Chapter 1. Theoretical and methodological foundations of municipal social policy in the Russian Federation.
1.1. Essence, content and conditions for the formation of municipal social policy.
1.2. State regulation of social functions of local government.
1.3. Experience in the implementation of municipal social policy in countries with developed market economies, the possibility of its application in Russia.
Chapter 2. The mechanism of effective implementation of municipal social policy in priority sectors of the social sphere at the present stage.
2.1. Development of the education system at the municipal level.
2.2. Municipal health priorities.
2.3. Municipal regulation of housing and communal services.
2.4. Social support for low-income and socially unprotected categories of the population of the municipality.
Chapter 3. Financial and economic support of municipal social policy.
3.1. The current state of financial support for local government.
3.2. Features of the socio-economic development of the municipal district.
3.3. Measures to maintain stability in the context of the global financial crisis.
Recommended list of dissertations
Activities of local government bodies in the implementation of social policy 2012, Candidate of Economic Sciences Lychkan, Leonid Petrovich
The mechanism of functioning of municipalities: structure, functions, financial and economic tools 2009, Doctor of Economics Prigoda, Lyudmila Vladimirovna
Local self-government and the development of property relations of municipalities: On the example of the Moscow region 2001, Doctor of Economics, Anatoly Anatolyevich Lyutenko
Legal framework for the activities of local government bodies in the housing sector 2009, Candidate of Legal Sciences Nechay, Inna Vladimirovna
Methodological foundations of housing and communal services management in the context of local government reform 2009, Doctor of Economics Kondratyeva, Maria Nikolaevna
Dissertation introduction (part of the abstract) on the topic "Improving the mechanism for the implementation of municipal social policy in the Russian Federation"
Relevance of the research topic. Currently, a difficult situation remains in the social sphere of society. The standard of living of the majority of the population of Russia is still extremely low. Property inequality exists and continues to deepen, and the stratification of society into rich and poor is growing.
In these conditions, the role of social policy is increasing at all levels of government, including in municipalities. The practical implementation of social policy at the municipal level is carried out by local governments.
Local government is one of the most important institutions of modern society. Today it is both a form of self-organization of citizens and, in this capacity, an integral part of civil society, a level of public power (an instrument of democratic participation of citizens in managing common affairs) and an element of a market economic system in which the social sphere occupies a special specific place.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation fixes the basic social rights of a person and a citizen, which determine the functions and principles of social policy in the country. An important task is to ensure the implementation of social rights and, on this basis, to achieve a high level of social protection for every citizen of Russia.
The role of local government in the formation, legal regulation and implementation of social policy is determined by the fact that it is the most adapted social institution for solving specific social problems due to its proximity to specific needs and problems of citizens.
President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev outlined the work on the development of local self-government as one of the priority tasks of the state: “local self-government should open up to citizens the opportunity to independently solve their local problems without instructions and orders from above.” there is a need to improve the mechanism for the implementation of municipal social policy.
The foregoing determines the appropriateness of the author's choice of "the topic of the dissertation research and its relevance.
The degree of scientific elaboration of the problem. A significant contribution to the analysis of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of social policy was made by: A.N. Averin, A.M. Babich, E.V. Belkin, V.N. Bobkov, L.I. Berestova, N.A. Volgin, V.I. Zhukov, G.A. Komissarova, E.E. Machulskaya, A.JI. Pidde, B.V. Rakitsky, E.I. Kholostova, L.P. Khrapylina, A.I. Shcherbakov and other scientists.
Theoretical, methodological and legal issues of the organization and functioning of local self-government are developed in the works of: O.V. Budovskaya, V.I. Vasilyeva, A.V. Voronova, A.V. Troshikhina, A.A. Zamotaeva, Z.M. Zotova, A.N. Pisareva, A.S. Prudnikova, A.A. Uvarov and other scientists and practitioners.
The work of these scientists and specialists is undoubtedly important and useful. They have a certain positive impact on the social development of society. At the same time, they do not exhaust all the problems and aspects of municipal social policy, considered from the point of view of the mechanism of its implementation in the Russian Federation. In this context, this work may correspond to the urgent need for a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to municipal social policy, scientific substantiation of ways to improve the mechanism of its implementation.
1 www kremhn ru FROM THE EXTRACTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION D.A. Medvedev at the II All-Russian Civil Forum on January 22, 2008
Purpose and main objectives of the study. The purpose of the dissertation research is the analysis, development of measures and actions to improve the mechanism for the implementation of municipal social policy in modern Russia.
In accordance with the set goal, the following tasks have been identified:
Clarify and substantiate the essence, content and conditions for the formation of municipal social policy; consider state regulation and implementation of social functions of local government;
Explore the experience of implementing municipal social policy in countries with developed market economies, substantiate the possibility of its application in Russia;
Consider the mechanism for the implementation of municipal social policy on the example of such sectors of the social sphere as education, health care and housing and communal services;
Consider social support for low-income and socially unprotected categories of the population of the municipality;
Investigate the current state of financial support for local government; to identify the features of the socio-economic development of the municipal district and in this light of the implementation of social policy;
Consider measures to maintain stability in the context of the global financial crisis;
Suggest possible solutions and directions of action on the topic under consideration.
The object of the research is municipalities, including local government bodies of the Moscow region and the Leninsky municipal district of the Moscow region, and the mechanism of social policy pursued in them.
The subject of the research is economic and social relations arising in connection with the implementation of municipal social policy.
The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of the above-mentioned Russian scientists and specialists on social policy and local government. The work used documents of international organizations, legislative and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, local authorities.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows: in the specialization "economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes (service sector)":
On the basis of a comparative analysis of the experience of implementing municipal social policy in countries with developed market economies and the Russian Federation, we have identified some similarities in the structure of local self-government bodies, their tasks and funding sources, which include: the social functions they perform and services for the development of housing and communal services. economy, health care, culture, education, physical culture and sports, public transport, provision of ritual services. Highlighted two main sources of income. The first is local sources: taxes, compensations and duties, penalties and profits from municipal enterprises. The second is central sources: subsidies from specialized funds allocated by the central government or its structures (ministries), both general subsidies that go to support municipalities, and special ones that have a targeted purpose in education, health care, housing construction, social welfare, etc .;
The main reasons for the less effective work of local self-government bodies in the Russian Federation are revealed: in particular, the reform of local self-government in Russia began relatively recently, the decentralization of local self-government issues requires the transformation of a large number of regulatory legal acts of federal and regional legislation; there is a lack of qualified management personnel; low level of financial support for local budget expenditures; lack of an effective methodological base in addressing issues of local importance;
A methodology for developing a forecast of socio-economic development is proposed (on the example of the Leninsky municipal district of the Moscow region). This technique allows you to identify and trace the values of the main socio-economic indicators. The development of the main parameters for the development of the municipal district is carried out according to two options: the first option (conservative) reflects the trends in the development of the economy and social sphere of the municipal district, which have developed in the context of the global financial crisis; the second option (moderately optimistic) assumes stabilization and some revival in the main spheres of economic activity due to a gradual slowdown of the crisis in the economy, the expansion of bank lending and an increase in domestic demand (investment and consumer);
It has been proved that the movement towards financial self-sufficiency of local self-government should become a key area of municipal social policy. It is advisable to streamline the transfer of funds from the municipality to the budgets of higher levels of the budget system. It is necessary to abolish the practice of withdrawing funds from a municipality for their subsequent return to the same municipality as inter-budgetary transfers. on the specialization "labor economics": substantiated the author's definition of the concept of "municipal social policy" as a set of measures and actions of local self-government bodies aimed at solving social issues of local importance and the implementation of certain state powers in the social sphere in order to realize the rights and freedoms of citizens;
It has been proved that modern approaches to municipal social policy are determined by trends in the socio-economic development of the municipality and the social needs of its population. This determines the structure of the mechanism and the effectiveness of the implementation of municipal social policy. It is substantiated that the structure of the mechanism includes: the subject; an object; the system of normative legal acts regulating the interaction between the subject and the object of social policy; implementation methods and practical activities for solving social problems in municipalities; monitoring the progress, effectiveness of social policy and making, if necessary, appropriate adjustments; systematized modern complex technologies for the implementation of municipal social policy: regulatory; organizational; managerial; scientific and informational; financial and economic; sectoral, and also argued the need to expand the opportunities for participation of local governments in solving social issues. In particular, the lists of issues of local importance should include the implementation of additional measures of social support and social services, as well as the promotion of employment of citizens. With regard to the solution of employment issues, it is advisable to expand the municipal competence.
