What profile is it better to choose plastic windows from? How to choose a suitable window profile Comparison of pvc profiles

IVAPER GmbH is one of the leading suppliers of PVC profiles in Russia. The main activity is the production and supply of IVAPER plastic window and door profiles. The production process takes place under the constant supervision of German technical specialists. Brand quality, reliability, stylish design - these are the distinctive features of IVAPER profiles.

LG Chem, Ltd., South Korea - is a division of the international corporation LG, which has long and well established itself in Russia. Today LG Chem is largest manufacturer PVC profile. As a manufacturer of PVC profiles, the company has a long history, the first batch of profiles left the line in 1976. For 30 years now, we have been improving our systems, focusing on the internal needs and characteristics of the product markets. LG profile is successfully sold in the USA, Japan, China, India, Turkey, and other countries.

The Provedal profile system has been successfully used for over 15 years. The developer of such profiles is the Spanish company Provedal Systemas. On the territory of Russia, due to the high coefficient of thermal conductivity, they have found their main application for glazing loggias and balconies. Made of metal and glass, they provide excellent protection against strong wind, noise, dust and precipitation.

In 2003, a Russian-South Korean joint venture was opened to produce slidors profiles specially adapted for operation in Russian climatic conditions. SLIDORS is a sliding PVC profile system for glazing balconies and loggias, developed by the South Korean company "HANWHA".

When choosing a profile for a double-glazed window, every detail is important. It would seem that all plastic windows are the same. However, in fact, it turns out that the service life of approximately the same products is different, and the quality characteristics of some often leave much to be desired. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the choice of a profile with all responsibility.

Structure

The PVC profile is a plastic frame for a glass unit. Despite the apparent simplicity, this design is not simple. In the cross-section of the profile, many air chambers are visible. Due to them, the preservation of heat is ensured. The more of them, the better the level of thermal protection.

For rigidity and reliability, a metal frame is inserted into the base of the profile. This process in production is called reinforcement. Due to the reinforcement, the profile becomes stronger, the possibility of its deformation and resistance to structural changes under the influence of negative environmental factors (for example, rain, gusty winds and frosts) is excluded. The profile material is polyvinyl chloride.

Regardless of the type of profile, metal strips inside it are an important factor that must be considered when ordering. It is because of them that the profile is called metal-plastic

Longitudinal chambers in frame structures are not only responsible for keeping warm. They are frame reinforcements. The outer sections drain off condensation that can occur inside the cavities due to the temperature difference between the room and the outside.

At the bottom of the structure, they are connected to the atmosphere. Due to this, drops, when they appear, flow down into the street. The presence of such holes does not in any way affect the level of heat in the room: the heat in the room does not decrease. Outwardly, such elements do not spoil the aesthetic appearance of the windows, since in most cases they are closed with plugs or are simply not visible against the background of the entire structure. The presence of these holes indicates a high-quality window. It will be more durable than a modification without them.

Peculiarities

Plastic profile (PVC) is the basis of windows. The reliability and durability of the entire structure depends on him. Sashes and fittings are made of this material, a double-glazed window is installed in it. The main characteristics of the window structure depend on it, including the level of sound insulation, as well as tightness. It also affects the retention of heat in the room.

The metal-plastic profile is a sash and a frame with a different number of chambers (up to 8). The most popular products among buyers are options for 2-3 compartments. The main factor in the technical characteristics is the size of the windows. So, varieties of the panoramic type are characterized by lower noise and heat insulation properties in comparison with their smaller counterparts.

Due to the increase in heat retention in such structures during installation, one has to resort to polyurethane foam when filling the chambers. In addition, structures can have a fiberglass coating with stiffening ribs. One of the important characteristics during installation are the floor thickness and the installation width. It is they who are responsible for the rigidity of the profile structure and the reliability of the doors themselves.

The modern plastic profile for windows differs from analogs in the period of its appearance. Today, its quality characteristics are quite high, as are the decorative possibilities. Technological and functional frames have long replaced wood counterparts, making the glazing reliable and ergonomic. Unlike wood, PVC does not shrink. Such windows will not deform during operation.

PVC windows can be installed in various types of buildings. They can replace wooden frames in houses that have already completed their active shrinkage phase. At the same time, residents will be protected not only from cold and noise, but also from dust. Usually, such structures stretch any, even boring room design and look harmoniously in the architectural context of buildings of different types. The ability of plastic to imitate any texture makes it possible to use such frames in any design style.

The surface of the profile can be matte, glossy and even three-dimensional. Color solutions of such products are varied today and can satisfy every taste. For example, you can select a profile for expensive types of wood (wenge), show an imitation of aged wood.

When more luxurious solutions are needed, they choose plastic under the stone and even the skin of reptiles. The pattern depends on the preferences of the client: trade marks today are often ready to fulfill an individual order of the buyer.

Specifications

Among the main characteristics of such a profile are:

• resistance to oxidation, high temperature;
• resistance to moisture and water;
• safety for the health of households;
• aesthetic appeal;
• low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• variability of the forms of structures;
• fitting into any historical design of architecture;
• varying degrees of complexity of structures and mechanisms of operation of windows;
• rich color palette.

In care, such a profile is simpler than its wood counterpart. It does not need to be covered with stain or other paint over time. To clean the surface, in most cases it is sufficient to use a damp cloth or semi-dry sponge. However, in the event of significant mechanical damage, scratches may form on it, which cannot be hidden in any way. This is the main disadvantage of such designs.

