How many units of bread are in 100 grams of cherries. The art of being healthy. How many meals should there be during the day

In order for a patient with a diagnosed diabetes mellitus it was easier to control the amount of carbohydrates consumed, to correctly calculate the dosage of insulin injections and the calorie content of dishes, there are special conventional bread units that were developed by German nutritionists.

Calculation of bread units allows you to control the level of glycemia in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, normalize carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the correct composition of the menu for patients helps to achieve compensation for the disease, and reduce the risk of complications.

What is 1 grain unit, how to correctly convert carbohydrates to this value and how to calculate it in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, how much insulin is needed to assimilate 1 XE? One XE corresponds to 10 g of carbohydrates, without dietary fiber and 12 g, taking into account ballast substances. Eating 1 unit causes an increase in glycemia by 2.7 mmol / L, for the assimilation of such an amount of glucose, 1.5 units of insulin are required.

Having an idea of ​​how much a dish contains XE, you can correctly draw up a daily balanced diet, calculate the required dosage of the hormone in order to prevent sugar surges. You can diversify the menu as much as possible, some products are replaced by others with identical indicators.

How to correctly count food units of bread in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, how much is allowed to be consumed per day XE? A unit corresponds to one small piece of bread weighing 25 g. Indicators of other food products can be viewed in the table of bread units, which should always be at hand for patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Patients are allowed to eat 18-25 XE per day, depending on the total body weight, the intensity of physical activity. Meals should be fractional, you need to eat up to 5 times a day in small portions. For breakfast, you need to consume 4 XE, and for lunch, an evening meal should be no more than 1–2, since a person spends more energy during the day. It is unacceptable to exceed 7 XE per meal. If it is difficult to abstain from sweets, then it is best to eat them in the morning or before playing sports.

Online calculator

You can use an online calculator to calculate the units of bread in ready-to-eat meals and foods for type 2 diabetics. Here you can select dishes, drinks, fruits and desserts, see their calorie content, the amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, calculate the total amount of XE for one meal.

When calculating bread units for compiling a menu for patients with diabetes mellitus using a calculator, it is necessary to take into account the oil that is added to salads or during frying. Do not forget about milk, in which porridge is cooked, for example.

XE content in vegetables and fruits

It is recommended to add as many fresh vegetables as possible to the diabetic's diet, since these products contain a large amount of essential vitamins, minerals, vegetable fiber, and some carbohydrates. Unsweetened fruits are rich in pectin, micro and macronutrients. In addition, these foods have a low glycemic index. To find out how many units of bread are contained in 100 g of watermelon, melon, cherries, blueberries, gooseberries, tangerines, raspberries, peaches, 100 g of blueberries, plums, irgi, strawberries, you need to look at their value in the XE table of products for type 1 and type 2 diabetes ... Bananas, grapes, raisins, figs, melons contain a large amount of carbohydrates, so patients should refrain from eating them.

Table of bread units contained in fruits for compiling a diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetics:

List of products	Carbohydrate content	XE in 100 g
Strawberry	8	0,6
Peaches	9	0,75
Raspberries	8	0,6
Cherries	10	0,83
Gooseberry	4	0,8
Blueberry	5	0,9
Watermelon	5	0,42
Melon	7	0,58
Plums	9	0,75
Tangerines, oranges	8	0,67
Apricots	9	0,75
Cherry	10	0,83
Irga	12	1
Apples	9	0,75
Garnet	14	1,17
Banana	12	1,75

The most complete vegetable table of bread units of all products:

Products	Carbohydrates	XE in 100 g
Potato	16	1,33
Eggplant	4	0,33
Champignon	0,1	0
White cabbage	4	0,33
Broccoli	4	0,33
Cabbage	2	0,17
Carrot	6	0,5
Tomatoes	4	0,33
Beet	8	0,67
Bell pepper	4	0,33
Pumpkin	4	0,33
Jerusalem artichoke	12	1
Onion	8	0,67
Zucchini	4	0,33
Cucumbers	2	0,17

XE content in dairy products

With diabetes mellitus, you need to eat low-fat dairy products that do not contain sugar. One glass of milk is equal to 1 XE. You can find out how many units of bread are in cottage cheese, cheeses, yogurt from the table for calculating carbohydrates, XE for diabetics.

Table of bread units of fermented milk products:

Products	Carbohydrates	XE in 100 g
Kefir	4	0,33
Cow's milk	4	0,33
Goat milk	4	0,33
Ryazhenka	4	0,33
Cream	3	0,25
Sour cream	3	0,25
Cottage cheese	2	0,17
Yogurt	8	0,67
Butter	1	0,08
Dutch cheese	0	0
Processed cheese	23	1,92
Serum	3	0,25
Homemade cheese	1	0,08
Yogurt	4	0,33

Milk is useful product nutrition, as it contains proteins, vitamins and minerals. These substances are necessary for the body for the growth of muscle tissue, strengthening the structure of the bones of the skeleton, teeth. Children especially need it. Diabetics are allowed to consume a fat-free product. It should be noted that goat milk much fatter than cow. But it is useful for normalizing intestinal peristalsis, strengthening immunity.

Another useful product is serum, which helps to normalize glycemia, regulates metabolic processes in the body. Consuming whey can help you lose weight.

The best cheese to eat is the soy product tofu. Hard varieties should be eaten in limited quantities and the fat content should not exceed 3%.

With unstable glycemia, it is better to completely abandon cream, sour cream and butter. But you can and even need to eat low-fat cottage cheese, but in small portions.

