How to install the intercom. Diagram of connecting an intercom in a private house and apartment with your own hands. The device and features of connecting a video intercom

The modern owner of a private house is not faced with the question: to install or not to install an intercom system? Access control systems (ACS), which include intercoms, have become part of our life. Nowadays, the owners of country cottages often ask themselves questions: which intercom system to choose? Is it possible to install an intercom with your own hands without resorting to the services of specialists?

In this article, we will try to tell you in detail about the installation of intercoms in country cottages. Consider the issues of choosing components, consumables and tools. Let's talk about the technical solutions to ensure the reliable operation of the ACS.

By their functionality, intercom systems can be conditionally divided into two main types:

  • audio intercoms;
  • video intercoms.

Audio intercoms allow you to identify the visitor by voice. Owners of video intercoms can make identification, both by voice and visually. In addition, many intercom systems with video cameras can perform the function of a video recorder, recording video information on internal or external media. Oddly enough, the connection diagrams of the listed ACSs differ insignificantly. The main difference in the installation of video intercoms is the need to transmit a video signal. This requires two additional wires to be laid between the ringer and the doorphone.

It should be noted that manufacturers of intercoms offer devices in which communication between individual elements of the intercom system is carried out via a radio channel or via the Internet. For such systems, it is not required to lay long wires, but additional communication modules significantly increase the cost of access control.

As for the manufacturers of intercoms, such brands as: COMMAX, CTV, Falcon Eye, Kocom, Tantos other. Products of the same price range from these companies have similar functionality and comparable technical characteristics.

What accessories are required?

The basic set offered by manufacturers usually includes an intercom handset with a built-in or external power supply and an anti-vandal ringer. The video intercom kit includes a video terminal installed in the house and a call device with a built-in video camera. In both cases, the ringing device has a built-in contact that allows you to control the electric lock.

The minimum set of devices allows identification of the caller, but in order to admit or not let him into the controlled area, a lock is needed. Electric locks are of two types:

  • electromagnetic;
  • electromechanical.

Electromagnetic locks are held locked while electric current flows through the built-in coil. Electromagnetic locks, by virtue of their design, have the following feature: when the voltage fails, they open automatically. Therefore, to operate this type of locks in unstable conditions, a backup current source is needed. As such a source, you can use a battery or use an uninterruptible power supply.

Electromechanical locks latched mechanically, and opened with a built-in electromagnet. There are two types of electromechanical locks: electric latches and key cylinder locks. The latter option seems to be more preferable for country house... It allows the owner of the key to open the gate or door on their own when no one is in the house.

Electric locks consume quite a lot of current. Therefore, they require a separate power supply unit. Recently, BUZ drives (lock control units) have appeared on the market, with which you can replace the power supply units of electromagnetic locks. BUZ is an energy storage device that can be charged from a low-power voltage source. At the moment the signal is given to open the lock, the BUZ transfers the accumulated energy to the electromagnet.

Our country has a rather harsh climate. During severe frosts, it is not always possible to open the gate with an ordinary key. Electronic keys (chips) can be used to duplicate mechanical keys. In order to provide identification with an electronic key, a reader and a lock controller are required.

To open the gate from inside the home area, you need an outdoor button with a normally open contact. It is mounted directly next to the wicket.

Also for the correct operation of the door lock on the front door or wicket it is necessary to install a door closer.

To summarize: a complete set for installing an intercom in a private house will consist of:

  • intercom handset;
  • ringing device;
  • electromechanical lock;
  • power supply unit or BUZ;
  • reader;
  • controller;
  • button;
  • door closer.

When purchasing equipment from different manufacturers, pay attention to the compatibility of electronic units in terms of operating current and voltage! Also, pay attention to the operating temperature range of electronic equipment that will be placed outdoors.

In addition to the listed equipment, connecting wires will be needed to connect an intercom in a private house. As a power wire for the lock power supply, you can use cable with copper conductors in double insulation VVGng 2x0.75... As low-current (signal) wires, you can use twisted pair used in computer networks... Shielded versions of the twisted pair have greater noise immunity - FTP or STP... The industry produces specialized cables for access control systems. Cable KSPV well suited for audio intercoms. Cables with one shielded core ShVEV and ShVEP used for video surveillance systems, including video intercoms.

On a note! The letter "P" in the abbreviation for ShVEP cable means that the cable is overhead. It is suitable for open installation.

For laying cables in the ground or along a fence, you will need a so-called "corrugation" or straight plastic pipes... Plastic cable ducts can be used for outdoor wiring on building walls.

Of the little things, we can mention lugs for terminating stranded wires, heat shrink tubes of various diameters, insulating tape, terminal blocks, staples and ties for fastening wires.

Intercom connection tool

To install the intercom system, you need a common set of tools for electrical work: screwdrivers, wire cutters, pliers, a hammer drill or impact drill, etc. For soldering wires, you will need a 40-60 W soldering iron, flux and solder. It is a good idea to have a hot air gun, tools for stripping wires and crimping terminals.