Variants with a different number of cameras differ in operational characteristics. For this reason, their choice is often based on the climatic conditions of the region. If winters are cold and windy in it, they try to choose cameras with a large number of compartments. At the same time, preference is given to the greater thickness of the glass unit.

The profile itself is environmentally friendly. It is far from the harmful plastic that was produced in production before. Such a frame with sashes will not emit toxic substances during the operation of the window. When choosing, it is important to pay attention to the number of cameras. If the glazing is cold, there should be at least 3. Such profiles can be used for balconies, loggias and premises technical kind... When it is planned to glaze the heated buildings (school, house, apartment, restaurant), the number of required cameras increases to 5.

Views

In addition to polyvinyl chloride, aluminum or steel is used in the construction of PVC profiles for windows. Metal is used in horizontal and vertical elements ... The production of profiles is subject to the requirements of GOST 30673-99 in our country and EN 12608 SR in European countries.

The profile of the first group is the best option and is intended for residential buildings. It is characterized by a thickness of the outer walls of the order of 2.8 mm and more, of the inner walls - from 2.5 mm. This variety is more resistant to accidental mechanical damage. The analogue of category "B" is distinguished by a smaller wall thickness.

The inner walls are 2 mm thick, while the outer ones are 1/3 mm thinner. It seems to be a little, but that is why such options are less resistant to mechanical stress. They can be used for both heated and unheated premises. Profile marked "C" is characterized by lower thickness values ​​of both walls. In the language of specialists, it is called object.

Unlike the two previous options, it does not have a standardized thickness (it is clearly less than categories "A" and "B"). The disadvantage is the design itself of this type: it does not have opening doors. The solidity of such windows makes them less demanded by buyers. These varieties are used in unheated rooms.

In fact, all existing varieties of plastic profiles for windows can be divided into 3 types:

• economy;
• standard;
• suite.

Window plastic profile can be main and additional. Today you can buy a profile on store shelves:

• connective;
• stand;
• reinforcing;
• expansive;
• U- and F-shaped.

These are tubular structures with blocks inside, from which the window frame is folded. Cameras come in different shapes and sizes. Some of them are not related to each other or to external environment... They are sealed, while others are used for ventilation. Depending on the size, air filling and the number of chambers, such profiles have different purposes. Some of them are used for technical premises, others can be used for residential buildings.

The L-shaped view is characterized by the strengthening of the two walls of the profile. The U-shaped type is a three-wall reinforcement. When closed, all parts are hardened. In this case, the choice of profile depends, among other things, on the number of glasses in the structure. Framed cameras directly depend on this.

Varieties differ in the degree of frost resistance. Thus, the frost-resistant versions marked "M" are designed for temperatures up to -50 degrees C (control load). Analogs of normal performance are suitable for regions with subzero temperatures down to -20-40 degrees C. The difference depends on the type of base material used.

Dimensions (edit)

Profile parameters are determined by its width and thickness. In this regard, manufacturers try to adhere to standard values. A common frame version can have dimensions of 58x63x43 mm. In this case, the dimensions of the sash are 58x77x57 mm, the impost - 58x87x47 mm.

When the profile contains 6 chambers, its thickness can be 85-90 mm. At 70mm it usually has up to 5 chambers. In the first case, the profile is thick and not suitable for every window opening. 70mm is considered the best option if you need up to 5 cameras.

The thickness of the front wall of class "A" is on average 3 mm. For analogs of category "B" this indicator is reduced by half a millimeter. The non-front side of classes "A" and "B" is thinner by 0.5 mm each from the values ​​of the front wall. In category "C" manufacturers do not indicate data. The mounting width of the profile in some versions can be 104, 110 and 130 mm.

How to choose?

In the modern market for such materials, PVC profiles are presented in a wide range. It is not difficult for the buyer to get confused. However, to do right choice quite possible without being a specialist in the field of construction and installation. To begin with, you should pay attention to the material itself. The appearance of plastic can tell a lot about its quality.

When there is no decorative laminated film on the profile (imitation of the desired texture), one careful glance is enough. High-quality material has a solid structure. There should be no roughness or irregularities in it. Any stains, uneven staining are excluded. Noticeable graininess will indicate a counterfeit product.

You cannot buy such a PVC profile. Typically, such samples can be found in fly-by-night firms. Such companies offer the installation of windows from their own material. It is made from cheap and harmful raw materials. Therefore, one cannot expect any quality characteristics from such a profile.

Yes, and you need to know about the manufacturer before buying components. To do this, you can find out more about the company's reputation based on reviews.

It is important to understand that the profiles have some differences among themselves. They are cut on special machines for certain sizes of structures. This applies not only to the sashes, but also to the uprights and cross members. Therefore, when buying, you need to purchase the entire set from one brand. Otherwise, you can not count on the flawless joining of elements, whether it is a connection by special welding or mechanical hardware.

Cameras

Before buying, it is important to inquire about the number of cameras. Usually high-quality products of famous brands have more than 5. This is enough, while 7 cavities will be a surplus. In this case, we must not forget that not the number of chambers, but the thickness of the walls is more important. After all, it is they who will be responsible for the heat level to a greater extent.

In addition to options with air chambers, today on the market you can find a PVC profile in which the voids are filled not with air, but with a heat insulator. This is mainly a material based on foam (expanded polystyrene) or fiberglass. Such a profile has appeared on the market relatively recently.

However, experts believe that it is more efficient in terms of keeping warm. The disadvantage is the cost of modification, which is significantly higher than traditional options.