The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the research materials can serve as a basis for further study of theoretical and scientific-practical problems associated with improving the implementation of social policy at the municipal level. The theoretical generalizations and conclusions contained in the work can be used in the development and delivery of lecture courses on social policy, local government, and social sectors. The practical provisions formulated in the work can be used in the activities of state authorities and local self-government, in the adoption and development of social programs.
Approbation of research results. The main conclusions and provisions of the dissertation research are set out in the author's publications, and were also reported at the international symposium "Social partnership: international and Russian experience, development prospects" on March 28, 2008, during the discussion "The impact of the global financial crisis on the social situation in Russia: estimates , problems, actions ”on February 20, 2009, at the international“ round table ”on the topic:“ Labor remuneration in Russia and modern world: problems, actions ”on March 27, 2009 at the Civil Registry Office under the President of the Russian Federation.
Certain conclusions and results of the dissertation research were applied in the work of the administration of the Leninsky municipal district of the Moscow region.
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Conclusions from Chapter 3:
1. Local self-government accumulates positive experience of functioning as a full-fledged institution and at the same time requires further development and improvement.
2. The main problem of the efficient operation of municipalities is the lack of municipal finances. The list of standards for deductions from federal and regional taxes and fees, taxes provided for by special tax regimes to the local budget, as well as the list of local taxes, have now been significantly reduced. The movement towards financial self-sufficiency of local self-government, increasing the level of socio-economic development through its own revenue sources is a key direction of the municipal policy of the state.
3. The budget is a reflection of the pace of socio-economic development of the Leninsky municipal district. Compared to 2007 in terms of income, it increased by 9.8% and amounted to 4.5 billion rubles in 2009. Budget expenditures on social and cultural events in 2009 amounted to 68.7%. In this regard, we can say that the main financial document of the municipal district is socially oriented.
4. Development of a forecast for the socio-economic development of the Leninsky municipal district helps to optimize the spending of budgetary funds in order to preserve all social obligations to the population.
According to the methodology for developing a forecast of the socio-economic development of the Leninsky municipal district, there is a procedure for developing a forecast of the socio-economic development of the Leninsky municipal district, which determines the issues of interaction and functions of structural divisions of the administration of the Leninsky municipal district, municipal institutions, administrations of urban (rural) settlements that are part of the Leninsky municipal district, in the process of preparing a forecast of the socio-economic development of the Leninsky municipal district.
The development of the main parameters for the development of the Leninsky Municipal District is carried out according to two options: the first option (conservative) reflects the trends in the development of the economy and social sphere of the Leninsky Municipal District, which have developed in the context of the global financial crisis; the second option (moderately optimistic) assumes stabilization and some revival in the main spheres of economic activity due to a gradual slowdown of the crisis in the economy, the expansion of bank lending and an increase in domestic demand (investment and consumer).
5. It should be noted that the potential inherent in the economy of the Leninsky Municipal District in previous years made it possible to significantly mitigate the crisis phenomena, to maintain the positive dynamics of social development.
To monitor and prevent the negative impact of the consequences of the crisis on the economy and social development of the region, the Headquarters was established to prevent possible crisis phenomena in the economy and on the labor market in the Leninsky region.
In order to minimize the negative consequences of the financial crisis and prevent the formation of budget deficits, an assessment of the situation was carried out, the possibilities of the budgets of the district and urban and rural settlements to reduce costs and search for potential income were revised and weighed.
Conclusion
The analysis performed allows us to draw the following conclusions:
1. One of the important functions welfare state is the development and implementation of social policy. The dissertation candidate considers it appropriate to offer his own clarified understanding of social policy. Social policy is the activity of the state and other subjects of society, aimed at creating the necessary conditions for satisfying, stimulating and qualitative development of the objective needs of a person, social groups and communities.
2. Institutions of local self-government are one of the most operative and effective subjects of social policy implementation. Local self-government as one of the forms of the people exercising their power and one of the foundations of the constitutional system for the first time in the history of Russia was recognized and guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted on December 12, 1993 (Article 12 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).
3. Municipal social policy, according to the candidate, is a set of measures and actions of local self-government bodies aimed at solving social issues of local importance and the implementation of certain state powers in the social sphere in order to realize the rights and freedoms of citizens.
4. The changes that have taken place in the country since the adoption of the Federal Law of 6.10.2003 No. 131-F3 allow us to say that the reform of local self-government has taken place, the legal, economic and social foundations of the functioning of the local self-government system have been formed.
At the same time, many issues related to the implementation of their functions by local authorities, including the issues of legislative regulation of the social functions of local self-government bodies, require serious reforms both at the federal and regional levels.
5. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the experience of implementing municipal social policy in countries with developed market economies and the Russian Federation, some similarities have been established in the structure of local government bodies, the tasks they solve, and sources of funding, which include: the population entitled to elections to local government bodies; the social issues of the development of housing and communal services, health care, culture, education, physical culture and sports, public transport, the provision of ritual services solved by them. Highlighted two main sources of income. The first is local sources: taxes, compensations and duties, penalties and profits from municipal enterprises. The second is central sources: subsidies from specialized funds allocated by the central government or its structures (ministries), both general subsidies that go to support municipalities, and special ones that have a targeted purpose in education, health care, housing, social welfare, etc. The main the reasons for the less effective work of local self-government bodies in the Russian Federation, in particular, the reform of local self-government in Russia began relatively recently, the decentralization of local self-government issues requires the transformation of a large number of regulatory legal acts of federal and regional legislation; lack of experience and lack of qualified management personnel; low level of financial support for local budget expenditures; lack of an effective methodological base in addressing issues of local importance.
6. The mechanism for the implementation of municipal social policy is complex system institutional and non-institutional subjects of social life, the interaction of which makes it possible to theoretically comprehend and formalize the social interests of citizens, social groups, the population in general, to develop social programs and organize the practical activities of municipal bodies and citizens for their implementation on the basis of the existing regulatory framework, has its own structure ...
7. The structure of the mechanism for the implementation of municipal social policy includes: the subject of social policy - a municipal formation in the aggregate of all its bodies, focused on the regulation of social relations; the object of social policy is the local population, the population of the local community living in the municipality; the system of normative legal acts regulating the interaction between the subject and the object of social policy; methods of implementing social policy in the municipality; practical activities to solve the problems of social policy of the municipality; monitoring the progress and effectiveness of social policy and making, if necessary, appropriate adjustments.
8. Modern integrated technologies for the implementation of municipal social policy are: regulatory; organizational; managerial; scientific and informational; financial and economic; industry-specific.
9. Leninsky municipal district of the Moscow region occupies an advantageous geographical position, stretching from south-west to south-east along the Moscow ring road, it borders with Moscow and six districts of the Moscow region. Among the current priorities for the development of the Leninsky District are education, health care, housing and communal services, social support for low-income and socially unprotected categories of the population.
10. The activity of the district education system is part of the municipal social policy of the Leninsky district. The district education system is a balanced network of educational institutions, which gives children and their parents a real opportunity to choose an educational institution; provides state guarantees for the availability of education. The education system is part of the social infrastructure of the municipality, financed from the budget.
11. The main priority areas of the education system of the Leninsky Municipal District are: development of the network of the education system of the Leninsky Municipal District - the construction of educational facilities; expansion of marketing and career guidance activities of municipal educational institutions (MOU) of the region; improvement and strengthening of the material and technical base of the district MOU; ensuring continuity in the work of a preschool educational institution and primary school; increasing the upbringing potential of the education system - expanding the system of experimental work in the Leninsky District Municipal Educational Institution; implementation of activities of the District target program "Development of the education system of the Leninsky municipal district from 2007 to 2012".
