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A woman in a position changes culinary preferences, lifestyle, attitude towards others. The mother-to-be consciously tries to limit herself from everything that can harm her child. This applies to diet, actions, bad habits. Knowing what is impossible for pregnant women at an early stage is necessary not only for newly-made parents, but also for relatives who also want to ensure a favorable pregnancy.
What not to do during pregnancy
There are many myths and facts about this period of a woman's life: some believe that she cannot cut her hair, paint her nails, move actively, etc. You should look into this more carefully. Due to the change in the hormonal background, it is better to refrain from perming and hair coloring procedures, as a result of which their condition may worsen. If you belong to the category of women who dye their hair all the time, opt for sparing options. The expectant mother is also forbidden to wear synthetic underwear. During pregnancy, you can not:
- take baths (hot);
- visit the sauna and solarium;
- take medication without consulting a doctor;
- vaccinate against rubella, tuberculosis, mumps;
- perform X-ray or fluorography;
- clean the cat's toilet (the cat is a carrier of a disease such as toxoplasmosis).
What not to eat when pregnant
A conscious woman during pregnancy reviews her diet with special care, some even hang a list of prohibited dishes in the kitchen. During this period, food addictions or aversion to certain foods are formed. It may turn out that healthy food it doesn’t pull, but you want to eat more what you can’t, so it’s important to study the list of foods that are dangerous to the health of the developing organism.
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Action on the body |
Products |
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Fatty, fried, peppery, spicy |
Affects the liver, kidneys and gallbladder, which are already displaced during pregnancy. |
French fries, salo, steak, chili, Korean salads, adjika |
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They have a detrimental effect on the entire human body, for example, the carcinogenic additive E211 can contribute to the development of cancer. |
Chewing gum, sweets, confectionery, chips, croutons, seasoning, sauce |
|
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canned food |
Influence the synthesis of proteins, which are the main building material of a developing organism |
Canned fish |
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Some seafood |
Tuna, mackerel, shark, crab, shrimp, swordfish. |
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raw eggs |
May cause salmonella infection |
In the early stages
The development and health of the baby depends on how the first trimester of pregnancy goes, so the expectant mother should scrupulously approach the issue of her nutrition. It is advisable to give preference only to natural products prepared in compliance with all sanitary standards. At this time, there are no significant changes in the woman's condition, but you still need to limit or exclude the following products:
- Sweets and flour products. They contribute to rapid weight gain, so on early dates it is important to adjust your diet so that at the end of pregnancy you feel good and do not suffer from edema. This category includes all kinds of confectionery and refined sugar, which do not contain vitamins, but are full of carbohydrates.
- Products that can cause allergies, which can result in improper development of the child or even miscarriage. These include red vegetables, fruits, citrus fruits, honey.
- Beans, beans, peas can cause increased gas formation, which will result in increased tone.
- Chocolate, being a powerful stimulant, has a detrimental effect on the mental and nervous system of the little man. The measure is important here, a couple of pieces will not hurt anyone, so you are allowed to allow yourself such a treat once a week.
What should not be eaten by pregnant women
The diet of the expectant mother should not harm the developing body. Some dishes can be limited during this important period of life, their single use will not lead to negative consequences. However, there are products that need to be blacklisted for the period of bearing a child and breastfeeding. Pregnant women should not eat:
What is better not to drink
If a cup of morning coffee has become daily ritual, it is worth giving up this pleasure for the sake of the health of your unborn child. This drink has an adverse effect: it increases blood pressure, provokes a threat of miscarriage, causes insomnia, removes vitamins and trace elements from the body. You also need to remove caffeinated foods from your menu, do not drink energy drinks and cola.
It is permissible for black tea lovers to occasionally consume this drink, which should not be strong. The reason for this is all the same caffeine, which, penetrating the placenta, can harm the baby. Carbonated water must be discarded due to the content of chemicals and dyes.
Any drinks containing alcohol put a strain on the kidneys, which already work during pregnancy in an enhanced mode. Even if you decide to treat yourself to a glass of beer, this can negatively affect the intellectual abilities and the formation of the unborn baby, especially in the first trimester. Therefore, drinking alcohol is prohibited. Kvass is also better not to drink at this time. These tips for pregnant women in the early stages will help to avoid many unpleasant moments.
What not to do when pregnant
In this special period of life, new habits, rules appear and the perception of the world around us changes. Sometimes a woman thinks she can turn the world around, and sometimes she doesn't even have the strength to brush her teeth. It is important to treat this condescendingly and follow a set of measures that will ensure your safety. According to these rules, it is prohibited:
- Conduct general cleaning with household chemicals. In extreme cases, you need to protect yourself as much as possible by wearing gloves and ventilating the room.