Width

Since the choice of profile involves a comprehensive analysis, it is worth paying attention to the width of the PVC profile. It is often called assembly depth in the language of specialists. In a standard profile, its indicator usually varies in the range of 50-80 mm. The number of cameras inside the element depends on it. Usually, with a smaller width, the structure has no more than 3 cavities. When the width exceeds 70 mm, their number increases from 4 to 5.

However, it cannot be assumed that the wider the profile, the more cameras it contains. This is far from always true, because depending on the design features, the profile can be wide (for example, up to 9 cm), but with a minimum number of cavities. Such options may differ in excellent thermal insulation characteristics, since the air supply and the dimensions of the cavities themselves are important in this case.

In some cases, the installation depth can be 10 cm. Such options overlap the window opening, therefore, they often do not need to install external slopes. Their distinctive feature is the trapezoidal section shape. These windows are called "Dutch", "Danish". They are certainly better than their usual counterparts, although their installation is far from affordable for everyone.

Seat

It is impossible to buy a plastic profile without knowing the depth of the insulating glass unit. It is this factor that is responsible for the type of glass unit, its quality, as well as heat-shielding properties. A good profile frame is a structure where the glass sheet is at least 1.5 cm from the front cut, overlapping with the profile fold.

If you plan to mount the frame to a depth of 5-7 cm, the seat for glass installation should be 1.8 cm. Few people pay attention to this aspect when buying a profile. However, if you ignore it and rely solely on the width of the profile and the number of cavities in it, you can not be surprised in the future that the glass unit fogs up or freezes.

In addition, there are 4 factors worth paying attention to:

• Linear expansion. It should be minimal so that voids do not form during installation. The higher it is, the smaller the size of the window frame.
• Elasticity coefficient. The presence of steel is a mandatory criterion for choosing a profile. In this case, the thickness of the inner walls (stiffeners) is important.
• Resistance to temperature drop and UV rays. The composition of polyvinyl chloride should contain stabilizers to maintain inertness to loss of color and structure.
• Sealant. From thermoplastic, thermopolymer, silicone and rubber products made of silicone should be preferred. It is resistant to abrasion, inert to temperature changes.

Each profile is supplied with a certificate. It indicates data on the type of product and the place of its production.

Decor

White frames are considered old-fashioned today. It is replaced by profiles with laminated film that can imitate any texture. These can be neutral options (gray, black), as well as wood tones. Of course, such a solution for a window structure will cost more, but by paying 15-20% more, the buyer can equip his home, taking into account the choice of a specific design.

If the choice is made in favor of a colored frame, the shade is selected taking into account the interior and exterior. The frame should look beautiful on the outside and inside. You can build on the color of the existing furniture, doors. A color profile may have a related hue, but different color temperatures are undesirable. However, the choice of a color profile has its own nuances.

Light tones will not heat up in the sun like, say, dark rocky or woody browns. This means that when choosing a colored profile, the presence of metal in the frame is mandatory regardless of the size and shape of the frame. In addition to lamination, manufacturers paint the PVC profile with acrylic spraying, supplement it with metal or wood overlays. A decorative technique is the very shape of the elements, which today is more streamlined and may have a complex relief.

Today you can order a plastic window profile for oak, alder, fir, mahogany, malachite, marble. For a more creative design, the shade palette includes yellow, turquoise, blue and wine shades. Thanks to lamination, you can decorate the frames with a film with an aging effect. Optionally, you can choose coatings with a three-dimensional effect, creating a sense of volume and relief.

Manufacturers and reviews

Today, many companies are ready to offer the buyer a PVC profile for windows. The rating of highly rated professional craftsmen includes several companies:

• Rehau;
• Veka;
• Proplex.

Their products are of high quality and comply with the established European standards. Such frames do not cause complaints from professional craftsmen, they are easy to install and do not deform during operation. According to customer reviews, these products are characterized by high cost. However, the product is worth it, since the profiles of these brands are durable, resistant to mechanical stress and do not deteriorate over time.

Rehau

German profile manufacturer with a wide range of products. The brand focuses on all strata of society, producing economy class products, standard and luxury. The options are designed for different climatic conditions. The number of chambers in the profile varies from 3 to 6. At the same time, the installation depth ranges from 6 to 8.5 cm. Products are characterized by high level noise and heat insulation. Gray seals are suitable for them.

Veka

Profile of Russian production, produced according to German technology. Complies with class "A", intended for use in any regions of Russia with different climatic backgrounds. Today it is presented in 8 different types with different installation depths (58-90 mm). The number of air chambers inside the profile is from 3 to 6. Equipped with a durable metal frame, looks stylish, beautiful and modern.

KBE

This profile is distinguished by the best quality indicators and technical characteristics in comparison with analogues of other brands. The products have a long-lasting white color that does not fade in the sun and for a long time. The profile is represented by three options: "Etalon", "Expert", "Expert +".

These are "A" class products with a service life of about 40 years. There can be 3 or 5 chambers in the frame and shutters, 3-4 in the impost. Such products can be installed in rooms with a critical temperature of the region (up to -60).

Depending on the model, the profile can have additional horizontal bridges, which ensures reliable fastening of the rivers and loops.

Proplex

The domestic manufacturer offers customers a profile created using Austrian technology. The Podolsk plant produces varieties with three and five air chambers with a system width of 5.8 and 7 cm. The width of a glass unit, depending on the profile model, can be 4-34 and 12-42 mm. The approximate service life of the product is about 60 years. The profile resistance during heat transfer is 0.78 and 0.81 m2C / W. The designs are distinguished by their whiteness and impact strength.