12. One of the most important directions in the development of health care in the Leninsky District is the consistent implementation of the state policy on the territory of the district to provide the population with guaranteed types and volumes of free medical care. For the implementation of this direction, it is important to preserve a unified district health care system, without which it is impossible to ensure the availability of medical care to all segments of the population, the quality and continuity at various stages of its provision.
The organization of general medical practices in a number of medical and preventive institutions will improve the quality, accessibility and cost-effectiveness of medical care, change the orientation of this assistance towards disease prevention, the fight for a healthy lifestyle, and health promotion of the population. In the district, every year it becomes more and more obvious the need to organize nursing departments for medical and social care of elderly and senile patients.
13. Housing and communal services of the Leninsky district is a complex and interconnected engineering and technical and socio-economic complex. The main purpose of the services of the housing and communal complex of the Leninsky district is to provide the population with high-quality services for the operation of the housing stock, utilities (heat supply, water supply, sewerage), services for the removal of solid waste.
Improvement of the territory of the municipality is a set of measures aimed at creating favorable, healthy and cultural conditions for life, work and leisure of the population within the boundaries of the Leninsky district carried out by local authorities, individuals and legal entities.
The prospects for the development of the housing and communal services of the Leninsky District include: telephones, landscaping, road repair, electricity, water and heat supply, sewerage.
14. One of the main tasks of the Leninsky municipal district is to ensure effective protection of socially vulnerable categories of the population and constitutional norms for all residents of the district.
In the Leninsky District, the following measures are being implemented: in the field of targeted support of low-income categories of the population; in the field of social support for disabled people and disabled children; in the field of social support measures for older citizens; in the field of implementation of the concept of family policy; in the field of activities to support public organizations.
When conducting a health-improving campaign, various forms of recreation and health improvement are used, taking into account the interests, age and psychological characteristics of children and adolescents, and their state of health.
Particular attention in the work of health camps is paid to the issues of moral education of the younger generation, propaganda healthy way life.
In order to prevent child neglect and juvenile delinquency, special attention is paid to the organization of recreation and employment for adolescents at risk, who are registered with the commission on juvenile affairs, as well as children brought up in dysfunctional families.
15. Local self-government accumulates positive experience of functioning as a full-fledged institution and at the same time requires further development and improvement. The evolution of tax and budget legislation in the current decade limits the financial autonomy and provision of municipalities.
A qualitatively different approach is needed to differentiate policies in relation to different types of municipalities. Municipalities, which are points of growth (primarily cities), should receive effective incentives for development, and territories lagging behind in development (primarily rural) should receive guarantees of state support.
16. The main problem of the efficient operation of municipalities is the lack of municipal finances. The movement towards financial self-sufficiency of local self-government, increasing the level of socio-economic development through its own revenue sources is a key direction of the municipal policy of the state.
17. Reflection of the pace of socio-economic development of the Leninsky district is the budget. The main financial document of the municipal district is socially oriented. The development of a forecast for the socio-economic development of the Leninsky District helps to optimize the spending of budgetary funds in order to preserve social obligations to the population. The forecast development methodology is presented in the dissertation research.
18. To monitor and prevent the negative impact of the consequences of the crisis on the economy and social development of the region, a Headquarters for the Prevention of Possible Crisis Phenomena was established. The main tasks are to preserve promising areas of production and work collectives, increase labor productivity, and effectively implement the municipal social policy in the region.
Taking into account the indicated conclusions, it seems necessary for the candidate to propose the following possible solutions and directions of action on the topic under consideration:
1. It is necessary to clearly define the main vectors of social development of local self-government in the medium and long term. At present, the “Concept of long-term socio-economic development of Russia until 2020” has been approved; there is a need for the development and normative consolidation of the concept of a new Russian municipal social policy.
2. An important factor in improving the mechanism for the implementation of municipal social policy in the Russian Federation is the maximum inclusion of the population of municipalities in the process of social development of the territory. Encouraging residents to participate in local self-government largely lies in the area of social and economic strengthening of municipalities.
3. A qualitatively different approach to municipal social policy is needed in relation to various types of municipalities. Municipalities, which are points of growth (primarily cities), should receive effective incentives for social development, and the territories lagging behind in social development (primarily rural ones) should receive guarantees of state support.
4. The movement towards financial self-sufficiency of local self-government is a key direction of the state's municipal policy. A strategic guideline here should be the replacement of financial assistance from the federal and regional budgets in the budgets of municipalities with a relatively high level of socio-economic development with receipts from their own revenue sources. Consideration should be given to assigning additional tax sources to local budgets on a long-term basis, stimulating municipalities to work on their own revenue base.
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One of the main tasks of local self-government bodies is the formation and implementation of municipal social policy.
Municipal social policy is a system of goals, objectives and mechanisms for their implementation, aimed at providing the population with social services, at the maintenance and development of the social sphere of the municipality.
Municipal social policy is built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with state authorities, primarily with the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Through the municipal social policy, both the local authorities' own powers and the state powers transferred to the municipal level in the social sphere are implemented. A. V. Pikulkin Public administration system. Textbook for universities. M .: UNITA-DANA, 2008.S. 94.
The social sphere and social policy can be considered in a broader and narrower sense of the word. In a broad sense, the social sphere includes everything that ensures the life of a person. In this understanding, the whole municipal policy is social. In a narrower sense, the social sphere of a municipality, as it was said, is understood as the sphere of reproduction of the person himself, his physical and spiritual parameters, while the reproduction of the material and material environment of a person belongs to the urban service sphere.
The social policy of the state is a system of principles, goals, objectives and means that ensure such a socially acceptable and permissible material, political, cultural position of social groups and strata of the population, in which they can realize their personal interests and contribute to their own development and development of society in various types of activities. the whole.
Social policy is carried out through the interests of people and acts as a management of interests. It is designed to eliminate the contradiction between the diverging interests of various subjects, between the current and future interests of society.
The state of the social sphere in this sense serves as an integral indicator of the effectiveness of the country's economy, the humanity of jurisprudence and the political structure of society, its spirituality. The most important tasks of state social policy are to ensure the integrity of the community, its stability, the possibility of dynamic development, and the prevention of social conflicts. Management of the social sphere is carried out at all levels of public authority: federal, regional and municipal. The functions of each level are determined in accordance with legally delimited powers. A. V. Pikulkin Public administration system. Textbook for universities. M .: UNITA-DANA, 2008.S. 99.
Thus, the municipal social policy is aimed at providing the population with social services, at the maintenance and development of the social sphere of the municipality. Municipal social policy is built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with public authorities. Social policy is carried out through the interests of people and acts as a management of interests.
UDC 352.075
Samokhvalova Tatyana Vladimirovna, 2nd year student of the magistracy in the direction of state and municipal administration of Kursk state university
e-mail: stv-2511 @mail. ru
THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL POLICY AND THE WAYS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUNICIPAL
EDUCATION KURSK)
Resume: This article is devoted to the study of the features of the social policy of the municipality. The main problems of the implementation of the social policy of the city of Kursk are considered, their characteristics are given. The ways of improving certain areas of social work are proposed.
Key words: social policy, social protection, social payments.
Samokhvalova Tatyana Vladimirovna, student 2 courses of a magistracy directions public and municipal administration KurskState University
e-mail: stv-2511 @ mail.ru
THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF REALIZATION OF SOCIAL POLICY AND WAY OF HER IMPROVEMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUNICIPALITY THE
Annotation: this article is devoted to a research of features of social policy of the municipality. The main problems of realization of social policy of Kursk are considered, their characteristic is given. Ways of improvement of the separate directions of social work are offered.
Keywords: social policy, social protection, social payments.
Social policy can be viewed as the impact of the authorities on society, as well as their actions to meet the social needs of the population, which is one of the necessary conditions for improving the quality of life. The successful development of the country in the social sphere largely depends on its state in the regions.
At present, a fairly voluminous legal framework has been created that regulates issues of social policy both in Russia and in the city of Kursk, in particular. A number of important legislative acts in this direction have been adopted. However, the need to correct the processes of providing social assistance to the population is relevant as part of the general processes of changing the system of administrative management.