Typical wiring diagrams for intercoms

Below we will give several typical schemes for connecting intercoms. But first, we note that in order to independently connect the ACS, you must have at least a little knowledge of electrical engineering. Blind copying of typical circuits can damage the equipment.

Advice! Before installing any component, carefully read the instructions supplied by the manufacturer.

One of the options for connecting an audio intercom handset with a ringer and an electromechanical lock is as follows:

Note! In this version, the normally open lock control contact is built into the earpiece.

The output voltage and power of the power supply must correspond to the parameters of the lock.

The following figure shows the connection diagram of the video intercom, in which the lock control contact is built into the door station.

Placement of the lock power supply unit requires space; a 220V cable must be laid to it. To get rid of these problems, instead of a power supply unit, a BUZ is often installed, which was described above. The following figure shows a diagram with a lock control unit.

BUZ is small in size, and many installation craftsmen place an energy storage device inside the castle.

Attention! The above circuit will work correctly only if the supply voltage of the calling unit matches the supply voltage of the lock.

Finally, we present a diagram for connecting an intercom with an electronic key reader and an electromagnetic lock control controller.

Intercom installation procedure

Before you start installation work it is necessary to draw up a plan for the placement of the elements of the intercom system. It is especially important to consider the location of the talking tube or video terminal. They should be located where people are most likely to be during the day. Perhaps the kitchen will be such a place.

Having drawn up a plan and evaluating the required amount of wire, they lay power and signal cables. Then the ACS elements are mounted. At the next stage, electrical connections are made and the performance of the intercom is checked.

Cable routing

Wires and cables should be laid in corrugated flexible pipes, plastic or metal. Corrugation can be used for outdoor wiring and when laying in walls, behind plasterboard. Low pressure polyethylene pipes can be used for laying cables in the ground. The depth of the cable in the ground must be at least 40 - 60 cm. When laying outside the walls of the wire, I lay the cable channels.

Attention! When laying cables for the intercom, it should be remembered that low-current and power cables cannot be laid in the same pipe. The proximity of power and signal cables can lead to interference, which will manifest itself in the form of a sound background from the network or noise in the image.

Three tips. Leave a small margin at the ends of cable lines. This will facilitate installation and make repairs easier.

If the line has to be made from several pieces, make solder joints and protect them using heat shrink tubing.

Laying the wire to the electromechanical lock put on the flexible protection in place of the bend.

Mounting the outdoor panel

When installing the video doorphone outdoor panel, try to provide maximum visibility in front of the wicket and the adjacent territory. Perhaps, for this, the outdoor panel will have to be turned towards the wicket.

Mounting the speaking tube

Usually, the delivery set of intercom handsets includes fasteners and additional accessories. That's why serious problems with the installation of the tube should not be. Mount an electrical outlet next to the handset and place the terminal at a height that is comfortable for all family members.

Controller mounting

The controller is placed near the ringing device and the electronic key reader. The controller can be placed in a sealed box or hidden in a niche behind the ringer. The main thing is that it is reliably protected from moisture and direct sunlight.

Connection and adjustment

The intercom units must be connected in accordance with the wiring diagram. To avoid mistakes mark the colors of the conductors and their purpose in the drawing. If you are using cables with stranded conductors, press lugs onto them. The use of lugs improves the reliability of the contacts.

As practice shows, it is correct assembled circuits intercoms start working immediately and do not need additional adjustment.

Electronic keys programming

When using the key reader controller, it is possible to "program" the chips. The procedure can be performed using the so-called master key or by switching the controller to programming mode using jumpers.

Programming with the key mater is performed as follows. First, the master key is brought to the reader. In this case, the controller is transferred to the programming mode. After that, a "programmable" key is brought to the reader. At this moment, the controller memorizes the key number. Thus, the "programmable" key gives permission to open the door.

In the absence of a master key, the controller can be switched to programming mode by switching jumpers. For details on this procedure, see the technical documentation.

Conclusion

In this article, we tried to tell you in detail about the installation of an intercom in a private house. We hope that after reading this text, you have received useful information.

Many people who have private houses or summer cottages are increasingly beginning to think about a convenient security system and access control to their territory. The simplest and most affordable option today is an individual intercom, which can be easily installed on your own without the involvement of specialists. To do this, you just need to strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions. If you have such a device, you can completely protect yourself from the visit of uninvited guests.

Why is it necessary to install an intercom in a private house

The main task that the intercom must perform is to ensure the safety of the owners of the house and to protect them from strangers. It is very important to have an audio or video intercom if there are elderly people living in the house or if there are small children who most need the maximum degree of protection. The presence of an intercom will help protect people from the danger that may arise due to excessive carelessness.

Installing a video intercom in a private house helps to ensure the safety of residents due to full control over the area in front of the gate

Thanks to the intercom, you do not have to leave the house and go through the entire courtyard to the gate in order to see who has come, since you can communicate with the visitor via audio or video communication and, if necessary, skip him by pressing a button on your device.

But before purchasing such a device, you need to determine exactly for what purposes it will be used and how much you are willing to spend on your safety. That is why everyone should know what types of intercoms exist at the present time, what functions they perform, what types of locks exist for these devices and how much all this equipment costs. It is also very important to know if it is possible, if necessary, to install an intercom in a private house with your own hands.