The rating lists the best manufacturers whose products have been tested by installers. In addition to the main companies, we can highlight the products of the Mont Blanc, Trocal and Salamander brands. Quite good products can be purchased from Aluplast, Funke, Artek. If there is no brand profile from the rating in the assortment, you can pay attention to these options.

If the choice seems to be a difficult task, you can consult with the seller, in advance, noting the necessary questions for yourself. For example, if the buyer lives in the southern region, there is no need to order a six- and seven-chamber profile. In this case, an analogue for 3 cameras will be enough.

For effective protection from the cold, a resident of a high-rise building must not install a product with more than 4 cameras. In your home, a five-chamber structure is enough. However, it is worth starting from the reliability of the foundation, since the weight of the glass unit will be tangible.

So that the window does not deform over time, before buying it is worth clarifying the presence of a profile to strengthen the frame. In its absence, the window will not close well over time. In addition, its tightness will suffer. In addition, you need to understand that there is no such thing as a cheap profile. In an attempt to save money, you can lose on quality. And this will be reflected in a reduction in the service life of the window.

When buying a profile, you need to pay attention to how exactly the frame is compacted. To avoid the accumulation of condensation, there should be 2 seals at the bottom of the frame of the seals. If at least 1 of them is missing, mold will appear on the profile over time. In this case, the material of the seal itself is also important, which is reflected in its quality characteristics.

For installation, they often buy varieties with a width of 58 mm. This option is relevant for apartments in high-rise buildings and is present in every line of brands. Larger widths are considered premium items. They are more durable, reliable and differ in noise and thermal insulation capabilities compared to the first analogues. However, it is far from always possible to install such structures in high-rise buildings from the point of view of their load on the load-bearing floors.

Finally, it is worth noting at least important nuance: The manufacturer and installer may be different companies. So that in the future they do not throw off responsibility for a poor-quality window on top of each other, it is important to initially select the material correctly. You need to go through each paragraph of the article and note what is appropriate in a particular case. In addition, you will have to study the installer rating in order for the profile to be installed as expected.

In order not to run into a fake of a promoted brand, you should go to the manufacturer's website and ask about the address of a particular store. Information about official suppliers will allow you to understand whether a brand profile is actually being sold in a store in your city. If the site administration gives an affirmative answer, you can buy products. When buying a color version of a profile, it is important to look at each element for different shades: the window should look monolithic.

Which window profile is the best? Only from hundreds of names of manufacturers the eyes run up. And if you also try to understand the proprietary technical descriptions (well, of course, there are only advantages, but of course), rating tables, summaries of consumer ratings, opinion polls, then your head will hurt.

Well, since metal-plastic windows, as they say, are on everyone's lips, and manufacturers are almost fighting for the buyer, it means that this product is necessary and useful. And not so complicated and mysterious, if you look at the essence. This is what we're going to do.

Before taking apart the bones different types profiles for windows, let us tell the reader a little secret: German windows, the accompanying documentation of which contains the address and details of the German manufacturer, are a rare wonder. The trail of most of the "German" windows leads to Dnepropetrovsk. True, unlike Malaya Arnautskaya during the times of Ilf and Petrov, the window makers in Brezhnev's homeland work conscientiously: their windows are often better than the original ones.

How to compare window profiles

Let us reveal to the reader one more secret: the quality of window profiles depends little on the manufacturer; more - from the material. The quality of the window as a whole by 80 percent is determined by the type of sealing of the glass unit, the performance and quality of the fittings; more on this below. And the characteristics of window profiles as such are determined primarily by a combination of the following parameters of their material:

1. Its thermal conductivity should be as low as possible, otherwise cold will go through the window frame in winter and heat in summer.
2. The coefficient of thermal expansion λ should be as close to that of glass as possible - this determines the durability of the seals. With a large difference in λ of glass and profile, alternating loads on the seal will soon lead to fatigue and cracking.
3. The modulus of elasticity H should be as high as possible: the window frame works mainly in bending and torsion. Simply, the wind and temperature changes tend to turn the glass unit out of the frame.

Based on this, the comparison of window profiles should be started with the material.

Window profile materials

Wood

Wood as a material for window frames gave way to PVC not because it is worse than plastic. On the contrary, the tree is almost perfect material for a window profile. Just with the deterioration of the environment and the rise in the price of industrial wood, PVC turned out to be a little cheaper. Nevertheless, wood of special species firmly holds its position as a material for elite and exclusive window profiles:

• Siberian cedar (cedar pine) outdoors in a harsh climate serves for more than a hundred years without care, it only gets dark.
• Larch, especially Tuvan and Daurian, lasts for hundreds of years: it has long been used to make piles for piers and dams.
• Canadian hemlock is slightly less resistant than Siberian cedar, but it lasts longer than ordinary pine - up to 60-70 years without maintenance.
• Teak wood has no analogues in strength and durability: for a long time, the decks of warships and submarines were made of it, and only the appearance of sonar made the use of sound-absorbing artificial materials.

Aluminum

As a structural material for window profiles, pure aluminum is of little use in all respects. If PVC and wood have λ = (0.18 - 0.21) W / (degree * m2), then aluminum has λ = 221 W / (degree * m2). In terms of thermal conductivity, aluminum is the third among metals, after silver and copper.

The coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum is also high even among metals and is much higher than that of glass. The complex design of the profile with the use of thermal bridges makes it very expensive, and the heat flow through such a frame is still several times higher than through a wooden or PVC.

The elastic modulus of aluminum, on the contrary, is low - aluminum, as you know, is a soft and tough metal. On the outer surface of a building, aluminum corrodes for several years to pitting. Therefore, the aluminum profile for windows is justified only for decorative purposes, subject to replacement within 10-12 years.

But in combination with PVC, aluminum turned out to be a godsend for window profiles: the combination of the disadvantages of both gave undeniable advantages.

Fiber composites

The reinforced profile is also called fiberglass or fiberglass composite (FBK). This tricky name hides good old fiberglass.

FBK is even better than exclusive wood in all respects: it practically does not conduct heat, its λ is exactly equal to λ of glass, and in terms of elasticity, fiberglass surpasses the best grades of steel: just remember the fiberglass poles of athletes-jumpers.

But! FBK has a huge drawback: it exfoliates due to weather influences. The window cannot be replaced without repairing the premises, like an airplane radar fairing. You can't put a window in a boathouse for the winter, like a yacht. The manufacturers of the best cruising yachts, worth millions of dollars, give a guarantee for a fiberglass hull for no more than 10 years, provided that it sailed at a temperature of at least -1.8 degrees (the freezing point of ocean water), otherwise the guarantee is canceled. This is not enough for an ordinary apartment window.

Delamination occurs from the chipping of the binder - synthetic resin. Manufacturers are working on this problem, but there is still a long way to go to a complete solution. Therefore, FBK windows appeared on the market recently and are still expensive and not very durable.

The disadvantages of FBK are devoid of a composite material based on carbon fiber - carbon fiber or carbon. But the prices are astronomical, and carbon windows are still only possible in the form of a bespoke rich man's quirk.

Metal-plastic

Metal-plastic windows - good example of how a minus by a minus gives a plus. The strength and elasticity of PVC with an increase in temperature drops sharply: at higher than +60 it becomes unsuitable as a structural material, and already at +80 it begins to soften. The elasticity of PVC is also low.

Edison once said: “Everyone knows that it is impossible to do this. Then there is an ignoramus who does not know about it. He makes the invention. " Probably, metal-plastic windows were born in a similar way.

Let's do something stupid: we will tightly insert a pipe made of bad aluminum into the pipe of their bad PVC. And what happens? λ of aluminum is much higher than PVC, it will expand the plastic from the inside, and the whole structure will maintain strength up to a temperature of +60 and above (see the figure on the right). If you still heat it, the plastic will begin to creep, but this is no longer important: they do not live at such temperatures.

In addition, mutual mechanical stress will greatly increase the elasticity of the entire structure. Place a metal ruler on two pencils - it will bend under its own weight to the table top. And try to squeeze it with two books so that it bends upward - here you won't press it on purpose until the books have moved.

In the cold, the effect of mechanical interaction of materials will disappear, but PVC, when cooled, quickly gains strength and elasticity, without at all increasing its thermal conductivity. The aluminum insert, surrounded on all sides by a material that does not conduct heat well, does not affect the overall thermal conductivity of the structure.

Tricky question: you have not yet guessed why in protected from external influences plastic pipe put expensive aluminum instead of cheap and durable steel? But because its coefficient of thermal expansion is too small to create the desired mechanical bond in the required temperature range. However, on the market more and more often there are profiles with metal inserts made of special alloys and modified PVC with a special filler.

Constructions of metal-plastic profiles

Based on a successful principle, a design will work well even in a rough design - this is a principle known to all engineers. There are a great variety of branded window profiles, and each of them has invested the experience and knowledge of branded specialists. But this gives only a small fraction of the overall quality of the profile.

But there is still the best profile for plastic windows? Yes there is. This is the profile for your climatic conditions. Six options for all occasions are shown in the figure. Manufacturer-specific profiles may vary in detail.

The top row is for predominantly warm places; the lower one is cold. By columns, the profiles are arranged as follows:

• The left row is for temperate climates. The simplest in design and the cheapest profiles.
• The middle row is for a harsh, continental climate: hot in summer and / or with frosty winter. Along the cut, it differs in broadened air chambers, especially on the frame.
• The right row is for a harsh climate with strong winds and sudden temperature changes. Volumetric air chambers are equipped with additional baffles for rigidity.

At the heart of any profile is a twisting pair of metal channel / PVC sheath. Additional air chambers improve thermal insulation, strength, rigidity and material savings.

Important: when choosing a profile, pay attention to the frame seals. There should be two of them, otherwise the dew point in any climate will be under the frame, condensation will begin to precipitate, the insulation will deteriorate, a draft will pull and breeding grounds of harmful microorganisms will appear in the nooks. Complaints about harm metal-plastic windows arise precisely because of this circumstance.

The market is full of window profiles from "alternative" manufacturers. Many of them, even touted as "luxury" - with single seals. No matter how much such a profile is praised to you, no matter how attractive the price seems to you, do not take it. This is the case when a miser pays not even twice, but three times, given the prices for good windows.

About seals of double-glazed windows

Although the insulating glass unit is not part of the window profile, the quality of the window as a whole largely depends on its sealing. Two things are important:

• The sealing cuff (ring) should be one-piece, without a cut, even in budget windows. The cut does not greatly increase heat transfer, but as a nursery for infection, it is no worse than a single seal. Its sealing with silicone, as is sometimes recommended, is not an obstacle for microbes: microcracks soon form from alternating temperature deformations.
• The sealing of the glass unit and the frame must be solid rubber. Polyurethane expansion joints are good at first, but soon they flatten from the same deformations, the glass unit sags in the frame, and - all the problems described above.