- Sitting still at a computer or favorite job. When doing embroidery or other creative process, do not forget to do active physical 15 minutes.
- Walk in high heels (more than 4 cm). If you don't want to have varicose veins veins or flat feet, this can not be done.
- Sit with your legs crossed. In this position, the veins located in the popliteal fossa are clamped, and blood circulation in the pelvic organs slows down. The result may be fetal hypoxia.
- smoke. This leads to poor blood supply to the placenta due to its vasoconstrictive action. There is a chance that the baby will be born prematurely or with a small weight.
- Forget about parties and discos. The smell of cigarette smoke, alcohol and loud music do not contribute to the beneficial course of pregnancy.
- Hold off with extreme views sports. Adrenaline negatively affects the mental activity of the baby, so you should avoid stress, worries and be less nervous. The expectant mother should provide herself with a calm and positive environment.
In the early stages
Sleeping on your stomach is not recommended during the first trimester. This position puts pressure on the uterus, which can damage the embryo. You can be in this position in rare cases, but by no means make it a habit. However, when the tummy has already noticeably increased, it is advisable to listen to the recommendations of doctors and exclude rest on the back. Blood circulation may be disturbed due to the fact that the grown belly will put a load on the deep veins.
In the first trimester, the girl's hormonal background changes, which results in mood swings and emotional outbursts. During this period, for some, intimate relationships are a necessity, while for others they are undesirable. According to doctors, a pregnant woman is allowed to have sex, moreover, it also has a positive result, since endorphins are produced. A nice bonus is the training of the pelvic muscles.
However, there are contraindications in cases where the tone of the uterus is increased, there is a risk of miscarriage or an infection in the partner. From intimate relationships it is better to refuse so that there is no abortion. In other cases, the expectant mother is allowed to have sex throughout the entire pregnancy, the main thing is to avoid deep penetration, pressure on the abdomen and too long intercourse.
What movements can not be done during pregnancy
While waiting for the baby, a woman should exclude work that involves lifting heavy objects (more than 3 kg). The permissible weight, in exceptional cases, is 5 kg. It is also contraindicated for pregnant women in the early stages to rearrange furniture in the apartment, make sharp and jerky movements. This can lead to premature birth. You can not do repairs and heavy physical work. Leave the painting of the walls, beating the carpets, washing the windows to someone else or postpone for a certain time.
Video
The test showed two stripes - clear, bright, convincing. They confirm that a miracle happened and now you will have a child. This news causes a state of euphoria, which, however, is quickly replaced by anxiety: what to do next? How to behave in a new status, should I go to the doctor, when and where to register for pregnancy, what tests and examinations should I undergo? Do I need to collect any documents for maternity leave, how long do I need to work, what is a birth certificate, when and how to choose a maternity hospital, whether to conclude a contract? In general, clear guidance is needed on how to proceed, so to speak step-by-step instruction by pregnancy. It is this instruction that we have decided to bring to your attention.
Visit to the gynecologist and the first ultrasound.
You need to go to the doctor's office without delay as soon as you find out about the onset of pregnancy. The first appointment with a gynecologist will include an external examination, examination on a gynecological chair, ultrasound and a blood test for hCG.
Based on the results of this express examination, the doctor will be able to accurately confirm the fact of the onset of pregnancy (or refute it, because the tests are sometimes “mistaken”), determine the term and exclude ectopic localization of the embryo. In addition, at the first appointment, you will receive information about further medical measures: visiting other doctors - this may be necessary if you have chronic diseases, - additional tests, the date of the next visit to the gynecologist and ultrasound.
We correct the lifestyle
Now it is necessary to revise the daily routine, work schedule and physical activity. The first weeks of pregnancy are a critical period in the development of the fetus: any overload, stress and illness of the expectant mother during this period can adversely affect the health of the baby and the course of pregnancy. Night walks, clubs and noisy parties will have to be postponed until better times. In the first weeks of pregnancy, you should try to be less in crowded places in order to avoid the risk of infection and injury. Try to get enough rest, sleep and walk in the fresh air.
It is necessary to immediately refuse overtime work, business trips; if possible, move the start and end times of the working day to avoid crowds in transport during rush hour. You have every right to all these pleasant changes in the work schedule in accordance with labor legislation.
In the first weeks, it is worth temporarily abandoning sports; later, in the normal course of pregnancy, it will be possible to return to sports - of course, adjusted for the “interesting situation”.