Types of intercoms and standard schemes for their connection

By their design features, intercoms differ in the type of signal they transmit. The devices can transmit a signal from the call panel to the main unit by audio or video:


Often, audio intercoms are installed in the entrances of multi-storey buildings, where they mainly play a warning function. The video intercom is more useful for private houses, since in a high-rise building it is installed only near the door of the apartment and is not intended for general use.

In a private household, a video intercom will play a large role, since the owner can not only hear, but also see the visitor and, if necessary, not let him into his territory.

Modern intercoms, in addition to the main elements (a ringing device, a lockable lock, a handset for negotiations and a power supply), can be equipped with additional functionality:

  • answering machine. If the owner is not at home, then thanks to this function he will be able to listen to the recordings left by the people who came, and even receive them on a mobile phone;
  • motion sensor. This device captures the visitor who is in the area of ​​its coverage. When a person appears near the device, his image is instantly transmitted to the TV monitor connected to the intercom;
  • memory block. Thanks to this function, the visitor's image is recorded on a special device from the moment the call button on the intercom was pressed. As the memory becomes full, old recordings are erased and replaced by new ones.

At the request of the owner of the house, the intercom can be equipped with an unlimited number of monitors and additional CCTV cameras.

Basically, all intercoms are connected to the outdoor panels using wires. There are also wireless devices, but their range is quite limited. Today, there are three typical schemes for wiring an intercom:


Home intercom device

Video intercoms are very popular among private house owners. Therefore, we will consider their structure in more detail.

The outdoor unit, which is mounted at the entrance to the house, is equipped with a video camera and a call button. There is also a negotiation device that allows you to communicate with the owners if there is little video communication. The camcorder can transmit black and white or color images.

From the call panel, you can call the monitor and talk to the hosts who will see the visitor on the screen

According to the installation method, call devices can be mortise and overhead:

  • mortise panels are more expensive, but they are better protected from burglary and various climatic conditions;
  • overhead blocks are produced in durable plastic cases, but they still wear out more and are subject to various mechanical damage. For such panels, domestic manufacturers offer durable protective pads that protect the device from breakage.

Indoor unit (monitor)

The indoor unit is a black and white or color monitor depending on the model. Black and white monitors are a thing of the past and are practically not produced. Color models are equipped with a screen with a diagonal size of 10 cm and a handset or hands-free button for answering a call. The monitor also has a button to open the lock, keys additional functions and buttons or knobs for adjusting the sound and picture.

Most modern video intercoms have a handsfree button instead of a handset.

Types of doorphone locks

An electromagnetic or electromechanical lock can be connected to the intercom. Both options are mains powered, so we'll look at how they work and what their characteristics are.

The electromechanical lock is a modern intercom locking device that opens with a single press of a button or special key... It operates on 12 V, so a step-down transformer is required for it.

Castle advantages

  1. Allows you to open a wicket or door at a certain distance (when connected to an intercom).
  2. It can work even in the absence of electricity (without the possibility of remote control).
  3. Manufactured with a high level of privacy and security.
  4. Can be equipped with a motor powered by a small electric motor.
  5. Has an electric latch that can be opened by turning the handle.

When choosing such a lock for outdoor use, it must be borne in mind that there is a button on its front side that you can reach with your hand, leaning over the fence, and open the gate. A street lock with electromechanics can be mortise and invoice.

You also need to know that in the event of a power outage, only the invoice version of the lock can work.

Before purchasing such a lock, you need to find out what type of door leaf it is suitable for and what is the principle of its operation. Experts recommend “Polis” or Fass Lock brand locks for a private house.

The electromechanical lock has a manual opening button, so intruders can enter unnoticed, bending over the gate or reaching the button through the slits in the canvas

An electromagnetic lock is designed to close a door or wicket and keeps them closed by means of a powerful electromagnetic board that attracts a steel plate mounted on the door or wicket. The electromagnet is mounted on door frame or strapping the wicket, and the steel plate is attached to the door or wicket itself.

In the closing mode, a current flows to the magnet winding, which creates a powerful electromagnetic field, which quickly attracts the steel plate to itself. As a result, the wicket, held by a magnet, is closed. In order for it to open, tension must be relieved from the lock. This is done by pressing a button on the intercom: the circuit is opened, the electromagnetic field disappears and the gate opens.

The electromagnetic lock works only when the voltage is applied to it, so if your power is suddenly cut off, the gate may remain open

By their design, the locks can be working for separation and shear, as well as overhead and mortise.

The most popular are overhead models that work on tear-off. Due to the fact that such locks do not contain moving and rubbing elements, they serve for many years and can work in any weather conditions.

But if the power supply suddenly stops, the lock will stop working and the door will remain open. To prevent such situations, you will have to install an uninterruptible power supply system.

Electromagnetic locks vary in the strength with which they hold the front door. This value is set in kilograms and should be much larger than the mass of the wicket. For medium-sized wickets, a lock with a holding capacity of 300–400 kg is sufficient.

