to free the supporting wall structure from the layer of plaster along the drawn line so that the seams of the masonry are visible. However, it is necessary to remove the plaster very carefully, because most likely, there is a wiring under it - damage can lead to the destruction of the entire power supply system.
When the seams at the site of the future empty space are visible, you can start working. It is necessary to start removing bricks from the very top. First, the top row of bricks is removed, which will be the width of the entire door space... A jumper is inserted here, on which the structure will be held.
Further, more holes are made above the jumper. It is necessary to mount a beam into the resulting hole, which will act as a support. The support beam must be supported with a jack so that the structure does not collapse during operation. The beam and jack will support the weight of the entire wall structure (fig. 3).
Jumper from channel Then all holes are lubricated with a concrete solution. After drying concrete mix, you can continue to work on knocking out bricks.
The structure should be reinforced when the width of the door space is more than one meter..
To protect the floor from falling bricks, it is necessary to make a flooring of planks. Bricks should be removed with diamond drills to minimize damage to the wall structure.
Violation of the brick removal technology can lead to weakening of the structure, its premature wear and deformation..
It should be noted that the space under the door must be 10-20 centimeters larger than the door or window frame. This gap can be filled with polyurethane foam.
Strengthening the opening
Strengthening works take the maximum amount of time, since they are carried out painstakingly. Organized empty space under a door or arch must be reinforced with channels... It is advisable to use a channel lintel with vertical posts. Channels are mounted on both sides, which are screwed into the previously installed wooden lintel using bolts (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4 If the space in the wall structure is wide, then it is reinforced not only in the upper part, but also on the sides (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5 How to identify a load-bearing wall in a brick house?
The most basic way to identify a supporting wall is to familiarize yourself with the living room plan. Such a plan is mandatory in the data sheet or house book. To understand the diagrams and drawings, you need to have a little sketching skills. Experience in construction would not be superfluous. Then you can easily distinguish a supporting wall from a regular partition.
Rice. 6 Usually interior walls have a thickness of no more than 18 centimeters. The smallest retaining wall thickness is 38 centimeters - a masonry of three bricks... A four-brick laying is possible, which forms a wall 51 centimeters thick. Quite often the thickness of the walls in brick houses is 64 centimeters - five-brick masonry (Fig. 6).
If the plan could not be found, then it is worth using the general rules for determining the load-bearing walls in the house:
- if the walls face the street, we can definitely say that they are supportive;
- walls shared with neighbors;
- wall thickness over 380 mm, as mentioned earlier;
- walls overlooking the staircase.
External finishing
After completing work on the formation of an opening in a brick load-bearing wall, everything must be decoratively finished (Fig. 7). What is needed for this? First of all, you need to decide on the choice of finishing material. Will it be wood, plastic or decorative rock- you decide. Next, you need to show a little imagination and create decorative elements in the formed space of the brick wall.
Rice. 7 For self-cladding, you should have basic knowledge in the field of finishing work, and you also need a special tool.
If it is necessary to arrange the space under the door without its presence, then it is worth using additional boards. This will add elegance to your new room design and add sophistication to the interior. You can create such a cladding yourself.
The opening made in the form of an arch looks beautiful. As a rule, arches come in round or lancet shapes. To determine the shape of the arch for the client, check out the design catalogs. The most common today are the Byzantine and Greek styles. In some cases, the arch can be backlit.
The owner of the apartment will be held liable for illegal redevelopment of the dwelling. To avoid unpleasant situations, it is necessary to agree on the redevelopment of a residential property in the Moscow Housing Inspection.
Coordination of a doorway in the load-bearing wall of a panel and brick house in Moscow
In order to agree on a doorway in a load-bearing wall in an apartment of a panel or brick house in 2020, it is necessary to develop a project to strengthen the opening and coordinate it with the authors of the house project, in Moscow most often they are:
- JSC "MNIITEP"
- JSC "Mosproekt",
- JSC "TsNIIEP Housing".
The design engineer must conduct a survey of the state of the supporting structures in the re-planned room, as well as in the apartments above and below, in order to correctly calculate the reinforcement of the opening. After the survey, you will receive a technical conclusion of the structural survey (TZK) and a diagram of strengthening the doorway.
Assistance in coordinating and legalizing a doorway in a load-bearing wall
In order to agree on the redevelopment of an apartment with the device of a doorway in the bearing wall in the Moscow Housing Inspection, you must:
- order a technical passport for an apartment at the Bureau of Technical Inventory;
- inspect capital structures;
- to develop a project for redevelopment and reinforcement of the opening in the load-bearing wall;
- to prepare a technical conclusion for the examination of structures and the possibility of arranging an opening in a load-bearing wall by the author of the project at home or in the Expert Center;
- make copies of title documents and certify them with a notary;
- write an application for approval of the redevelopment addressed to the head of the Moscow Housing Inspection.