About fittings

Window fittings should not rust or otherwise oxidize, this is understandable. For this, it is better to have handles covered with plastic, or stainless, if so required by design. The nickel-plated coating will peel off over time, and the estimated service life of the window is equal to the minimum service life of a residential building - 40 years.

Hinges are required hidden. As a rule, even "alternative" suppliers make profiles that prevent water from flowing into the loops in the rain. But with a single seal, condensation can settle on them. That is, again, a double seal.

The adjustable ventilation gap significantly increases the service life of the fittings: it allows you to open the window less. Manual adjustment of the damper for budget and middle class windows is preferable: primitive automation on a bimetallic plate will soon fail. Automatic shutters can only be recommended when purchasing expensive luxury windows.

Whose windows are better

Is it possible to choose a window profile in some simpler way, without any technical subtleties? Moreover, sellers often know little about this, knowing only the names of firms.

It is possible, despite the inconsistency of information. Her abundance helps. There is such a science - mathematical statistics. If you have at your disposal, roughly speaking, a lot of sheer lies and conjectures, then the methods of mathematical statistics allow you to find out what is the truth.

Budget profiles (economy class):

1. Veka 4.86;
2. LG Hausys - 4.80;
3. KBF 4.79;
4. Novotex 4.64;
5. AGF Agrisovgaz - 4.32.

1. Veka 4.94;
2. KBF 4.82;
3. Rehau 4.75;
4. Schuco 4.74;
5. Funke - 4.65.

Lux and premium:

1. Rehau 4.90;
2. Veka 4.84;
3. KBF 4.82;
4. Funke - 4.77;
5. Deceuninck / Thyssen 4.70.

Of the rest, Salamander, Velux, Montblanc, Provedal, Aluplast, Exprof, Vitrage, Gealan, Brugmann are confidently holding the top four.

Note: summary based on user feedback. Really specifications there is little difference in window profiles that meet the requirements described above. So, if the profile suits you according to some of your criteria, but did not get into the summary, you can take it: due to fierce competition in the window market, decent manufacturers do not do obvious hackwork, "alternatives" are immediately visible by single seals.

More about aluminum windows

Although a one-piece aluminum profile for windows is not very good, it is readily taken not only for offices and public buildings. One of the most active categories of buyers of aluminum windows is the owners of rented housing in resorts: the chic appearance immediately raises the price category of the premises by a step.

After 5-7 years, aluminum window frames begin to fade, but they can be easily refurbished regularly before the season by walking over them with felt. It is enough for 10 years, and the additional profit during this time more than covers the replacement costs, and the repair time is just in time.

Output

The best window profile for today is metal-plastic. The profiles of the leading manufacturers do not differ much in quality. But a metal-plastic window will show all its advantages only with double sealing of the frame and a solid rubber - double-glazed window.

Video: expert opinion on the choice of PVC windows and profiles for them

When choosing metal-plastic windows, I advise you to pay attention to the thickness of the profile and the number of cameras.
As a guide, I would recommend the Eforte profile (Deceuninck / Thyssen) 84 mm thick with 6 chambers. The thicker the profile, the more resistant it is to our frosts (-20 -30 degrees) and retains heat better.
I recommend double-glazed windows with a thickness of at least 56 mm. It will cost more for the price, but the advantages more than compensate for this.

For several years now, the wooden windows in the house have been replaced with plastic ones. It became noticeably warmer and lighter. Moreover, they chose an inexpensive option - a three-chamber profile and a single-chamber double-glazed window. Our winters are mild, such windows do their job well, there is no point in overpaying. But the fittings were supplied of high quality - German. And on our balconies, they mainly put aluminum frames - sliding doors: they are light, they do not take up space when opened. But - with one glass (they protect from wind and snow, that's all).

The plastic must be chosen depending on the climate, that is, the colder the climate, the more the width of the plastic is needed and how many cameras are needed, the more cameras, the more reliable the plastic will be. There are three chambers, five or more. And also look at the sectional thickness of the plastic walls in the order tables.

On the Internet, they write a lot about the advantages and disadvantages of metal-plastic windows, but few people write about their characteristics such as fire resistance. I personally observed how all these metal-plastic and plastic windows burn out in exactly 4-5 minutes, while the burning time of a wooden profile is still much longer and during this time they can already extinguish the fire. ...

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The window profile is the frame that holds the glass unit. Different kinds window profiles differ in the material of manufacture and internal structure... Let's consider in detail the differences and advantages of profile structures, their quality, cost and performance.

What types of windows are there?

Modern window profiles for double-glazed windows are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wood or metal (aluminum profile). Each of the above materials has its own advantages that determine its popularity and cost.

Wooden window profile

Wooden frames represent the most expensive, prestigious window opening design. Natural wood requires long drying, thorough impregnation with an antiseptic and protection from moisture. Therefore, the cost of a wooden window is much higher than a plastic profile. If the wood is insufficiently dried or improperly processed, then expensive windows can collapse in a year after their installation.

The look of natural wood creates a prestigious design, attractive aesthetics... With high-quality preparation, the tree is quite durable and reliable. Best tree for the manufacture of window profiles - oak, larch, alder and pine wood are more available.

Let's summarize the advantages of wooden profiles:

• aesthetics and prestige;
• natural environmentally friendly material;
• good heat capacity.