Let us characterize the problems of implementing social policy in ensuring the protection of the population of the Kursk region:
1. The presence of problems in the legislation.
A study of the procedure for social payments in individual regions and the municipal formation of Kursk shows that, in addition to subsidies in the housing sector, the amount of which directly depends on the level of household income, the rest of payments in the social protection system continue to be more categorical than targeted. For example, the amount of monthly cash payments varies depending on the categories of veterans (disabled veterans, participants in the Second World War, home front workers, etc.); the amount of child benefits varies depending on the categories of families (complete family, family with one parent, family with a disabled child). This also happens with other types of payments. The amount of payments itself does not solve material problems, for example, for veterans of the Great Patriotic War, families with children with a low level of income. The population understands the limitations of existing material measures.
2. The procedure for raising and educating disabled children at home, the amount of compensation for parents' expenses for these purposes are determined by laws and other regulations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and are expenditure obligations of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The situation of disabled children differs significantly in different constituent entities of the Russian Federation, both for the better and for the worse, although based on the constitutional principles of equality, the position of these persons should be the same throughout the country. With regard to the protection of the rights and interests of children with disabilities, a unified comprehensive federal regulation is required.
3. An important problem of the population is the housing problem. For example, WWII veterans belong to the group of elderly people over 70 years old, and, therefore, need additional care. Therefore, it is not uncommon for grandchildren to live with veterans, children with families, i.e. the living conditions of both the veterans themselves and their family members are noticeably deteriorating. Appeals to local self-government bodies often do not address the problems themselves, the rights of veterans are often infringed upon.
4. Currently, there is an acute need for the formation of a positive image, for example, of large families, elderly people. So, the elderly are a category of people with a huge life experience, a stock of social and professional knowledge. Leaving their labor activity, they continue to participate in the social reproduction of new generations, constituting a link in the mechanism of the continuity of social relations, culture, and morality. Currently, a negative attitude towards pensioners is manifested among young people. Young people regard older people as outdated, lagging behind the realities of life, and sometimes hindering progress. And this position is extended to absolutely everything related to older generations - experience, traditions, history.
Families with many children also face insurmountable difficulties in social adaptation. Around mothers with many children and their children, a zone of social disapproval and even rejection has arisen. Having many children is not approved by local officials, because large families belong to low-income
categories of groups: mothers require the prescribed benefits, and the resources of the social sphere are always limited. School teachers do not welcome many children either. children from such families require increased attention. Law enforcement agencies also have a wary attitude towards large families, since children from these more often commit illegal actions.
5. The issue of the availability of transport can be attributed to a serious problem. Roads and intersections are gradually being repaired, expanded and introduced taking into account accessibility. But at the same time, on the territory of the urban district there is no public transport equipped with tools for the disabled (lifts for vehicles for wheelchair users, low entrance areas, handrails, etc.) Such vehicles are not purchased in the municipality. At the same time, the number of buses fully equipped should be at least 5% of the total number of public vehicles.
6. When contacting the social protection authorities of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation (for example, when they lose an apartment), employees of organizations are faced with the fact that when providing material assistance in kind, most citizens of this category do not have identity documents (passport) , as a result of which they cannot be provided with material assistance in kind.
Despite the intensification of state efforts at all levels of government to implement social policy, the current system of social protection of the population cannot be considered optimal and requires development.
The main ways to improve certain areas of social work can be as follows:
1. In order to improve the living conditions of pensioners, disabled people, and improve the quality of life, the experience of various regions and countries can be used.
2. In order to improve and develop social services for people who find themselves in difficult life situations (with the loss of an apartment), and
Having studied the experience of the Sverdlovsk region, it is possible to carry out the so-called "certification" of persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation. The essence of this event consists in drawing up and issuing to these persons a certificate of registration with an institution of social protection of the population.
3. Ensuring the access of disabled and elderly people to institutions is considered one of the essential indicators of a democratic society.
In order to solve the problems of visiting the Department and other institutions of social protection for disabled and elderly people, and the need to provide various kinds of services, it is possible to organize mobile brigades of employees of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the City District and specialists of comprehensive service centers for the population, social workers, doctors, nurses. The purpose of creating a mobile brigade is to realize the rights of citizens to social assistance, support, to receive the necessary information; ensuring the availability of social services to families and individuals who find themselves in a difficult life situation in need of social assistance.
4. To provide information on benefits and benefits to low-income categories of the population of the city of Kursk, with the support of the Administration, it is possible to propose to publish a brochure for these categories, for example, a collection for disabled people, which will contain information on payments and benefits provided to them. The collection must be handed out on a sample basis at the office itself and when visiting mobile teams of pensioners and disabled people.
5. In order to improve social work with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, the disabled, the elderly and relieve the psychological stress on employees of social institutions, it is necessary to constantly organize advanced training courses for civil servants and social workers.
Summing up the above, we can conclude that despite the fact that the legislative base in the social sphere is quite well developed, there are still many problems and unresolved issues. The implementation of the proposed activities and the use of the experience of colleagues from other regions will solve a number of problems of citizens in need of social assistance.
Bibliography:
1. Aslanova S. Kh. Modern problems of social policy of the state and ways to improve them // Young scientist. - 2015. - No. 9. -WITH. 511-514.
2. Gavrikov F.A. Management of the city of Kursk // Russian science and education today: problems and prospects. - 2016. - No. 4 (11). - S. 29-31.
3. Podosinnikov E.Yu., Slatinov V.B. State policy on the formation of an independent system for assessing the quality of social services: problems and prospects for implementation in the region // News of the South-West State University. Series: History and Law. - 2016. - No. 3 (20). - S. 121-128.
4. Kurylenko E.N. Game practices in the social reality of youth // Uchenye zapiski. Electronic scientific journal of Kursk State University. - 2009. - No. 3. - S. 156-161.
5. Pyasetskaya EN Local community and municipal management: transformation of interaction // Concept. - 2015. - No. 09 (September) [Electronic resource]: N1p: //ecopser1ga/2015/15311.ysh (date of access: 05/10/2017).
6. Slatinov VB The strategy of reforming public administration in modern Russia: the sphere of influence versus the capabilities of the state // Central Russian Bulletin of Social Sciences. - 2010. - No. 1. - S. 97-103.
7. Annual report of the head of the Administration of the city of Kursk on the results of his activities, the activities of the Administration of the city of Kursk for 2016 [Electronic resource]: http://kurskadmin.ru/ (date of appeal: 05/10/2017).
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MUNICIPAL SOCIAL POLICY
social policy municipal anapa
Introduction
1.1 The essence of municipal social policy, its goals and directions
2.2 Analysis of the activities of the social protection department of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in Anapa
2.3 Development of proposals for improving the functioning of social protection institutions in the field of social policy management in the municipality of the city - resort of Anapa
Conclusion
List of used literature
Introduction
Economic reforms in Russia have provided an opportunity for many citizens to independently provide themselves with a decent standard of living. Opportunities for entrepreneurship are open, allowing citizens to receive additional income. At the same time, social development during the transition period is accompanied by the exacerbation of traditional and the emergence of new problems. Ignoring the role of social factors in economic development led to a significant drop in real incomes of the population, a sharp property stratification of society.
The ongoing transformations, which disrupted the economic order that had existed for more than half a century, affected the fundamental interests of the entire population and required the urgent formation of a fundamentally new social policy. The difficulty lies in the fact that social policy cannot be guided by short-term tasks, it must determine strategic directions, which, of course, can be subject to tactical adjustments, but in general it must be coherent, reasonable, rational and effective and be formed taking into account historical conditions and national characteristics, politics and economic situation, cultural traditions. In addition, social policy is conservative and innovative. Conservatism lies in the fact that it preserves what has already been achieved in the social sphere and transfers it to those who need social intervention. Innovativeness is that politics must adapt social structures to the changes taking place.
In the conditions of Russia, this means that the existing experience and the existing infrastructure should be used to the maximum, which will serve as the basis for the formation of a new concept of social security.
In the formation of social strategy and policy, the political aspect of social protection is of particular importance. Any social support activities and social assistance measures should be planned to support the political line, support the government's reform agenda, and not weaken or discredit it.
Social policy is a powerful lever through which the state can exert a significant influence on social processes, changing the necessary cases their focus, intensity, qualitative and quantitative characteristics.