It is useful for a newly-made expectant mother to walk and swim; but cycling, running, skating and skiing should be abandoned as soon as pregnancy becomes known. Try not to make sudden movements and not to lift weights: the maximum recommended weight is 3 kg, evenly distributed in both hands.
You should also adjust your diet: it is important for a pregnant woman to eat right. It is necessary to abandon canned food, synthetic drinks and products with artificial food additives, do not abuse spicy, fatty and fried foods.
We take vitamins
From the first days of pregnancy, expectant mothers are recommended to take folic acid - vitamin B9. This vitamin provides the necessary rate of growth and development of the baby in the early stages, is the main means of preventing non-developing pregnancy and the formation of malformations of the nervous system and heart of the fetus. In addition, folic acid provides better absorption of iron, which is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin. The recommended daily dose of vitamin B9 tablets is 800 mcg.
Another "vitamin of the first days of pregnancy" - E; it is necessary for the body of the expectant mother to synthesize the main hormone of pregnancy - progesterone, which ensures normal tone and blood supply to the uterus.
Second ultrasound
The second time ultrasound is performed for a period of 8-12 weeks. The purpose of the study: to confirm the prolongation - the successful course and development of pregnancy, to determine the correspondence of the size and development of the fetus to the expected gestational age, to exclude the formation of malformations. According to the results of the second ultrasound, the expectant mother is recommended to start regular visits to the gynecologist to monitor the course of pregnancy.
Pregnancy record
It is advisable to start systematic medical monitoring of the development of pregnancy for a period not later than 12 weeks; it is better to register early - simultaneously with the second ultrasound examination.
Early registration for pregnancy and the beginning of regular medical supervision can significantly reduce the risk of exacerbations of chronic diseases and pregnancy complications. Women registered no later than 12 weeks are paid a one-time allowance in the amount of half the minimum wage upon maternity leave. When registering at the antenatal clinic, the expectant mother should present her passport, compulsory medical insurance policy and the results of medical examinations for Last year, including the conclusion of the first ultrasound and test data. In the future, the expectant mother is recommended to visit the doctor at least 12 times during pregnancy. For periods up to 28 weeks, it is worth going to the doctor at least 1 time per month, from 28 to 37 weeks - at least 2 times a month, and starting from 38 weeks - every 7-10 days. If there are special indications, for example, if additional examinations are necessary based on the results of tests or health reasons, the doctor may recommend unscheduled visits at any of the listed dates.
We hand over analyzes
A referral for the necessary laboratory tests is issued by the doctor at the first visit, i.e. when registering for pregnancy. The standard set of studies conducted at week 12 includes:
- clinical (general) blood test;
- general analysis urine;
- blood chemistry;
- coagulogram - a blood test for clotting;
- determination of the group and Rh-affiliation of blood;
- blood test for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis;
- a study for the presence of torch infections: rubella, toxoplasmosis, coxsackie, herpes, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus, chlamydia, urea- and mycoplasmosis, gardnerellosis. These diseases are hidden and can pathologically affect the development of the fetus;
- smear of flora from the vagina;
- at the discretion of the doctor, a screening examination for congenital diseases - a blood test for alpha-fetoprotein and hCG may be recommended.
Despite the frightening size of the list, all tests can be taken at one time - for this you need to know the days of blood sampling and the necessary preparations. For example, a biochemical blood test should be taken on an empty stomach, and on the eve of the study for RW (syphilis) you should not eat a lot of sweets: failure to follow these rules can lead to incorrect test results. In the presence of chronic diseases or as prescribed by other doctors, such as a general practitioner or endocrinologist, the list may expand. In the future, many tests will have to be retaken: for example, urinalysis - at each visit to the gynecologist; complete blood count - at least twice per trimester; analysis for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis - once in the second and third trimester; a smear for flora - at least once per trimester. Repeated studies for the same infections are necessary, since theoretically the expectant mother can get sick during pregnancy.
Related specialists
Adjacent in obstetrics are called doctors of other specialties, the examination of which helps the gynecologist to choose the right tactics for managing pregnancy. To monitor the course of pregnancy, examinations by a general practitioner, endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, dentist and ENT are most relevant, however, if there are health problems, consultations of other doctors may be necessary, for example, a nephrologist - a specialist in kidney disease, a neurologist, a phlebologist - a specialist in vein diseases - or a cardiologist . Bypassing related specialists should begin no later than 12 weeks and be completed by 16 weeks of pregnancy. As part of the examination, the therapist needs to do an electrocardiogram. If necessary, doctors can invite the expectant mother to an appointment again in the second and third trimester of pregnancy or prescribe additional diagnostic tests.