Disadvantages:

• Possibility of warping, swelling, cracking and other types of destruction;
• High cost;
• High professionalism of the master-manufacturer is required.

An option for using wood for double-glazed windows is wood-aluminum profile... In it, the wooden material is closed from the outside with metal plates. From the inside, from the living side, the frame shows natural wood, from the outside, the frame is protected from moisture by metal.

Aluminum profile

Aluminum window profiles are made with a small number of chambers (two or three). The metal itself is an insufficient heat insulator, which makes the metal windows cold. They are mainly used for glazing large shopping areas, airports, but also balconies and loggias. "Warm" metal windows are equipped with a thermal liner that increases the heat capacity of the profile structure. The cost of such windows is much higher than that of "cold" ones.

The metal window has the following advantages:

• strength;
• low flammability;
• durability.

Disadvantages:

• low heat capacity (for "cold" profiles);
• high cost (refers to "warm" structures).

Two main types of aluminum alloy profiles are in demand in various buildings. "Cold" aluminum profile is used where an inexpensive frame, good strength, without special requirements for heat retention is needed. "Warm" expensive profile is installed in heated rooms for long-term operation in cold winters.

PVC - profile

PVC profile is called a plastic window. Its characteristics:

• high thermal insulation;
• moisture resistance;
• varied design (thanks to the gluing of the laminated film).

Thermal insulation properties are provided by the presence of hollow chambers inside... Due to the resistance of plastic to atmospheric precipitation, it does not absorb moisture, does not swell, does not rot or crack.

PVC has some disadvantages:

• flammability (typical for most plastics);
• the more chambers, the greater the weight of the structure, the higher the requirements for the installation of the window.

Due to its affordable cost, PVC profile has become the most popular material for the manufacture of double-glazed windows. Dozens of different manufacturers are engaged in the production of PVC. Their profiles differ in the number of chambers and the thickness of the plastic wall. Let's consider what characteristics are used to evaluate PVC profiles.

Characteristics of PVC window profile

Popular manufacturers of window profiles

1. REHAU is a German manufacturer with its own production facilities in Russia. It supplies six models of profiles to the Russian market: 3-6 chambers, the width of a standard glass unit is 32–40 mm, special glasses are installed in wide glass units (86 mm), and fiber is used. The coefficient of resistance to heat transfer is from 0.64 to 1.05 (for fiber profiles). The manufacturer regulates that the coefficient from 0.95 corresponds to the heat capacity brick wall one meter thick.
2. KBE is a German manufacturer with two subsidiaries in Russia. It produces 8 models of profiles with different characteristics: 3-6 chambers, glass unit thickness from 32 to 52 mm. The heat transfer coefficient of the KBE profile is 0.7 - 1.04.
3. VEKA is a Russian-German manufacturer, VEKA Rus is a subsidiary of VEKA AG. Produces standard blocks and non-standard design structures for window openings and balconies in accordance with the European RAL standard. The main manufactured models are: Softline (for insulating glass units from 4 to 42 mm, five chambers, coefficient of heat transfer resistance 0.75), Softline 82 (width of insulating glass unit 24-52 mm, seven chambers, coefficient 1.0), Euroline (three chambers, insulating glass unit 32 mm, factor 0.64), Proline (four chambers, 4-42 mm, factor 0.75), Swingline (6-42 mm, five chambers, factor 0.77), Alphaline (elite 6-chamber profile with high coefficient of 1.04).

   

4. MONTBLANC is a German manufacturer that supplies four types of profiles from 3 to 6 chambers to the territory of Russia (eco, thermo, nord and grand). The width of the glass units is 32, 42 and 52 mm. The heat transfer resistance is between 0.6 and 0.82 mm. Frame thickness from 60 to 80 mm. Six air chambers are 80 mm wide. High heat-saving functions make the profile popular in Russia.
5. SALAMANDER (also Germany) - produces profiles from 3, 5 and 6 chambers with a frame thickness of 60 to 92 mm. Sizes of mounted insulating glass units: 32 mm, 48 and 60 mm. The widest profile of the Salamander BluEvolution has a heat transfer resistance of 1.0. The manufacturer regulates high burglar resistance of windows(thanks to the closed reinforcement system).
6. Schuco is a German manufacturer that produces 3 - 7 chamber PVC profiles for standard and energy efficient construction. The maximum coefficient of resistance to heat transfer is 0.94. Double-glazed windows up to 36 mm thick. In wide frames with a thickness of 82 mm, it is possible to install anti-burglar fittings. Also Schuco produces warm aluminum profiles with the number of chambers from 3 to 7, steel profiles for cold glazing.
7. TROCAL is a German manufacturer, the pioneer of the industry, which introduced the first plastic window to the construction market (in 1954). Has been producing window profiles for almost 60 years. The width of the double-glazed windows is from 30 to 58 mm. Four to five chamber profile, 70 and 88 mm assembly width. The heat transfer coefficient is 0.82. Lead-free technology allows you to set the profile in childcare facilities (kindergartens and schools).

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And finally: fittings

Fittings are a combination of metal parts that provide a flexible connection of various elements in the overall structure of the window. The durability of the window product depends on the quality of the fittings.... It is important to know that famous brand manufacturers have cheap lines of lower quality accessories for Eastern Europe.

Types of window fittings:

• Swing-out (for opening the window and tilting tilt).
• The lock and handle is a multifunctional design that locks the frame in any position with an internally laid axle.
• Parallel-sliding (for sliding leaves).
• Tilt and slide.
• Vertically sliding.