How to independently install and connect a video intercom

In order to start installing the intercom, we need the following tools:

  1. Sharp knife.
  2. Powerful rotary hammer and drill bits.
  3. Electric screwdriver.
  4. Spatula and lance or wall chaser for creating chases in walls.
  5. Grinder and discs for cutting metal.
  6. Various screwdrivers.
  7. Comfortable pliers.
  8. Nice hammer.
  9. Spatula and kneading utensils.

In addition, you need to prepare:

  1. Power cable (length is calculated individually).
  2. UTP cable (twisted pair).
  3. Several outlets.
  4. Automatic switch.
  5. Self-tapping screws and dowel-nails.
  6. Electrical tape, protective clothing.
  7. Corrugated pipe for wires (you can use a straight pipe).
  8. Cable channels.
  9. Putty mixture for sealing the strobe.
  10. Drills of various diameters.
  11. Perforated tape and hardware.

Step-by-step diagram of installing a video intercom with an electromechanical lock

  1. We choose a convenient and accessible place on the wicket or gate to place the outdoor panel. We disassemble the panel and mark the place of its installation. We drill holes for fasteners and wires.

    The outdoor panel can be installed at an angle to the surface of the wicket, for which there is a special adapter included in the kit

  2. From the front side, we run a four-core wire and connect it as indicated in the instructions.
  3. We lead the cable to the installation site of the controller, which is a plastic box located near the lock. This way we have to run fewer wires and make connections more convenient. The controller can be installed in an outdoor enclosure or embedded in a wall.

    The lock controller is a small printed circuit board that can be mounted in a plastic box next to the lock or embedded in the wall

  4. Install a reader next to the door station, and an exit button on the back of the gate. We reduce the wires (two cores) from each of the devices to the controller and connect them to the corresponding connectors (DALLAS and "EXTERNAL SD" for the controller and "BUTTON" for the exit button). Connect the wires from the door station in parallel with the exit button.
  5. We check the correctness of all connections. We unscrew the call panel, fasten its rear wall with self-tapping screws to the installation site. Putting it back together.
  6. Next, we go into the house and install the monitor. We attach the bracket included in the delivery set to the dowels. There should be a 220V socket nearby. If it is not there, you will have to start a power wire from the electrical panel. Then it is better to connect the equipment to a separate machine and sign it. This will make it much more convenient to deal with the wires in the future. After that, we hang the monitor on the bracket.

    The video intercom monitor is hung on a bracket that is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws

    7. We install the power supply. It must supply voltage to the lock and all devices located on the gate. It is best to use an outdoor device and mount it near the lock. For electromechanical locks, a 12 V and 3 A power supply is needed; for an electromagnetic locking device, a 12 V and 1 A source is sufficient.

    The lock, controller and other components of the access control system are best powered from a nearby source.

    We lay the cable. We run the wires running along the street underground in special engineering pipes made of plastic or metal. In total, you need to lay one four-wire cable for connecting the monitor and the ringer and one two-wire cable for supplying 220 V. security sensors, etc.

    For laying underground, cables are pulled into corrugated hoses and laid in a dug trench in plastic or metal pipes

  7. We do the wiring in the house. It can be either open or recessed into the walls. But for the hidden laying of the wire, we will have to groove the walls, and then cover them with putty and alabaster. It is best to do preliminary closed wiring for the intercom when the house is just being built or renovated. If there are no laid cables, and you do not want to spoil the wallpaper or paint, we choose an open type of wiring. To do this, we lay cables along the walls from the outside, running them into plastic cable channels.
  8. We connect a four-core cable to the intercom according to the following scheme:
    • yellow - audio channel;
    • black - common;
    • red - 12 volts ("plus");
    • white - video image.
  9. We install the lock on the gate. The surface of the counter plate must be installed without distortions, since otherwise the lock will not fit snugly against it and close. Since the operation of the lock is performed using a relay, a common wire is connected to it, and a positive contact is connected to the controller ("+12 V" terminal). All work should be carried out with the power off.

    The electromechanical lock has a tongue that must fit tightly into the striker

  10. We program keys. In order for the owners to enter the house, you need to provide them with access keys. Information about each identifier is recorded in the controller's memory. On the first activation, it will react with infrequent signals with sound and light. First, you need to create a master key using a special procedure described in the instructions. Then, one by one, we bring each subscriber key to the reader and wait for the confirmation signal. In this way, we write the required number of identifiers into memory, making sure that the time between entries is no more than 16 seconds.

    After programming, the information about the access code from each key is written into the controller's memory, and the device is allowed to pass

  11. We check the work of the intercom. To do this, make a call from the panel - the monitor must give a signal. We pick up the phone, talk to check the volume and sound quality, and also try to open the gate. If all actions were successful, it means that we have installed the intercom correctly and can be used. Usually difficulties arise with the installation of a lock and controller. Therefore, if a problem is found, the first step is to carefully check the correctness of all connections to this device.

Video: how to install an intercom with your own hands

The device and features of connecting a video intercom

To connect the video intercom, you need a four-core cable. In the store, you can purchase a special wire, where two copper conductors are located next to a coaxial two-wire wire. It is called a combo video cable. Usually a cable of the KVK-P 2x0.75 brand is used.