Screening study
At 16-18 weeks of pregnancy, the expectant mother is recommended to undergo the so-called "triple test", which allows to identify a risk group for the formation of fetal malformations. For this, a pregnant woman's venous blood is examined for the amount of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and estriol. A change in the amount of these substances produced by the tissues of the fetus and placenta may indicate the presence of a serious anomaly in the development of the fetus, such as Down's syndrome. If the test results are positive, the expectant mother is sent for genetic counseling.
Third ultrasound
The next ultrasound examination is recommended for a period of 18–20 weeks; by this time, the formation of the placenta is completed, as well as the laying of the main organs and systems of the fetus. Ultrasound at this time allows you to assess the degree of development of the cardiovascular, nervous and urinary systems of the fetus, the correspondence of the development and size of the baby to the gestational age, determine the placenta attachment and the level of blood flow in its vessels, evaluate the structure of the placenta and umbilical cord. The third ultrasound is included in the recommended scope of screening studies for the detection of genetic abnormalities and fetal malformations.
Physical exercise
After the 20th week of pregnancy, when the main “critical” periods have already passed, it is worth discussing with the doctor the possibility of sports being allowed at this time. Recall that active expectant mothers who went in for sports before pregnancy should discuss the correction of habitual physical activity at the first visit to the gynecologist. If the pregnancy proceeds without complications, dosed physical activity is not only allowed, but also strongly recommended: good muscle tone and elasticity of the ligamentous apparatus make it easier to endure weight gain during pregnancy and the discomfort of labor pains. It is better to give preference to stretching exercises, such as yoga for pregnant women, Pilates and body flex. Pregnant women can go in for swimming, special aqua aerobics for expectant mothers and even belly dancing. A necessary condition is the complete exclusion of sudden movements, the load on the press and lifting weights; all of these exercises are best performed under the supervision of a trainer who is competent in selecting loads for pregnant women. In the absence of special recommendations from a doctor, you can engage in "permitted" sports for 40-60 minutes 2-3 times a week until the very birth.
Exchange card
This document can be considered a “pregnancy passport”: it contains all the necessary medical information about the health of the future mother, the features of this and previous pregnancies, the results of tests and examinations, the drugs received and the conclusions of specialists.
"Exchange" consists of three parts; the first is filled in by the doctor in the consultation, the second by the obstetrician-gynecologist who delivered the baby, the third by the neonatologist who observed the baby in the maternity hospital after birth. With the help of this important document, continuity in the transfer of information about the health of mother and baby between the antenatal clinic, the maternity hospital and the children's clinic is carried out. According to Order No. 30 of February 10, 2003, the exchange card is issued to the expectant mother by the attending physician of the antenatal clinic no later than the 23rd week of pregnancy. From the moment of receipt, the "pregnancy passport" must always be in the purse of the expectant mother, along with a general passport and a compulsory medical insurance policy: they may be needed in case of unforeseen emergency hospitalization.
Courses for future parents
The choice of courses should be decided by the 25th week of pregnancy: the most complete and interesting cycles of lectures are calculated on average for two months of visits in the mode of 1-2 classes per week. You can start attending courses earlier: most of the topics will be informative and relevant even in the first weeks of pregnancy, and many classes include useful physical exercises in addition to lectures. Courses are needed for the correct psychological attitude for childbirth, the acquisition of skills for self-pain relief of contractions, which include postures, massage, relaxation and breathing techniques, and caring for a newborn.
The standard set of lectures usually includes topics on the features of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, fetal development, the main aspects of medical supervision of a pregnant woman, a woman in labor, a puerperal woman and a newborn in the maternity hospital, breastfeeding, the introduction of complementary foods, the development of a child in the first year of life, an overview of maternity hospitals in your city. In most courses, in addition to lectures, practical classes are held - obstetric gymnastics and childbirth training, where they work out the technique of anesthesia. Classes for expectant parents are best attended with a partner. Such courses can be found at the antenatal clinic or maternity hospital; there are also independent commercial clubs for future parents. When choosing courses, pay attention to the qualifications of teachers (usually lectures are given by medical specialists and psychologists), gymnastics coaches, the convenience of the location of the courses and the time of classes, the opportunity to attend lectures with your husband and choose individual topics of interest to you.
Maternity leave
A disability certificate for pregnancy and childbirth is issued by an obstetrician-gynecologist who monitors the course of pregnancy for the following periods:
with a normal pregnancy - from the 30th week for 140 calendar days (70 days before delivery and 70 days after delivery);
in case of multiple pregnancy - from 28 weeks to 180 calendar days;
in case of complicated childbirth, postpartum leave is increased by 16 calendar days and the total duration of the decree is 156 (70 + 16 + 70) calendar days.
birth certificate
Making maternity leave at 30 weeks of pregnancy, the expectant mother can receive another important document. This is a birth certificate intended for additional payment for the services of doctors at the antenatal clinic, maternity hospital and children's clinic from the federal budget. The birth certificate project started on January 1, 2006; its goal is to improve the quality of medical care for expectant mothers and babies in public medical institutions.