The state, as the main institution of power, was unable to create conditions for increasing the responsibility of citizens themselves for their own material well-being, and in this situation it could not come up with anything better than to abruptly - and not always justifiably - reduce the number of citizens entitled to social protection of the state, replacing the previous benefits in kind with nominal cash payments, which are in no way capable of replacing the right to these benefits.
State, in the 90s. which was in crisis and at the same time unreasonably establishing social support measures, as a result of which it took on a huge burden of social and economic functions, was unable to cope with the ensuing tasks, while blocking the development of civil society structures. As V.V. Putin in his message to the Federal Assembly: “Great hopes of millions of people were associated with the changes in the early 90s, but neither the authorities, nor business did not justify their hopes. In other words, in recent years we have purposefully worked to smooth out those imbalances in state construction and in the social sphere that have arisen. " Social protection of the population cannot be effective without developed institutions of civil society. The creation and further development of civil society institutions implies a rejection of the rigid centralization of state administration, in matters of improving social protection of the population, regional and municipal systems of social protection of the population come to the fore.
The sphere of preferential regulation in the Russian Federation is a kind of "minefield" where it is necessary to act extremely carefully and thoughtfully. In a country where the poor make up one fifth of the population (about 30 million people), which ranks 60th in the world in terms of living standards, any miscalculations of the legislator can lead to a social explosion. In Russia, benefits are not just a legal means, but one of the most complex, powerful in nature and degree of influence of social regulators, which at all times were actively used to carry out certain transformations in society.
As the President noted in his Address to the Federal Assembly:
“I believe that social responsibility should be the basis of the activities of both officials and business representatives, and they must remember that the people are the source of Russia's well-being and prosperity. The state is obliged to do so that this was not in words, but in deeds. I am convinced that we cannot solve any of the urgent tasks facing our country without ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, without the effective organization of the state itself, without the development of democracy and civil society. "
The relevance of this research topic lies in the fact that in recent decades in Russia, as well as throughout the world, there have been dynamic changes in the social structure of society and social tension is growing. The well-being of society significantly depends on attention to the problems of the population and the implementation of social policy.
The transformation of society in the economic, cultural and social spheres gave rise to a lot of problems and posed many-sided tasks. At present, various methods of regional policy are being formed, social programs are being developed at the level of local self-government, and social partnership is being activated.
The purpose of the final qualifying work is the study of social policy at the municipal level and the development of measures to improve it.
In accordance with this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
To study the essence of municipal social policy, its goals and directions;
Consider the forms of implementation of social policy in the municipality;
Explore the legal framework for the implementation of municipal social policy;
To analyze the implementation of municipal social policy on the example of the social protection department of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in Anapa over a number of years;
On the basis of the study, formulate proposals for improving the functioning of social protection institutions in the field of social policy management in the municipality of the city - resort of Anapa.
The object of the study of the final qualifying work is the department of social protection of the population of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in Anapa.
The subject of the final qualifying work is the process of implementation of social policy in the municipality of the city - resort of Anapa by institutions of social protection.
The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the materials can be used for the formation of social policy at the municipal level, the creation of its normative and legal
base. The methodological base in the final qualifying work was scientific methods of collecting information: statistical, historical. The structure of the work is presented by an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of used literature.
The first chapter reveals the theoretical aspects of the formation of the social policy of the municipality, the essence of the municipal social policy, its goals and directions, the forms of implementation of social policy in the municipality, the legal basis for the implementation of the municipal social policy.
The second chapter reveals the practice of implementing municipal social policy on the example of the social protection department of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in Anapa. The characteristics of the department of social protection of the population of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in Anapa have been determined, an analysis of the directions of its activities has been carried out. Suggestions for improving the functioning of social protection institutions in the field of social policy management in the municipal formation of the city - resort of Anapa are indicated.
The final qualifying work is supplemented with digital material for a number of years, which is tabulated and analyzed, with graphs and diagrams.
To write the work were used regulatory and legislative documents, periodicals, textbooks on the topic under study and official Internet resources.
1. Theoretical aspects of the formation of social policy of the municipality
The essence of municipal social policy, its goals and directions In accordance with Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, our country is defined as a social state, the policy of which is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free human development. "The welfare state is a characteristic related to the constitutional and legal status of the state, which presupposes the constitutional guarantee of economic and social rights and freedoms of man and citizen and the corresponding obligations of the state."
Social policy is a part of the overall policy of the state, which concerns the relationship between social groups, between society as a whole and members of this society, associated with changes in the social structure, the rise in the well-being and well-being of people, improving their lives, meeting their material and spiritual needs.
An extended analysis of the literature indicates the presence of huge amount interpretations of the term "social policy".
The Russian Sociological Encyclopedia states that “social policy is one of the main spheres political activities states, political parties, public organizations that are subjects of politics, the task of which is the formation of classes, social groups, social strata, state or other national communities, linguistic groups, as well as human development, forming a particular society. "
R. Barker's Dictionary of Social Work, widely spread both abroad and recently in our country, gives a detailed definition: “Social policy is the activity and principle of society, which forms the method by which it intervenes and regulates relations between individuals, groups, communities, social institutions. These foundations and actions are considered to be the result of the customs and values of society and to a large extent characterizes the distribution of resources and the level of well-being of its people. "
Here, the position of P.D. Pavlenka, taking into account the opinion of which "The social policy of the state is a specific orientation and a system of measures to optimize the social formation of society, the relationship between social and other groups, the creation of certain criteria to meet the vital needs of their representatives." This definition refers to the number of those who interpret the phenomenon under consideration quite extensively, possibly including the content of other types of politics.
Based on the convictions of the political and legal interpretation, V.M. Kapitsyn: “Social policy in the broad sense of the word means the ruling action of the state, based on a system of rules (norms), regulatory structures that make decisions and organize activities that promote the involvement of different actors in political processes. The task of such an action is to contribute to the formation of a community of interests of broad strata of the population and thereby to consolidate society, seeking support for the activities of the state. " The fundamental point here is that the author focuses on the administrative content of the state's social policy.
The relationship between social policy and social security is emphasized in the work of V.V. Kolkov, who formulated the following definition: "Social policy is a causal, situational, dynamic in form and orientation activity on the actual organization of public safety of citizens striving to embody their own needs and interests in society."
Based on the convictions of I.M. Lavrenenko: "Social policy is an activity to manage the social sphere of society, designed to ensure the life and reproduction of new generations, to create messages for the stability and formation of a social system and a decent life for people."
On the one hand, social policy is the art of combining human interests, the interests of individuals and the state, different meanings human communities, groups in the field of social relations, and on the other hand, it is a system of constantly renewed interactions of state power, non-state structures, the personality itself associated with life support and human development.
An analysis of the above views of different authors on the essence of social policy indicates that any of the above positions reflects one of the sides of the truth.
On the basis of the above, a definition can be formulated: social policy is a set of ideological ideas of society and the state about the goals of social development and activities to achieve social indicators that meet these goals.
When considering the content of social policy, one can focus on a broad approach: the social includes everything that is not classified as natural, that is developed in the process of human social practice. The narrowest point of view is considered, which separates the sphere of production and non-production, endowing the latter with the status of the social sphere.
The difference in approaches to determining the content of social policy is reflected in the variety of characteristics of social statistics: they provide that set of indicators of social development of society, which is considered the goal of social policy, representing the social mechanism of the economic system.
V.V. Kolkov, on the basis of an analysis of the activities of modern social states, declares that social security, social support, social protection, and social work are considered the structure-forming components of social policy.
Taking into account the opinion of I.A. Grigorieva, social policy is focused on helping the poor and fighting poverty, developing social insurance, working with young people, stimulating employment, activating the transfer of benefit recipients to the category of economically and socially significant.
A meaningful social policy is focused on the creation of criteria that ensure a dignified life and free development of a citizen of a democratic society. Man, his rights and freedoms are considered the highest value. And the recognition, observance and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms is considered the main duty of the state to the population.
The main task of social policy is to increase the level of well-being and well-being of the population, as well as to reduce poverty and social inequality. This task of social policy should be solved in close unity with the economic policy of the state.