The video on-door speakerphone is connected to the outdoor panel with a combined video cable, which has one shielded core

For the lock, two more wires are added, which will allow you to control its mechanism without leaving your home. The call panel is usually screwed at a height of 150 cm from the ground.

If we are going to install a wireless intercom, there is no need to lay and connect the cable. You just need to properly supply the power.

Video on-door speakerphone Quantum QM-4HP

Many people prefer to install a convenient, practical and reliable Quantum QM-4HP video intercom in their private home.

Quantum QM-4HP is one of the most popular models among private home owners

Its main characteristics:

  • four-inch (approximately 10 cm diagonally) CRT monitor;
  • parallel work of up to 4 monitors in one system;
  • door opening button;
  • connection of one outdoor panel;
  • installation of a video memory block;
  • connecting an additional audio tube.

Connection diagram of the Quantum QM-4HP video on-door speakerphone

The video intercom is connected according to the standard four-wire circuit, which we described above. Therefore, this model can be used to install an access control system in a private house according to our step-by-step instructions.

The Quantum QM-4HP video on-door speakerphone can be used with an additional video camera and a 32-frame memory unit

In order to install the intercom correctly, you must strictly follow all the manufacturer's recommendations and understand the intricacies of installing electrical wires and devices. If everything is done according to the instructions, then you will not have to involve specialists and spend additional funds on the installation of this device. As a result, you will get an excellent intercom with an audio or video system, which will greatly facilitate your life in a private house.

Now almost any entrance of multi-storey buildings, office buildings is equipped with an intercom. This is done in order to prevent unauthorized entry into the territory, access to which is by definition limited. What is this device, how exactly is it arranged?

Device and principle of operation

The intercom is an electromagnetic locking device with the ability to remotely control the opening and closing process from remote controls (tubes) located in apartments or offices. The system is installed on the driveway and protects the building from unwanted intrusion.

Depending on the system for connecting apartments to the intercom device, digital and coordinate devices are distinguished.

With a coordinate switching system, a separate cable goes to each apartment from the intercom, while with a digital one, there is only one connecting cable. It would seem that digital intercoms should be cheaper, however, in fact, everything is exactly the opposite - their cost is almost 3 times higher than that of coordinate systems. But it is believed that this pays off due to the higher reliability and security of such a communication system.

By the type of communication, intercoms are divided into audio and video devices. From the name it is clear that video intercoms have a screen that displays the identity of the caller, and audio devices provide only voice communication. Naturally, devices that transmit video images provide more high level protection, but do not forget about the price aspect - they are much more expensive than voice intercoms and, as a result, are much less common. Typically, video devices are installed at the gates of large private properties.

Connection to digital intercoms

How to properly connect a digital intercom tube in an apartment? This is not difficult at all, provided you follow a few rules. The subscriber unit of the intercom system consists of a panel and a tube. The panel is usually installed on the side of front door, the place of installation of the tube, if desired, can be anywhere, the only thing is that there will need to be a cable from the panel. Internal structure the intercom handset is almost no different from the telephone one - it also has a microphone with a speaker and a microcircuit. The driveway unlock button can be located both on the handset and on the wall panel.

On the rear side of the panel part of the device there are two terminals with polarity markings ("+" and "-"). You need to connect a two-wire line to them. It is important not to reverse the polarity of the wires during installation - otherwise the system will not function.

To facilitate this process, wires of the same polarity are usually of the same color.

The initial installation of the intercom system is always carried out by professionals, independent replacement comes down to buying a new intercom, actually replacing and connecting the wires. Before buying a handset, check the type of your intercom. Different models are available for digital and coordinate systems. The diagram for connecting the handset to a digital intercom has its own characteristics. During the installation process, you need to dial the apartment number. This is how it is done.

  • Carefully open the uniphone case. You will see that the microcircuit has paired pins numbered 1-2-4-8
  • Using special jumpers, connect the pairs in parallel so that the sum of their numbers equals the number of your apartment. For apartment number 15, for example, you need to close the first four pairs.

Please note that malfunctions with one apartment intercom can affect the functioning of the entire system, this is the main disadvantage of such systems. In order to localize the fault within one floor, floor controllers can be additionally integrated into the system.

Installation on the device of the coordinate matrix type

Connecting the handset to an analog (coordinate matrix) device is different from the same operation with a digital device. An analog intercom system works on the principle of a telephone exchange - a switchboard carries out reception, analysis and connection with the desired subscriber. Subscribers are usually connected to the system in parallel.

There are 2 special buses designed to connect the intercom with the switchboard. On the first bus, contacts (D0-D9) are responsible for tens in apartment numbers, on the second (E0-E9) - for units. Connect the wire from the terminal with the plus sign to the contact responsible for the ten in your room (for apartment No. 87 - 8), the wire from the negative terminal is connected to the single contact (in our example, 7).

If there are more than 100 apartments in your entrance, the intercom model must correspond to this number (there must also be a third bus responsible for hundreds in apartment numbers). The principle is the same.