The certificate consists of three coupons: the first goes to pay for the services of a antenatal clinic, the second - a maternity hospital and the third - medical care in a children's clinic. In the consultation, the certificate is handed out at 30 weeks, subject to registration no later than 12 weeks and visits to one doctor of the antenatal clinic at least 12 times during pregnancy; by agreeing to take the certificate, the expectant mother shows that she is satisfied with the medical care received. In case of irregular observation, late registration, medical care on a commercial basis, or in case of dissatisfaction with the pregnant woman with the level of care medical services birth certificate is not issued in consultation. In this case, the expectant mother will receive a birth certificate already in the maternity hospital. It should be emphasized that a birth certificate is not a mandatory document for planned or emergency hospitalization in a maternity hospital, regardless of which maternity hospital is chosen and under what insurance conditions - under the compulsory medical insurance policy or on a paid basis - the expectant mother will be served.
Fourth ultrasound
The last ultrasound recommended during normal pregnancy is after 32 weeks. By this time, the fetus has already formed, occupies a stable position in the uterus, and the doctor can evaluate it based on the results of the study. physical development, location, presentation, estimated size by the end of pregnancy, the amount of water, the state of the placenta, blood flow in the vessels of the placenta, umbilical cord and uterine arteries. These data allow you to draw up a proposed plan for childbirth, determine the degree of risks and the need for additional medical training.
Cardiotocography
This study is advisable to conduct after the 32-34th week of pregnancy. The method allows you to assess the well-being of the fetus in terms of frequency and variability, i.e. changes in his heart rate. To do this, within 20-40 minutes, the baby's heart rate is taken using an ultrasonic sensor and recorded on a paper tape in the form of a graph. In addition, the CTG chart shows moments of baby movements and an increase in uterine tone. By changes in the pulse, the frequency of fetal movements and increases in myometrial tone, it is possible to assess the risk of developing fetal hypoxia and premature onset of labor.
Choosing a maternity hospital
This important process should be started no later than the 34-36th week of pregnancy. When choosing, one should take into account such criteria as the remoteness of the maternity hospital, the dates of preventive treatments (“washes”), the technical equipment of the maternity hospital, the level of comfort of the delivery wards, if necessary, the presence of a special medical specialization, the ability to choose a doctor and individual labor management, the presence of a partner during childbirth, joint stay of mother and baby in the postpartum ward.
Getting to know the nursery
Having previously decided on the choice of the maternity hospital, after the 36th week it is worth going to it personally and “look around”. It is better to study the route options to the maternity hospital in advance, see where the entrance to the admission department is located, familiarize yourself with the admission rules for admission to antenatal hospitalization and childbirth, find out the time of visits, conversations with doctors and receiving programs. When planning an individual birth at 36 weeks, you can get acquainted with the doctor and conclude a contract for the birth.
Things and documents in the hospital
This must be done no later than the 38th week of pregnancy in order to take everything into account, double-check and not fuss at the very last moment. A list of things allowed for hospitalization in the antenatal, labor and postnatal departments can be requested from the information desk of the maternity hospital or from the insurance agent when concluding a contract for childbirth. Requirements for clothing and personal belongings that you can take with you can be very different in different maternity hospitals, so do not be too lazy to find out the rules in the chosen maternity hospital in advance. It is better to collect things separately for each compartment, packing them in plastic bags. Of the documents for hospitalization, you will need a passport, a compulsory medical insurance policy, an exchange card, a birth certificate and a contract for childbirth - if any; it is better to make photocopies of these documents in advance for the admission department of the maternity hospital. You can immediately take a package with things and documents for childbirth with you, but bags with things for the postpartum department can be transferred to the hospital only after the birth of the baby, so it is better to sign them in advance and provide instructions for relatives.
When a woman finds out that in the near future she will become a mother, she asks a lot of questions. One of the main ones is the following: what can not be done in early pregnancy?
If a woman has already had to deal with such an interesting situation, then for sure she knows the answer to this question. Also, the fair sex should know what to do during pregnancy. Let's try to understand these two points and find out how to behave while carrying a child.
Early pregnancy
To begin with, it is worth saying what time period is called early. Immediately after the fertilization of the female cell by the spermatozoon, the continuous division of the zygote begins. At the same time, the cells move towards the reproductive organ.