Economic and social policies are inextricably linked, and the goals and objectives of one cannot be successfully achieved without the implementation of the goals and objectives of the other. First, a progressive economy requires a competent workforce. Secondly, the incomes of the population form effective demand, and the latter is the main engine of growth in a market economy. An increase in prosperity, therefore, is not only a result, but also an absolutely necessary prerequisite for economic growth. This provision puts social tasks at the top of the list.
The following main directions of social policy can be distinguished:
1. The income policy is designed to intensify the labor efforts of the population, direct them to the restoration of priority sectors for the progress of the national economy: science, the education system, health care, the high-tech industry, which this moment become critical. Indeed, it is the introduction of high technologies based on new knowledge that gives an unprecedented reduction in the cost of products and services.
State income policy is obliged to create incentives for employees to work effectively in the main sectors of the economy for economic growth. This can help stop the flow of the best talent abroad and into the private sector of the economy, where their potential is almost always misused. The most significant and reasoned intersectoral and intrasectoral differentiation is needed wages, overcoming equalization, and often arbitrariness of employers in wages of employees.
The social protection system should provide a special socially acceptable level of per capita income for the most needy members of society. With regard to active measures to overcome disparities in wages, it is advisable to start with improving the wage system for public sector employees.
2. The most important place in social policy should be occupied by the problem of maintaining and ensuring social and labor relations. Labor must be guaranteed its place of basic social value.
In this direction, social policy includes measures to promote employment of the population. In modern conditions, this work is only possible within the framework of the principle of social partnership, in other words, on the basis of joint work with entrepreneurs (employers) and trade unions (associations of employees).
In addition to strengthening existing jobs and creating new jobs, one of the ways to find "income-generating employment" is considered to help self-employment, the organization of small businesses on a family or neighborhood basis. Naturally, the main thing in such activities is the personal initiative of potential entrepreneurs, but the regional administration can support it by providing more suitable starting conditions, creating a positive regulatory and investment climate, protecting against criminals, and providing regional social orders.
An internationally recognized social technology for supporting an unemployed individual is considered to be additional training or retraining in order to acquire a new qualification or specialization that best meets the requirements of the time. Employment services are intensively implementing this type of social support.
3. At this stage, social policy contains structural components: social security, social support, social protection, social assistance, social services and, accordingly, social work.
Undoubtedly, the central place in modern conditions is occupied specifically by the policy of social protection of the population.
A legitimate question arises: why in modern society there is a need for social protection of the population, from what and from whom to protect? From the results of natural and man-made disasters; from the causes of biological and social risk, including atypical demographic behavior: having many children, loneliness, poverty, etc. Thus, social protection, like social policy, applies to all groups of the population, including its able-bodied part.
Social protection can be carried out in cash in the form of pensions and benefits, as well as in kind. In addition, by providing various types of services to persons who are the object of social protection. It can be both compensatory and preventive.
Effective social protection presupposes the implementation of a policy that adequately responds to the social well-being of citizens, capable of capturing an increase in social discontent and social tension, as well as preventing possible conflicts and radical forms of protest.
4. A) The health of the nation. Health is one of the main and irreplaceable social values. Its lack or absence has no opportunity to be fully compensated for by practically no other benefits or values. The rights of individuals in the field of health protection are recognized by international law. Health policy, among other things, has the ability to be implemented exclusively by the entire system of government, and not only by health authorities.
The main factor of health is the level and quality of nutrition, which should be rational, balanced, meet the individual characteristics of individuals, their age and the nature of their activities. This aspect of health first affects social policy as a whole, since the mandatory social minimums guaranteed by the state are required to provide the minimum amount of funds necessary for the normal reproduction of the labor force and the development of the individual.
The sanitary condition of the area and the quality of health care play an important role in the health sector. The weakening of manageability at all levels, the loss of control over the observance of public service standards and the quality of products lead to a constant increase in infectious diseases and separate outbreaks of such diseases.
b) Education. Education is one of the mandatory attributes of modern society, its adequate level characterizes the degree of opportunity for an individual to achieve success, to fully participate in social development. Education makes an important contribution not only to the dissemination of knowledge, but also to the formation of the personality of students, the upbringing of individuals who meet the needs of society.
Our country has accumulated rich traditions of the development of education at various levels. In the context of a progressive socio-economic decline in the Russian Federation, the development of education, its adaptation to the requirements of social reality and at the same time the preservation of the traditions of fundamental education accumulated over decades and centuries of previous history are important areas of social policy. The educational structure itself is a rather complicated phenomenon, since it includes state, municipal and non-state institutions. Their task is to provide both children and adults with educational opportunities and vocational training. The system of educational institutions covers various elements: from preschool education to postgraduate levels. In addition, there are various types of additional education.
5 .a) Accommodation. Housing policy is considered an important component of ensuring social development, to a serious extent associated not only with the economy, but also with the ideology of the socio-economic trend of the country's movement. The definition of the goals of the housing policy, the means and methods of achieving it depends on the adoption of this or that ideology, of this or that direction of development. The planned economy has more than once proclaimed the goal of providing each family with a separate dwelling. But within its framework there was an unrecoverable contradiction: the guaranteed provision of housing was associated with the duration of its waiting and moderate quality indicators. Unregulated market economy rejects the obligations of the state to citizens to provide housing, but allows its acquisition on market conditions, while, as a rule, in such a time frame and of such quality that the consumer can afford. The contradiction of this model of housing policy is that the majority of the population has incomes that absolutely do not allow satisfying housing needs on a market basis. It should be noted that most of the social countries are pursuing a housing policy that provides for the provision of cheap municipal housing to their poor citizens.
b) Transport. The transport infrastructure of a modern city as a single system consists of parts of external and intracity transport, interacting with each other and ensuring the smooth functioning of urban structures. The transport infrastructure is a complex organism that functions as a result of continuous improvement of management by municipal and state authorities.
The organization of route transportation, despite the changes that have occurred in the socio-economic structure of the Russian Federation, is considered a priority area in the implementation of the social policy of cities. First, all types of passenger, as well as freight and special transport are subject to route organization of traffic. This approach reduces the joint costs of maintaining urban transport networks and optimizes the traffic load on the city's road network. The city's transport system must ensure uninterrupted, safe, timely movement of people and goods.
6. The Russian Federation is considered one of the states characterized by the main types of migration problems. The migration situation in our country is characterized by a rather huge influx of migrants, among which a certain proportion are refugees and internally displaced persons. At the same time, the issues of access to the country of unwanted, as well as illegal, migrants, and at the same time "brain drain" from our country and a number of problems of internal migration are quite acute.
A long-term program "Migration" is being developed, according to which refugees are settled in pre-selected regions, where the system of their accommodation has been thought out in advance, the infrastructure of social protection has been created, the necessary financial, material, technical and human resources have been calculated, the sources of their provision have been determined, including by attracting funds of the world community, governmental and non-governmental organizations.
There is an obvious close relationship between the state migration policy and the state policy of regulating the employment of the population. It is the situation on the labor market that creates either the need for an inflow of additional labor, including through migration, or describes the need for an immigration outflow from crisis and depressed areas with a high level of unemployment.
1.2 Forms of social policy implementation in the municipality
The implementation of the social policy of the municipality is currently undergoing significant changes associated with financial transformations. Previously, the administrative management system was not supported by economic resources, because they were distributed according to the target basis. It was rather difficult to coordinate the work of all structures, as well as to purposefully manage the municipality. For a long time, excessive sectoral qualifications and centralization of management deprived local governments of the ability to influence the work of enterprises and non-production structures located in the municipality, excluding their effective interaction in the interests of its formation. Management was practically carried out according to the sectoral principle, according to which the monetary resources were also distributed. When forming the local budget, the structure of urban facilities, primarily the service and social spheres, was not taken into account.
All of the above, together with the weak coordination of enterprises and their isolation, caused disproportions in the development of the municipality; problems of a social, demographic and economic nature were especially acute. Thus, the formation of social infrastructure lagged significantly behind the development of the production sector.
Currently, local government bodies are beginning to play a significant role in solving social policy problems. Since it is they who carry out management in the municipality, carry out social policy in it, create conditions, as well as the opportunity for self-organization of citizens, solving socio-economic problems. Social policy at the municipal level is the main component of social policy carried out by various actors in the social state.