In some cases, when installing an intercom system, the customizers reprogram the panel by shifting the numbers by a certain amount. This action is performed, for example, if it is impossible to connect hundredth numbers. In such a situation, you will not be able to connect the tube with your own hands; you will have to call the specialist who set up your system. Switches are usually installed on each floor in distribution boards and connected to each other in a parallel circuit.

It is also possible to install one switching device for the entire entrance, but in such a situation, additional tens of meters of cable will be required in order to consistently connect apartments on the upper floors. If, when connecting at least one subscriber intercom to the analogue entrance system, the polarity of the wire connection is violated, this may affect the functioning of all devices in the system, as is the case with digital intercom.

Possible malfunctions

During the operation of the intercom system, various malfunctions:

  • mechanical damage to the tube;
  • when picking up the handset, the signal continues to sound;
  • failure of the lock unlocking button;
  • the voice of the caller is hard to hear;
  • if you press the door open button, the call is canceled.

In the first case, it is easier to replace the damaged part (tube), because they are not so expensive. The main thing is to choose the right intercom for your model of the intercom system. In situations where the call signal does not turn off when you pick up the handset, there is no communication with the caller and there is no reaction to pressing the lock control button - look for a breakdown in the off-hook switch. It can be repaired or replaced with your own hands, however, it is still recommended to entrust it to professionals, especially if you have not done anything like this before. This procedure requires some experience and appropriate tools.

If you have to press the electric button several times to open the lock, the microswitch is to blame. It is not difficult to change this part yourself, even if it is located on the intercom handset. It is enough to carefully unsolder the contacts of the defective part, remove it and solder a new one. If the visitor is hard to hear, it is the speaker or the microphone. In some models, such a malfunction may be caused by clogging of the "Balance" resistor installed on the doorphone handset board.

In the latter case, you can independently try to twist the resistor lever, in most cases, audibility is restored.

Unauthorized disconnection of a call when unlocking the lock can be caused by an interruption in the electrical circuit coming from the speaker. In this case, carefully inspect all the cable connection points - both on the panel and on the uniphone. Switch off the appliance first, of course. If there is a break somewhere, you need to replace the wire or solder the contacts of the wire and terminals. Summing up, we can say the following: in many cases, you can replace a damaged tube of both digital and coordinate-matrix intercoms yourself, this is a fairly simple action. Only in some cases is it worth calling the wizards of your intercom system.

For information on how to connect different intercom handsets, see the next video.

Intercom is not only a luxury, but also a security system. These devices are widespread, they are installed in apartment buildings, in private areas and in offices. The installation procedure depends on the type of information transfer, the method of connecting subscribers and their number.

Who is the subscriber, and how the intercom works

Subscriber panel

The subscriber of the intercom system is the owner of an apartment in an apartment building or the owner of a private house. Subscriber is a collective term. If in mobile systems one device corresponds to each subscriber, then for intercoms this concept does not mean a person, but defines a panel through which users can communicate with a visitor from an apartment or office space. Communication is carried out between the guest and the host through a system of speakers and microphones. These two voice contact parts are mounted in the external panel of the doorphone and are manufactured in the form of a handset in the internal panel.

Some interior panel models do not have tubes themselves and are used on a hands-free basis. Communication between the guest and the subscriber is hands-free. But still, the inner panels are called "tube".

Components of the intercom

This device consists of several basic elements that allow contacting subscribers and controlling access to the entrance.

  • External panel. A key reader is installed on this panel. This device works as follows: when the key is applied, the cipher is read and compared in the microcontroller base. If there is a match, then the door opens. The panel is equipped with buttons with numbers from 0 to 9 and two functional buttons, usually * and #. This mini-keyboard allows you to access the entrance or use the service menu. In the service menu, you can include a specific key in the microcontroller base, turn on and off the maintenance of certain apartments by the system. All actions of the reader and buttons are reflected on the screen of the external panel.

Doorphone outer panel
  • Internal panel. Depending on the cost of the system, audio or video intercoms can be installed. Cameras are not necessarily built into an external panel, they can be used separately. For example, a camera is added to a common simple system right next to the apartment itself. By calling the owner from the street and gaining access to the entrance, the guest will have to go through another barrier - a video intercom to the apartment. The intercom configured in this way allows you to control persons who entered the entrance in an incomprehensible way.
  • Switch. This part serves as a kind of information disseminator from the outer panel to the tubes. Depending on which apartment number was entered by the guest, the switchboard sends a ringing signal to the corresponding subscriber. The operation of the switch depends on the type and connection of the tubes.

Switch
  • Entrance exit button. Allows you to open the door from inside entrance. This element is usually more convenient when it is backlit.
  • Lock. Used to connect an intercom with an electromagnetic and electromechanical lock. An intercom with an electric lock is more reliable.

The intercom comes with its own lock

Types of intercoms

Intercoms can be classified according to different principles:

  • by the type of information transmitted. Distinguish between audio and video door phones. If audio devices allow you to hear the guest, then video cameras also allow you to see him;
  • by the method of information transmission. Systems with a minimum of wires are increasingly used in the modern world. Wired intercom is being supplanted by wireless devices;
Antenna transmits signal from external panel
  • according to the intercom connection diagram. This is the main feature of the partitioning of intercom systems. The intercom connection diagram directly affects the operation and installation complexity of the entire system.