Physical activity
What exercises to do during pregnancy in order to maintain your health and protect the baby?
Recently, the following areas have been very common: yoga and fitness for pregnant women. A woman can choose what suits her. Doctors also recommend swimming throughout the entire period. This will help keep the body in good shape and prepare for childbirth. The exceptions are those cases where there is
Taking medications
In early pregnancy, it is very important to eat well and take the necessary vitamins. In most cases, doctors prescribe a woman an appointment folic acid. It is she who is involved in the formation of organs and tissues, and also helps to close the neural tube in time and correctly.
In addition, the expectant mother needs iodine for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Your doctor may also recommend taking magnesium, iron, and potassium. Many experts prefer to immediately prescribe a complex of vitamins to a pregnant woman, rather than single preparations containing beneficial trace elements.
Hygiene
The expectant mother should carefully observe. It is necessary to wash your hands more often. This will help to avoid intestinal infections and viruses.
It is also necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the genitals. After all, the appearance of bacteria in them can threaten infection of the fetus. Use panty liners if necessary. They will help you feel comfortable.
Proper nutrition
While expecting a baby, you need to eat right. This condition does not only apply to early pregnancy. It is necessary for the entire period of bearing a baby to consume a large amount of vitamins (fruits and vegetables), useful minerals and trace elements.
Drink fresh juices and get plenty of rest. Try to spend as much time outdoors as possible. The baby now needs a lot of oxygen for the proper development and formation of all organs.
Conclusion
Now you know how to behave while expecting a baby. Always remember that it is better to postpone other examinations that can damage a tiny organism for a while. Take care of yourself and always follow your doctor's advice.
Analyzes, registration at the gynecologist, trimesters of pregnancy - it seems so hard, but in fact ...
With the appearance of two strips on the pharmacy test, the girl's life changes. Some are not happy with such a gift, but for the rest it is happiness. It is easier for women who already have a child. They know how pregnancy goes, what happens to her body and baby, when to visit a gynecologist, etc.
For girls who will give birth for the first time, it is more difficult. But even here you should not get lost. Not everything is as scary as it seems.
Go to the doctor as soon as you see two stripes. The period from the 6th to the 12th week is optimal for registration, because during this period it is safe to say that the pregnancy has come.
The doctor starts an exchange card, in which he will describe the pregnancy, up to childbirth. After that, he will conduct a general examination, prescribe tests, and send him to undergo a commission.
You need to visit a gynecologist up to 20 weeks once a month, up to 32 - once every 2 weeks, and after 32 weeks - once every 7 days. If you have health problems, pathologies, then visit more often.
Trimesters of pregnancy
As a future mother, it is desirable for you to know what changes are taking place in the body and what is happening with the baby.
I trimester (1-12 weeks)
Hormonal changes occur in your body, the mammary glands swell, the areolas of the nipples change color, toxicosis and heartburn appear. Constipation may occur. Daily nausea affects the general condition, use.
The baby at this time is growing and developing rapidly. It develops from an embryo into a fetus. Parts of the body are formed in him, he begins to slowly move them. The movements are slow so you can't hear them yet. The genital organs are also formed.
II trimester (13−27 weeks)
By this time, the malaise passes, replaced by pain in the back, lower back. The stomach grows, it becomes difficult for you to do the usual things. Posture suffers. Around the 20th week, you will begin to feel the movements of the baby. At this time, his motor activity increases.
The baby continues to form organs, the skeleton hardens. The kidneys are already working, the first urine is being excreted. The kid hears you, you can talk to him. With the help of ultrasound, the sex of the child is determined. If suddenly a premature birth begins at the end of the second trimester, the baby can survive, but only with the help of intensive care.
III trimester (28−40 weeks)
Your belly is growing, your chest is getting bigger. You put on weight, because of this, stiffness in movements appears. Difficulty climbing stairs, walking for a long time. By the end of 37 weeks, false contractions appear. They are irregular, so you should not sound the alarm, but you need to tell the doctor about them.
The baby's organs and systems are finally formed. He makes his first breaths. Nails, hair, teeth grow.
Subjective symptoms of pregnancy (fetal movement, delayed menstruation, nausea) appear purely individually for each woman.
How everyday life is changing
You, as a future mother, take care of your health, take care of it. External factors affect you and the baby.
Bad habits
Give up alcohol, smoking and especially drugs if you want to have a healthy child. These are the causes of congenital deformities, diseases.
Nutrition
Everything you eat goes to the baby. Nothing needs to be radically changed. Worth excluding junk food, fast food. In the daily diet should be all trace elements. Add natural vitamins. If it is not in season, consult your doctor and buy them at the pharmacy.