Local self-government in the system of state bodies is called upon to guarantee a comprehensive solution to issues of servicing the population, thereby contributing to the achievement of political and social stability in society.
The social policy of local self-government bodies, as a fundamental part of the activities of the bodies of the social state, contains:
1. Appointment and payment of pensions, benefits.
2. Assistance and assistance in ensuring employment of the able-bodied population.
3. Preventing the decline in real incomes by creating targeted social assistance systems.
4. Support for low-income groups of the population in the acquisition and maintenance of housing.
5. Creation of conditions for the rehabilitation of disabled people and the development of social infrastructure.
6. Control over the work of bodies of medical and social expertise.
7. Establishment of guardianship and trusteeship.
8. Organization of public works.
9. Granting, within the limits of its authority, privileges and benefits related to the protection of mothers and children; assistance in creating the necessary living conditions for retired servicemen and their families.
10 Carrying out activities for the summer rehabilitation of children with disabilities and children from low-income families.
11 Development of the municipal health care system; implementation of measures aimed at maintaining and improving the level of health of the population.
12 Creation of favorable conditions for the birth and upbringing of children, protection of their rights.
13 Protection of motherhood, fatherhood, childhood.
14 General availability of preschool, general and secondary vocational education in state and municipal institutions.
The concept of "social foundations of local self-government" is absent in the fundamental laws. While the practice of solving socially significant problems at the local level in our country has given rise to the need to develop this category. The study of the developments available in the literature, as well as the results of the analysis, make it possible to formulate a number of fundamental methodological provisions:
1. The leading role in the arrangement of human life at the local level is played by self-government bodies. They must know the needs of a person and provide timely support and assistance, because where the primary needs of a person are satisfied, a personality is formed.
2. Involvement of citizens in solving local problems forms their motivation aimed at the rational use of available resources - natural, intellectual, human resources, etc., which are nontraditional.
3. Local self-government bodies should have an initiating and stimulating role in organizing the social activity of residents.
4. Local self-government should more accurately assess the degree of priority of certain social tasks in a given territory, therefore, and how to achieve the highest efficiency in spending extremely limited funds for solving social problems.
5. Resolving social problems at the municipal level leads to significant savings in time to achieve the set social goals and objectives in comparison with activities of more significant levels of management.
6. Bodies of local self-government have all the chances to be more strictly controlled by the population than regulatory bodies of higher levels (regional or federal).
Proceeding from the fact that a person, his development and protection is considered the goal, measure and subject of social policy as such, the local level, first of all, should be subject to research and regulation. Indeed, it is at the place of residence that people get work, wages, pensions, social benefits and benefits. Here they give birth and raise children, receive education, medical care. Specifically at the local level, they get a real personification of all three levels of social policy - federal, regional and local proper.
Thus, from the point of view of the targeted purpose, the local level is the most significant, at the same time, federal and regional social policies fulfill the function of ensuring it. The state, represented by federal and regional authorities, acts as the main institution describing, planning, coordinating and characterizing the efforts of all governing bodies and systems for regulating social processes. Therefore, it is no coincidence that in recent years the most close attention has been paid to the category of "local social policy", and the designated concept is gradually beginning to enter regulations, including at the municipal level.
The social functions of local self-government bodies are quite laborious and multifaceted, and this contains a source of a huge number of problems, contradictions and difficulties, including in the implementation of a strong social policy - by the federal center, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies. As the scale and difficulties of social functions increase, they need to be appropriately strengthened at the levels of government of a society of two types of social regulation - the federal center, republics within Russia, regions and territories, autonomous formations, as well as more than 11 thousand local government structures.
Long-term Russian and foreign policy has made it possible to formulate the principle of subsidiarity or dedicated competence. Its essence lies in the fact that part of the function of regulating life processes in the country is carried out by the legislative and executive bodies of the federal center, the other part - by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and some of the issues have been transferred for resolution to local representative and executive authorities. It was accepted, in particular, that the issues of pension provision, higher education and others find a solution by public authorities. Difficulties in preschool education, leisure activities, strengthening sanitary conditions, fire safety and policing is best dealt with at the local level. According to this principle, among other things, issues of material and financial support of social events are resolved.
The main functions emanating from local self-government bodies and aimed at livelihoods, in the end, are realized in places where people live. However, according to the principle of subsidiarity, the local government participates in solving some problems by creating conditions, in others - by participation, in the third - by exercising control, in the fourth - by taking over the entire organization of the case.
1.3 Legal framework for the implementation of municipal social policy
The legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of social policy identifies the main directions of ensuring the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation, enshrined in the Constitution. In this regard, the current Russian legislation in the field of social policy can be conditionally classified by taking the rights of citizens recognized by Article 3 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the field of:
Labor relations and the rights of citizens to rest ("Labor Code of the Russian Federation" of 12/30/2001 N 197-FZ, RF Law of 04/19/1991 N 1032-1 "On employment in the Russian Federation", Federal Law of 02/23/1995 N 26 -FZ "On natural healing resources, health-improving areas and resorts", Federal Law of 24.10.1997 N 134-FZ "On the cost of living in the Russian Federation", etc.);
Social security (Federal Law of 28.12.2013 N 442-FZ "On the Basics of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation", Federal Law of 24.11.1995 N 181-FZ "On Social Protection of Disabled People in the Russian Federation", Federal Law of 17.07.1999 178-ФЗ "On state social assistance", etc.);
Housing policy ("Housing Code of the Russian Federation" of December 29, 2004 N 188-FZ, RF Law of June 25, 1993 N 5242-1 "On the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to freedom of movement, choice of place of stay and residence within the Russian Federation", Law Of the Russian Federation of July 4, 1991 No. 1541-1 "On the privatization of the housing stock in the Russian Federation", Federal Law of July 16, 1998 N 102-FZ "On mortgages (real estate pledges)", etc.);
Healthcare (Law of the Russian Federation of June 28, 1991 N 1499-1 "On medical insurance of citizens in the Russian Federation", Law of the Russian Federation of June 9, 1993 No. 5142-I "On the donation of blood and its components", "Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on health protection of citizens "(approved by the RF Armed Forces on July 22, 1993 N 5487-1), etc.);
Ecology (Law of the Russian Federation of 05.15.1991 N 1244-1 "On social protection of citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster", Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population", etc. .);
Education (Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ (as amended on March 2, 2016) "On Education in the Russian Federation", etc.);
"Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on culture", Federal Law of 26.05.1996 N 54-FZ "On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and museums in the Russian Federation", Federal Law of 22.08.1996 N 126-FZ "On state support of cinematography of the Russian Federation" and etc.).
Article 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the powers of the Government of the Russian Federation to carry out a unified state policy in the country in the field of culture, science, education, health care, social security, and ecology. The main direction of policy in the social sphere is considered to take care of a person, creating conditions for his worthy life and his all-round development.
In order to implement the main provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, guaranteeing the social rights of citizens of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation has developed and adopted more than 30 federal laws, some of which have already been mentioned above. Responsible federal executive bodies, through the implementation of bylaws of the President of the Russian Federation (Decrees and Orders) and the Government of the Russian Federation (resolutions and orders), aimed at implementing the current Russian legislation in the social sphere, as well as their own acts of federal executive bodies in this area, implement legal foundations of social policy at the federal level.
The regional level characterizes the directions and mechanisms for the implementation of social policy in a particular constituent entity of the Russian Federation by the method of developing and adopting acts of legislative (representative) and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The main powers of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of social policy are determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law of October 6, 1999 No. 184-FZ "On general principles of organization of legislative (representative) and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation."
The local level is determined by municipal acts. The main powers of local self-government bodies of municipalities in the field of social policy are determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003 “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation.
2. The practice of implementing municipal social policy on the example of the UZSN of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in Anapa
2.1 Characteristics of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in Anapa
Municipal social policy is a system of goals, objectives and mechanisms for their implementation, aimed at providing the population with social services, the maintenance and development of the social sphere of the municipality. It is being built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with state authorities, primarily with the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Through the municipal social policy, both the local authorities' own powers and the state powers transferred to the municipal level in the social sphere are implemented.