Audio and video intercoms

Audio devices allow two-way audio contact. Products with a built-in video camera reproduce the picture on the screen of the internal panel. Modern devices can work both with one video camera, and with several. The intercom working with additional cameras allows you to control the entire perimeter of the site.

Wireless transmission

Signal transmission in the form of radio waves, without using a wire for the intercom, makes life easier. Radio intercoms have the advantage of controlling the entrance and controlling the lock remotely from various locations in the house.

Important! You can install a wireless intercom anywhere. But these products require a cable to connect the intercom to the electricity network.

Digital and coordinate intercoms

The digital intercom is characterized by the fact that the tubes are connected in series, like a garland. The main disadvantage of such a connection scheme is the dependence of the entire system on the functioning of each tube. If one of the tubes fails, the entire system will stop working. This causes certain difficulties in troubleshooting, because it is necessary to identify a non-working element empirically.

To facilitate troubleshooting and monitoring the operation of the tubes, floor microcontrollers are installed. These products help to set up the intercom, determine the working condition of the tubes for each floor. It works as follows: the floor switch sends a signal along the loop, if the signal does not pass, then troubleshoot this floor. Up to 5 subscribers can be connected to such a floor switch.


Digital intercom

The digital system works by sending a certain digital signal to the switchboard, which is encoded depending on the called apartment. This signal is sent along the loop of all pipes for verification with their codes. If there is a match, then the outer panel contacts the matched tube. The cipher on the tube is set using special jumpers in the body of the inner panel. In the body of each tube there are 8 jumpers under the digital values ​​1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128. A certain combination of switched on and off jumpers determines the cipher - the apartment number. The sum of all included jumpers must match the apartment number. With simple calculations, one can understand that up to 255 subscribers can be connected to one entrance.

Coordinate intercoms are independent of each other. Therefore, the exit of one component from the working state will not cause a failure of the entire system. In this scheme, the tubes are connected to the switch with separate wires. The switch has two boards to which you need to connect wires from the internal panels. When establishing a connection, you must maintain the polarity of the connections, otherwise it will cause malfunctions in the system. A standard coordinate intercom has the ability to connect up to 80 subscribers. One switch board has 8 connection slots for tens with values ​​from 0 to 7, and the second board has 10 connectors for ones with values ​​from 0 to 9.


Coordinate intercom scheme

How to install an intercom with your own hands

Many people ask the question, is it possible to connect a digital intercom yourself? Let's say you need to install an intercom in the apartment at number 55. Connecting the intercom in the apartment to the wire from the switch is not all the steps that are required for the functioning of the new device. Intercom setting is required. How do you do it?

  • Open the body of the part.
  • There will be a system of 8 jumpers. Put them all off.
  • You need to dial the amount 55. Start with the largest number, but which less number 55 is the number 32.
  • Then go in descending order. If the second lower number in the sum with the first gives the amount more than the required one, then do not include it. So 32 plus 16 equals 48, which is less than 55. Therefore, we turn on the jumper under the value 16.
  • We add 8 to the total of 48, we get 56, which is more than 55. Switch 8, previously turned off, should remain in this position.
  • The sum is still 48, to it we add the next toggle switch with a face value of 4, the sum becomes equal to 52. This is less than 55, we turn on this jumper.
  • It remains to type another term with a value of 3 to get the sum of 55. By successively adding the remaining jumpers 2 and 1, you can dial the sum of 55. Therefore, we include them as well.
  • So, we get the included jumpers for 55 - 1, 2, 4, 16, 32. Disabled - 8, 64, 128.

Attention! If the device was previously installed, then you do not need to climb into the switch and connect to the system. Installing an intercom in an office is no different from installing it in an apartment.

Do-it-yourself intercom installation for the coordinate diagram is done as follows.

  • The switch has two boards with buses for connecting tens and ones from the value of the apartment. For number 55, tens - 5, ones - 5.
  • Which cable should I plug into a specific slot? We connect the positive contact to tens. Negative wire - also to units. You can determine the board by the number of slots. This fact will help not to confuse the wires.

The process of self-connection does not require complex work, you just need to observe the polarity of the wires and do simple calculations.

Video on how to connect the intercom yourself:

In contact with

Comments (1)

Unfortunately, there are no comments or reviews yet, but you can leave your ...

New articles

New comments

S.A.

Grade

Svetlana

Grade

Sergey

Grade

Sergey

Grade

Alexey

By installing an intercom, residents are waiting for an increase in the level of safety and comfort. Agree, this useful device limits unwanted access to your territory, successfully complementing a reliable front door or wicket. The audio or video communication function that has appeared after installation will not be superfluous, which is especially practical and useful for residents of apartment buildings. There is nothing complicated in the installation of all the components, so it is not so important to resort to the services of specialists. This article will help to verify this, in which we described how the installation and connection of an intercom with an electromagnetic lock is performed.