Sleep and wake mode
You can't overstress. This does not mean that everything is prohibited. Alternate rest with light physical activity. And don't do more than what you're capable of. Do not lift weights, this can cause placental abruption, miscarriage, premature birth.
Preparing for childbirth
Prepare physically for childbirth. There are exercises that will help ease childbirth and keep fit. Sign up for childbirth preparation courses. They will tell and show how to relieve pain during contractions, how to behave correctly.
It will not be superfluous to discuss the issue of wearing a bandage and compression underwear. You may not need it, but you can ask once again.
In the last weeks of pregnancy, do not do anything that can cause premature labor. These factors include sex, intense physical activity, stress.
Prepare a bag with things to the hospital in advance. Take a list of documents, things that you will need at the antenatal clinic. Prepare it 2-3 weeks before the birth, so as not to forget anything, and you never know what.
You read on forums on the Internet a lot of advice and information about the upcoming birth - to your health. Useful for broadening one's horizons. But listen and do as the doctors and midwives in the hospital say.
Normal delivery is between 38 and 40 weeks. Every woman has a different period. The main thing is to know exactly when you need to go to the hospital.
The obstetrician-gynecologist will calculate the date of birth. For 1-2 weeks of the onset of contractions, harbingers of childbirth appear. They prepare the expectant mother for regular contractions.
Harbingers of childbirth:
- It becomes easier to breathe, because the head of the fetus is inserted into the small pelvis.
- The uterus is almost ready for contractions, so it becomes more excitable.
- There is a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen, in the lower back.
- A couple of days before the birth itself, a mucous plug comes out of the genital tract.
- Colostrum is secreted from the nipples.
- The appearance of regular contractions.
Contractions start in seconds long break. Gradually, the rest time is reduced, and the time of contractions increases. When they become regular 1 time in 5-7 minutes, go to the hospital. Assuming you live close to it. If you need to travel for a long time, go immediately with the appearance of the first contractions.
If this is your second child, don't delay. Go right away, the second birth is easier and faster than the first time.
Often, amniotic fluid is poured out before or with contractions. If this happens, go to the hospital. After the water breaks, you must give birth within 12 hours.
There are situations from which neither you nor anyone else is immune. And you need to act immediately, because you are already responsible for two lives, yours and the baby.
Emergency conditions:
- There are pain sensations in the abdomen.
- Blood discharge appears or amniotic fluid has an admixture of blood.
- The child stopped moving or, on the contrary, the movements intensified.
- The contractions are too painful or the uterus does not relax during the rest period.
- Deterioration of general well-being: dizziness, changes blood pressure etc.
Now you know everything a mom-to-be needs to know. Pregnancy is important for a woman. You are carrying a little man inside you. In fact, this is a wonderful state. You are special, you glow with happiness, everyone helps you in everything. You will always remember this state, tell the baby how you carried it in your tummy. So let it pass with you easily, only with a positive attitude. Being a mom is happiness.
The first pregnancy is associated with many fears and worries. The fact is that when expecting a child for the first time, a woman does not always know what she needs to do. Girlfriends and acquaintances say one thing, mother and grandmother say something completely different, and a doctor from the antenatal clinic claims the third. And how to understand how to behave, among huge amount completely opposite advice and opinions? Let's see the main points of what every new mother needs to know during pregnancy.
What pregnant women need to know in the first trimester
The first trimester of pregnancy is especially difficult for women. At this time, the body is just beginning to adapt to new sensations, and for the first time a girl expecting a child faces many problems and fears.
Most often, pregnant women first learn about their condition with the help of a test. However, every woman should know that only a gynecologist can accurately determine the presence of pregnancy and judge its success after appropriate tests and ultrasound examinations.
To make it easier for you to navigate your first pregnancy, we suggest you take a look at what happens in each trimester. To make it clearer to you, each section will be structured like this: what the mother feels, what changes the fetus experiences, what can and cannot be done during this period.
What does a woman feel in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy:
- The future mother stops menstruation and begins to produce progesterone;
- Toxicosis may be present, which is expressed in nausea in the morning, a sharp change in taste, dizziness and nausea in the morning;
In no case should such symptoms scare you. They are caused by changes occurring in the body: a decrease in immunity and hormonal changes.
How does the baby change by the first weeks:
- The baby already knows what gender he will be;
- Every minute a new million cells appear in his body;
- Gradually turns from an embryo into a little man;
- By the age of four weeks, the baby has all the necessary organs;
- Already at this time, the child is playing, moving his limbs, tongue and opening his mouth.