The social sphere in Anapa is represented by the existing system of health care, education, culture, sports, social protection and employment of the population.
Social protection of the population is a practical activity for the implementation of the main directions of social policy.
The Department of Social Protection of the Population in Anapa is an institution that implements certain areas of social policy and exercises the following powers on the territory of the municipality in the region:
Implementation of state policy in the field of social support and social services for the population in the territory of this municipality;
Organizing social support and social services for families, women, children, elderly citizens, veterans, disabled people and other categories of citizens and providing them with social support measures;
Provision of state social assistance to citizens in need of state support in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Krasnodar Territory;
Monitoring compliance with the procedure for the provision of social services in social service organizations of the Krasnodar Territory, subordinate to the Ministry, located on the territory of this municipality;
The exercise of powers to establish, exercise and guardianship and guardianship in relation to adult citizens recognized by the court as incompetent, incompletely capable, as well as patronage in relation to adult capable citizens who, for health reasons, cannot independently exercise and defend their rights and fulfill their duties, and also protecting the interests of missing citizens;
Appointment and payment of subsidies and compensations for the payment of housing and utilities;
Reimbursement of expenses to organizations of the region, providing residents of the Krasnodar Territory with measures of social support for paying for housing, utilities, travel;
Organizational, methodological, legal support (including on personnel work) and coordination of the activities of social service organizations;
Assistance in the return to the place of permanent residence within the Russian Federation, the CIS countries and the Baltic states of minors who have left their families without permission, organizations for orphans and children left without parental care;
Planning costs for the maintenance of management and activities in the field of social policy;
Exercise, within the limits of its powers, interdepartmental coordination of the implementation of activities government programs Krasnodar Territory, aimed at social support, as well as providing rehabilitation assistance to people with disabilities and creating an accessible environment;
Coordination of measures for the implementation of an individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person (disabled child) and providing the necessary assistance to a disabled person;
Registration of disabled people in need of education and sending them to vocational education institutions of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation and the state treasury educational institution of primary vocational education of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory "Armavir vocational boarding school for the disabled";
Assistance in the direction of elderly citizens, disabled people, women, children, veterans and other categories of citizens recognized as needing social services on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, in the organization of social services for the Krasnodar Territory, providing social services in semi-stationary and stationary forms;
Implementation of social support measures to provide housing for veterans and disabled people, families with disabled children, as well as rehabilitated persons;
Accounting, formation of a queue and issuance of a ticket to citizens in need of social services in the state budgetary institution of social services of the Krasnodar Territory
"Sochi social and health center for citizens in difficult life situations";
Implementation, within the limits of its authority, of measures to organize the health improvement and recreation of children.
Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in the city of k. Anapa has the following structure:
Head of department;
Deputy Heads of the Department;
Department of accounting, reporting and social benefits;
Department of Appointment of Social Benefits, Subsidies and Compensations;
Division for social support measures and social services for certain categories and groups of the population (Figure 1).
Rice. 1 Structure of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Anapa District
To determine the effectiveness of the work of a social protection institution, an analysis was carried out of the social indicators of the development of the Anapa district, presented on the official website of the Ministry of Social Development and Family Policy of the Krasnodar Territory, for the period from the 1st half of 2013 to the 1st half of 2015, which revealed that there is a dynamics towards the growth of the considered indicators. The number of resident population in 2013 was: 164 573 people, including minors: 36 785, pensioners: 44 895, invalids of them: 11 452, disabled children: 389. In 2014, the resident population increased to 164 778 people, 37,276 - minors, 44,865 - pensioners, disabled people - 12,190, disabled children - 399. In 2015, the resident population was: 177,611, including minors: 38,908, pensioners: 48,101, disabled people: 12,204 , disabled children: 575 (table 1).
Social indicators of the district
Table 1
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Index |
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half a year |
half a year |
half a year |
results of the year |
half a year |
half a year |
half a year |
results of the year |
||
|
Resident population, people including: |
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|
minors |
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|
pensioners |
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|
disabled people, of which |
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|
disabled children |
In the department of social protection of the population of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in the city of k. Anapa is working with citizens' appeals, which is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of May 2, 2006 N ° 59-ФЗ "On the Procedure for Considering Appeals of Citizens of the Russian Federation", as well as the Law of the Krasnodar Territory of June 28, 2007 N ° 1270-KZ " On additional guarantees for the realization of the right of citizens to appeal in the Krasnodar Territory. "
Citizens' appeals are sent to the department of social protection of the population of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in the city of k. Anapa through post offices, by telegraph, at a personal reception, by electronic or facsimile communication, by a single social phone, as well as through the virtual reception of the ministry. Personal reception of citizens is carried out in the department for the appointment of social benefits, subsidies and compensations of the department of social protection of the population of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in the city of Kiev. Anapa.
Also to the direct powers of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Krasnodar Territory in the city of k. Anapa include:
Implementation of the policy of providing an accessible environment for people with disabilities;
Providing benefits, compensations, subsidies, as well as other measures of social support;
Establishment of preferential status;
Organization of social support for senior citizens, disabled people, families with minor children, low-income groups of the population and other categories of the population;
Organization of social services for the population;
Organization of rehabilitation of disabled people;
Issues of guardianship, guardianship and patronage of adults;
Implementation of measures to prevent neglect and homelessness of minors, to identify and eliminate the causes and conditions that contribute to this;
Protection of family, motherhood, fatherhood, childhood, orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them;
Recreation and recreation of children;
Adoption (adoption), custody and guardianship of minors, placement of orphans and children left without parental care;
Organization of activities of institutions for minors;
Implementation of regional state control (supervision) in the field of social services;
Implementation of state policy in the field of employment and protection from unemployment, labor relations, labor protection and social partnership, organizational and technical support for the activities of the regional interdepartmental commission on the attraction and use of foreign workers in the Krasnodar Territory;
Organizational and technical support for the activities of the commission for minors and the protection of their rights under the administration of the Krasnodar Territory.
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Along with solving problems related to supporting the poor, mitigating possible negative consequences of reforms, improving the demographic situation, social policy should ensure the formation of factors influencing economic growth. This task is realized through the fullest involvement of the labor, intellectual and creative potential of its citizens in the economy. Special attention will be paid to: development and rational use of the labor potential of society; equalizing economic opportunities and enhancing social mobility due to the availability of modern education; support of socially vulnerable groups of the population, improvement of pension provision, further improvement of targeted social assistance, streamlining of the system of social benefits and benefits, organization of recreation and health improvement for children; ensuring the growth of monetary incomes of the population and reducing their differentiation on the basis of an increase in wages, accompanied by an increase in labor productivity, an increase in wages in the public sector; creating conditions for effective employment of the population, ensuring a balance of supply and demand in labor markets, including through improving the quality, competitiveness and mobility of the labor force; reducing the scale of poverty on the basis of ensuring effective employment of the population, increasing the financial stability of the pension system, personifying social assistance; the formation of a system of additional non-state social insurance as a factor of social stability; introduction of new methods of financing budgetary institutions, expanding their economic independence and creating conditions for improving the quality and variety of social services provided to citizens; interaction with civil society structures in financing and providing social services, monitoring their quality, providing targeted support to socially vulnerable citizens; stimulating socially responsible behavior of representatives of Russian business.
The solution to these problems can be ensured under the condition of a radical increase in the efficiency of the social sector and optimization of the use of state resources in the interests of citizens - consumers of social services. In particular, it is necessary to expand the use of financing methods based on the principle of "money follows the consumer" (per capita financing, insurance mechanisms, state social order). Simultaneously with a change in the system of financing social institutions, it is necessary to expand their economic independence, increase responsibility to the consumer for the services provided, and make a transition to payment upon the provision of specific social services by them. In the medium term, it is necessary to legislatively formalize new organizational forms of social organizations within the state and municipal sectors of the economy, which will improve the quality of social services provided to the population, increase the efficiency and transparency of the use of budget funds. The current unfavorable demographic situation also requires the adoption of measures aimed at implementing the concept of demographic development for the period up to 2015, based on the following principles: stabilizing the birth rate and strengthening the family; improving the health of the population, increasing life expectancy, reducing preventable, especially premature, mortality.