How to mount an intercom in a private house?

The main elements of the access system are:

  • calling device;
  • locking lock (systems with an electric lock or with a magnetic lock);
  • interphone tube (or video intercom);
  • power unit.

The auxiliary part is the connecting part.

First, let's figure out the installation of the main parts of the system, and then move on to the installation and connection of wires. To understand what will be discussed further, let us turn to a visual diagram of an intercom in a private house:

Let us first analyze the installation of its elements indoors. Namely, the talking tube (No. 1) and the power supply (No. 2).

  • The power supply provides constant voltage to other elements of the system. It can be installed next to a talking tube or near an electrical distribution board. The connection is made by means of an ordinary plug into a 220 V socket. The ringing device and the electromechanical doorphone lock are powered from it.
  • The tube is mounted in a convenient place. The installation site is usually the wall at the front door. We attach it to the wall and mark the points for the holes. We drive dowels into the finished holes. The intercom can now be securely fastened with self-tapping screws. The intercom tube is connected according to the diagram below:

It is clear from it that the intercom is connected with two wires. A two-wire telephone wire or twisted pair can be used as a connecting cable.

This completes the installation of equipment inside the premises - we go outside. Here we have to install an electric lock and a ringing device.

  • The ringing device is attached at the entrance to the site. But it would be wrong to install it directly on the gate, since this is associated with the arrangement of an additional flexible connection, which entails a decrease in reliability and an increase in the wear of the connecting wires. Therefore, it should be installed and connected on a fence or on a post at the entrance. We fasten the outdoor panel in the same way as the tube - with self-tapping screws. For example - like this:

In real life it will look like this:

  • In a private house, an electromechanical lock is used as a locking device. It is installed on one of the "stiffnesses" of the entrance gate structure, and the counterpart on the frame. The connection will not pose any particular problems, since a two-wire cable is connected to it and sits on the marked terminals. According to the design of the fence and the gate, the wire is laid in plastic channels, and the transition point of the flexible connection is laid in the corrugation.

A few words about connection. It is much easier to install wires if the installation of the system is known at the design stage. Then all control and power lines are neatly hidden inside the walls, without disturbing the aesthetics of the room. Otherwise, in order not to cut the walls, the cable is hidden in.

The video below clearly shows the procedure for installing and connecting an intercom system in a private house:

Features of video intercom installation

The video intercom is mounted in the same way as the intercom tube - in a place convenient for communication. Additionally, you will need to install a video camera near the entrance to the room or area. But to connect it, you need to use a circuit that uses 4 wires, and not 2, as with an audio tube. Consider it:

As you can see, the cores are responsible for power supply and transmission of audio and video signals. The wire responsible for video transmission is braided to reduce interference and pickup from nearby supply conductors. To connect a video intercom with your own hands, you can use the KBK P 2 2x0.75 cable. It will also be useful to look at the instructions for the video intercom, where you can find a specific circuit.

You can learn how to connect the wires correctly from this video:

How to mount an intercom in an apartment

The principle of connecting an intercom in an apartment is not much different from a private house. The only thing is that the footage of cables is significantly increased, and special switching equipment is required to connect all subscribers with the outdoor panel. Now in more detail. Let's start traditionally with the scheme:

It is worth noting that a magnetic lock is usually installed on the front door in the entrance, with a high retention force.

Perhaps the most difficult stage is to connect the intercom to the outdoor panel at the entrance to the front door. We start by laying the cable from the apartment to the dashboard located on the landing. We lead the wire from the apartment to the dashboard, laying it in a plastic cable channel, then carefully lower it down the shaft of the dashboard to the first floor. Further, laying in a corrugation, we lead to the call panel or to the place where the switch is installed.

Then you need to install and connect the tube. The place of installation should be convenient and accessible - as in the case of a video intercom in a private house, this is a wall near the front door. We fasten it with self-tapping screws into pre-hammered dowels. Let's move on to connecting the intercom in the apartment. Removing the front bezel reveals the terminals. There can be two or four of them, depending on the selected type of device. The presence of four terminals indicates the possibility of connecting one more additional speech tube. The photo shows the connection procedure:

It is also possible to organize a simpler connection when the ringer is mounted directly behind the apartment entrance door, as in the picture:

In such a scheme, there is no electric lock, and the system is used only for video communication.

At the end of the article, I would like to talk about which wires to use. As mentioned above, to connect a video intercom, use signal cables of the KVK P 2 2x0.75 type or a twisted pair FTP 4x2x0.51. You can connect the audio tube with a two-wire telephone wire or twisted pair. For powering the electric lock, a two-wire 2x0.75 is suitable.

Also note one important nuance with regards to electric locks associated with access to the premises. When the electromagnetic lock stops working and the door opens automatically, the electromechanical lock will still remain closed. Keep this important detail in mind both during the operational phase and when choosing a kit for your own conditions.

It is by this principle that the intercom is installed and connected with your own hands. As you can see, in a private house and apartment it is not difficult to carry out the installation yourself, the main thing is to know the provided rules and have a suitable tool at hand!