Already in the first trimester of pregnancy, the baby takes the form of a real person. Of course, he is no more walnut, but already has a well-defined shape.
What to do in the first trimester of pregnancy:
- Get registered with the antenatal clinic;
- Review your diet and lifestyle by giving up alcohol, smoking and harmful foods;
- Pass all the necessary tests and do an ultrasound;
- Choose a doctor who will guide you throughout your pregnancy;
- Find a doctor who will take care of your birth;
- Refuse hair coloring, depilation, nail coloring and other harmful procedures.
The first trimester of pregnancy is the most important for the baby. At this time, it is just beginning to form, and any unfavorable factor may affect its development. Therefore, it is very important to pay great attention during this period to changing your lifestyle for the better.
What every woman needs to know in the second trimester
The second trimester is considered the quietest of the three parts of pregnancy. At this time, the organs of the child have already formed, and childbirth is still far away. Therefore, you can afford a little more in the second trimester.
Many mothers practice keeping a calendar of their pregnancy in the mail. There women lay out their advice, ask questions, discuss problems. Such forums are a fulcrum for many inexperienced mothers.
Although you may already feel freer during this period of pregnancy, it is very important to take care of your health. Do not forget to visit a doctor and take all the necessary tests.
What should the expectant mother feel in the second trimester of pregnancy:
- Retreat of toxicosis, during this period in the mornings it is no longer sick, and there is no desire to eat herring with jam;
- The movements and pushes of the baby begin to be felt;
- There is a desire to have sex, hormonal changes are completed;
- The emergence of a "brutal appetite", because a growing body in the nutria needs a lot of building material.
The second trimester of a woman's pregnancy is not overshadowed by any unpleasant sensations. She feels only pleasant shocks, allowing her to communicate with the child.
What pregnant women need to know about a baby in the second trimester:
- The baby is halfway through fetal development and continues to grow rapidly;
- The baby hears extraneous sounds and reacts to them;
- He has already reached such a size that he is able to reach his mother's tummy with his arms and legs.
The baby in the second trimester is already fully developed, and is growing rapidly. At this time, extraneous factors no longer have such a great influence on the child.
What should a woman do in the second trimester:
- You can slowly finish all your business at work, because soon it will be possible to go on maternity leave;
- Sign up for childbirth preparation courses, and also start attending gymnastics classes for pregnant women;
- At this time, you need to do prevention from stretch marks and prepare the birth canal for the upcoming work;
- Buy special underwear and talk to your doctor about edema prevention;
Despite the fact that the second trimester of pregnancy is considered the most favorable, you must continue to lead a healthy lifestyle. Give up heavy physical activity and spend more time outdoors.
Everything a pregnant woman needs to know in the last trimester of pregnancy
The third trimester of pregnancy is the last weeks before childbirth. At this time, the body is preparing for the upcoming work, and the fetus is already fully formed.
How does a mother feel in the last trimester of pregnancy:
- It becomes more difficult for a woman to walk, move and bend down;
- The expectant mother is visited by frequent back pain;
- There is a surge of strength and increased activity;
- There is a feeling of fatigue from a long wait, and a desire to give birth as soon as possible.
Mom is already physically and mentally ready for childbirth. By the end of the third trimester, she will begin to feel training contractions and feel the harbingers of labor.
Baby in the third trimester:
- Already ready for life outside the womb and can breathe on its own;
- Every day, new convolutions appear in the baby's brain;
- The child plays with the umbilical cord, sucks his fingers and behaves like a full-fledged little person.
At this stage of pregnancy, the baby is ready for birth. happen to him last changes, and he is gaining strength before being born. At this time, a woman needs to walk often and gain strength before childbirth. It is also advisable to prepare bags for the hospital in advance.
First pregnancy: what you need to know about choosing a gynecologist
It is very important that your pregnancy is managed by an experienced gynecologist. And it is desirable that this person was not an encyclopedia, but an experienced doctor.
Experienced doctor:
- Does not prescribe a large number of drugs;
- Conducts inspections thoroughly;
- Asks a lot of questions at every examination;
- Ready to answer your call at any time of the day;
- Calls you if you do not contact him for a long time;
- Leads your individual card correctly;
- Answers all your questions in detail and correctly.
It is very important that an experienced doctor observes you during pregnancy, because its outcome largely depends on this factor. Therefore, do not be too lazy to spend time looking for a good specialist.
How the first pregnancy proceeds: what you need to know (video)
Pregnancy, especially if it is the first, is associated not only with pleasant sensations, but also with fears. We hope we were able to answer your main questions and help you plan your actions for the next nine months.