Today, each of the providers of housing and communal services is interested in receiving funds for the real amount of the resource supplied to the residents of the house in full, and not at strict tariffs calculated by the number of registered residents. Therefore, it became necessary to change the payment scheme for services received for everyone - both for utilities and for owners of premises. However, as practice has shown, the readings of metering devices of resource suppliers are strikingly different from real figures, and in reality it turned out that most of the resources provided were not paid. It is logical to assume that this state of affairs did not suit the management companies, and as a result, such a concept as general house needs arose. For this, a line was added in receipts for payment of utilities, which is needed to compensate for the difference between the real volumes of consumed resources and the readings of the meters, or readings that were calculated according to the standards for the consumption of such resources by citizens of the Russian Federation.
ONE for electricity - resources spent on providing light for a residential building, excluding that part of the electricity that is used by residents of apartments within residential premises.
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Regulatory framework for ODN
In 2017, the calculation of payment for used electricity is regulated by the following regulatory framework:
- Federal Law No. 176-FZ of June 29, 2015
- Federal Law No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving".
- Government Resolutions No. 344 and No. 354 "On the Provision of Utilities to Owners and Users of Premises in Apartment Buildings and Residential Buildings."
However, practice has shown that the inclusion in invoices for housing and communal services raises many questions from owners who do not understand what it is and do not know by what mechanisms such a calculation is carried out. As a result, a significant part of the work of utilities was the work of answering a huge number of complaints and questions, as well as decoding this line in receipts. Therefore, in order to avoid tension in society and to avoid a situation where the owners simply refuse to pay for what they think are incomprehensible expenses, the State Duma of the Russian Federation in 2015 adopted a law that provides that the ONE line from receipts for utility bills should disappear. However, the entry into force of the law was postponed to 01.01.2017, since management companies could face serious difficulties with the implementation on time.
What is ONE
- The operation of the elevators in the house;
- Maintenance of alarms, intercoms, video cameras (if installed);
- Functioning of water supply and sewerage pumps;
- Lighting of basements, entrances, attics, local area;
- Technological losses of in-house electrical equipment.
- Water supply consumption:
- Washing of entrances and garbage chutes;
- Watering the lawn in front of the house;
- When repairing heating systems or batteries - water discharge in risers;
- Household water losses;
- Draining water in preparation for the heating season;
- Washing of various house communications.
This list also includes the costs of energy resources for heating the entrance, basement, as well as cleaning the premises.
However, private companies and enterprises that place their equipment in a residential building are obliged to independently pay for the resources they consume in full - it is forbidden to divide such expenses among the residents of the house. For example, a provider whose antenna is installed on the roof - only a few tenants can use its services, and it is this provider who must pay the receipts for the use of electricity.
How is it calculated when there is a counter
If there are metering devices in a residential building, then the size of the ODN is calculated by the employees of Energonadzor together with the representative chosen by the residents of this house. The calculation is very simple - the difference between the general indicators of the meters and the sum of the indicators of the meters that are installed in each of the apartments of this house is highlighted. The total amount is distributed to each apartment owner (without exceptions), of course, taking into account the occupied living space. Accordingly, the larger the apartment, the more its owner pays. The formula for calculating ONE for electricity looks like this:
ONE = (The value fixed on the general electricity meter - The total amount of electricity that was used in non-residential premises that are not related to the common property of the house - The total amount of consumed resources in residential apartments in which there are metering devices - The total amount of consumed electricity in residential apartments where meters are not installed) × Apartment area in sq.m. × Area of all apartments in the building.
When there is no counter
If there are no electricity metering devices in a multi-storey building, then the administration of the regional center sets its own standards for electricity consumption, which are used in calculating readings to pay for general household needs. You can find out exactly what regulations are in force in your area by going to the official regional website. Such standards are limited, but the residents of the house may decide at the meeting to pay more of their own free will. In practice, this is very rare.
In this case, when there is no counter, the calculation formula looks like this:
ODN = Standard for calculating energy consumption × Square of premises described in common property × Residential apartment area × Area of all apartments in a high-rise building.
Previously, any excess of electricity consumption norms was paid from the pockets of homeowners. Now, if the volume of the consumed resource exceeds the standards established by law, then the difference is paid by the company providing utilities.
How to reduce the amount of payment for ONE
In order to reduce the amount of payment for ONE for electricity, we recommend that apartment owners use the following methods:
Do I need to pay for general household needs
Since from 01/01/2017 there will no longer be a separate line in the bills for payment of utilities, this question ceases to be relevant. Now all payments under the ONE will be included in the individual account of the owner, and disagreement with these figures and, as a result, refusal to pay for such services entails the imposition of fines and sanctions up to the suspension of the possibility of using any of the resources - water supply or electricity. In the event that the owner does not agree with the actions to turn off the supply of the resource, he can file a claim in court and appeal the decision made there. Often, the claim is satisfied (especially if there are minor children in the family), and the supply of energy resources is resumed, since there are certain rules for the sanitary condition of residential premises, enshrined at the legislative level.