In addition to fittings, the construction of double-glazed windows uses. They provide the necessary insulation from noise and cold.

The choice of a window profile, its main characteristics and accessories is carried out in accordance with the required heat capacity of the window and with the price level for its manufacture. The quality of the profile and fittings determines the appearance of the glass unit and its performance characteristics: thermal insulation, sound absorption, strength and durability.

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The profile for PVC windows is the main element. It affects the functionality, reliability, durability of the structure. Despite the same appearance, the profiles are endowed with different properties, which must be chosen very carefully.

What are the designs?

Currently, there are a large number of companies that produce a variety of. They can differ significantly from each other even from the same manufacturer, not counting competitive products. What is the difference and is it worth paying more?

There are various, comparison of which will help the buyer to make the right choice. They are the constructive basis, from which frames and sashes are made. Different materials can be used: wood, metal-plastic, aluminum, polyvinyl chloride. The latter is the most popular: it is equipped with special steel inserts that make the product more durable and rigid. Air pockets help to achieve good heat and sound insulation. Some manufacturers fill these cavities with nitrogen to prevent the windows from fogging up in the event of temperature extremes. PVC profiles for windows must comply with Russian GOST 30673-99 or European EN 12608 SR.

PVC window profiles of all manufacturers are divided into the following categories:

• Class A: characterized by an outer wall size of 2.8 mm. Inside, the thickness does not exceed 2.5 mm. Such a window provides good protection from weather conditions, perfectly keeps warm inside the room.
• Class B: differs in thinner walls: outer - 2.5 mm, inner - 2 mm. This sample does less well with thermal insulation, but is suitable for use in warm climates or for glazing balcony rooms. It should be borne in mind that the risk of deformation of the structure increases by 15%.
• Class C: products that do not meet Russian and import standards. Since there is no certification, there are no strict requirements for it, and manufacturers can choose the thickness at their discretion. As a rule, such windows are cheap, but their quality suffers.

On sale you can find an objective PVC profile. It is used for glazing of non-residential technical premises, commercial halls, since it is not able to retain heat with high quality, and there is a high probability of deformation. Outwardly, it is not much different from the standard one. You need to pay attention to the presence of the Object designation: unscrupulous traders sell such products for houses.

How to choose the right profile?

PVC window profiles have different characteristics, the comparison of which will help to make the right choice. You should not rely on the external characteristics of the products offered. Attention should be paid to the following properties:

• Uniformity of the material. Choose products with plastic that is free from flaws. It should be smooth, pleasant to the touch, and uniform. If you notice that the surface is coarse, most likely you are dealing with a counterfeit made in violation of technology.
• The coating should be complete, without streaks, paint traces.

High quality windows are always factory-marked. You should look for her on inside packing. Firms put their own hallmarks with the name, numbers may also be present: they mean the number of the shift that released the batch. The numbers indicate the number of the device that produced the window and the date of issue of the goods. Counterfeits either do not have such numbers, or the designations are the same.

• Width. PVC window profile often has a standard parameter equal to 58 mm. Such a window is quite suitable for living rooms and is most often sold in stores. If desired, you can order a thicker version, the width of which will be 70 or 90 mm. The first option is relevant on the upper floors of high-rise buildings, as it can withstand heavy loads and is able to effectively withstand strong winds. It can also be used in cold climates. The second option is considered a premium class, it has a high ability to insulate sound and heat, has high strength, but the weight of such a product is much higher, it is not recommended to install it everywhere.

If you decide to install a 90 mm PVC window profile, do not order a window that is too large. Its flap will be heavy and will begin to sag. It is better to take two small ones or make a structure with two shutters, independent of each other.

• Thickness. It can vary from 2.5 to 3 mm. However, to put such a structure in heavy window blocks not worth it. A heavy load can call into question its reliability.

• The number of air chambers. The profile, the thickness of which is 58 mm, has two chambers, less often it is equipped with three. This is enough for good thermal insulation. More chambers are available for a thicker profile of 70mm. It can have up to 5 cameras. Such profiles are most often used as glazing in high-rise apartments. If necessary, a 90 mm product can be ordered, it can have up to 6 chambers. The level of soundproofing and warmth inside the room depends on their number. However, it is worth remembering that the number of glasses and the dimensions of the profile also increase the weight of the structure, and the difference between the 3 and 4-chamber package is not too noticeable.
• The number of double-glazed windows. Different brands of plastic windows offer products with different amounts of these elements. They should not be confused with air chambers. A double-glazed window is glass combined with a frame and a sealant. There are air chambers between them, they can be filled with gas. The single-chamber double-glazed unit is considered the lightest, since it includes a pair of glasses. Most often, such products are used for finishing terraces, balconies, loggias, since its mass is minimal, but such a window does not insulate heat well. For an apartment or private house, it is better to use a thicker version with three sheets of glass and two air chambers.

When choosing a double-glazed window, you should also be aware of such a feature of the product: the more glasses, the worse the light will pass through. Four-chamber products are installed in the server regions of the country; there is no need to install them in a warmer climate, this will only be an unnecessary overpayment. If the frost does not exceed -40 degrees, the difference between this product and the three-chamber product will not be noticeable.

When choosing plastic windows, you must first of all pay attention to the quality of the products, and also make a purchase based on the purpose of the profile, the climatic conditions in which you live. It is worth remembering that too cheap stuff cannot be of high quality.