Meat and eggs

How many units of bread are in an egg? In chicken, quail eggs does not contain carbohydrates, therefore this product corresponds to 0 XE. Boiled yolk contains 4 g of carbohydrates per 100 g, its XE index is 0.33. Despite the low value, eggs are quite high in calories, they contain fats and proteins, this should be taken into account when drawing up the menu.

Lamb, beef, rabbit meat, bacon pork and turkey meat have a zero XE index. Diabetics are advised to cook less fatty meats and fish. Preference should be given to steamed dishes baked with vegetables that have not been fried in oil. Do not combine meat products with potatoes. It is necessary to count conventional grain units taking into account oil and spices.

One sandwich with boiled pork and white contains 18 g of carbohydrates and the XE count corresponds to 1.15. This amount can completely replace a snack or one meal.

Various varieties of cereals

What is a bread unit, how much is contained in cereals and cereals, which of them can be eaten with type 1 and 2 diabetes? The most useful cereal is buckwheat, from which you can cook porridge or add to soup. Its benefit lies in the content of slow carbohydrates (60 g), which are gradually absorbed by the blood and do not cause sharp jumps glycemia. XE = 5 units / 100 g

Oatmeal, flakes (5 XE / 100 g) are very useful. Such a product is boiled or steamed with milk, you can add pieces of fruit, nuts, a little honey. You cannot put sugar, muesli is prohibited.

Barley (5.4), wheat (5.5 XE / 100 g) cereals have a large amount of vegetable fiber, this helps to normalize digestion processes, slows down the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines, and reduces appetite.

Prohibited cereals include rice (XE = 6.17) and semolina (XE = 5.8). Corn grits are considered low-carbohydrate and easily digestible (5.9 XE / 100 g), it prevents a set excess weight and contains useful composition vitamins and minerals.

Alcohol

Alcoholic and low-alcohol drinks are strictly prohibited for diabetics. These products cause a sharp decrease in the level of glycemia, which can lead to a coma, because a person, arriving in a state of alcoholic intoxication, cannot provide himself with timely assistance.

Light and strong beers contain 0.3 XE per 100 g.

It is important for patients with diabetes mellitus to control the amount of carbohydrates consumed, the calorie content of food, therefore, it is necessary to count XE. Violation of the rules of nutrition, non-compliance with the diet can lead to serious consequences. Various complications from the heart, vascular, nervous and digestive systems develop. Hyperglycemia can cause coma, which can lead to disability or death.

GI - the glycemic index of the product- speed with which the carbohydrates contained in it raise blood sugar levels. The maximum GI of glucose = 100%, according to this criterion, all carbohydrates are divided into:

GOOD - with a low GI of up to 50% (recommended for use in type 1 and 2 diabetes)

MEDIUM - average GI 50-70% (can be limited to use with diabetes)

BAD - with a high GI above 70% (not recommended for diabetes)

The GI of a product is affected by:

1. Product form - if the product is crushed, then its digestion will be faster, respectively, and the GI is higher. For example, the juice of 1 apple will raise blood sugar faster than an apple eaten whole

2. The presence of fiber, protein and fat - they slow down the absorption of carbohydrates

3. Cooking method: for example, boiled potatoes have a higher GI than fried ones. DO NOT overcook porridge and pasta, this will artificially inflate their GI

4. Food temperature: for example, frozen desserts have GI LOWER than the same fruits in their usual form.

There is a GI table in which 100% is taken GI of white bread. Be careful. In this table, the GIs of the products are given relative to glucose.

The product's name	Quantity for 1 XE	Glycemic index
A pineapple without peel	100 g
Watermelon without crust, pulp	240 g	average
Orange without peel	145 g
Banana without peel	60 g
Grape edible part	85 g
Cherry with bones edible part	100 g 90 g
Grapefruit without peel	160 g
Pear coreless	130 g
Green peas, raw Canned	145 g 150 g
Melon "Kolkhoz Woman" Without peel	280 g
Melon "Torpedo" without peel	100 g
Blackberry	200 g
Raisins dry	17 g
Boiled potatoes Baked potatoes with peel	72 g	below 50
Mashed potatoes	95 g	75 (average)
will lower GI puree: adding butter and whole milk + manual puree will increase GI puree: no fat + puree with a mixer
French fries	35 g	Average GI (due to fat)
Loose porridge
Buckwheat boiled	50 g
Oatmeal * boiled (viscous)
Millet * boiled (viscous)		60 (average)
White rice boiled	50 g	66-70
Brown rice boiled	50 g
* For more accurate counting XE in cereals, as well as for calculating XE in viscous porridge, you need to weigh raw cereals (or flakes), counting composition of carbohydrates per 100 g (see packaging) DO NOT DIGEST porridge, this artificially inflates their GI
Kiwi without peel	80 g
Strawberry edible part	235 g
Potato starch	15 g	high
Boiled corn (corn without cob) Canned sweet corn	100 g See composition	Above 50
Cornflakes	See composition Average 15 g
Wheat flour pasta	50 g boiled	above 50
Durum wheat pasta	50 g boiled	37-44
Don't overcook the pasta, it artificially inflates its GI
Raspberries	180 g
Mandarin without peel	125 g
Mango	90 g
Carrot raw boiled	180 g 220 g	average
Milk, see composition (4.7 carbohydrates per 100g) skimmed milk whole milk	255 ml	about 32
The GI of skim milk is always HIGHER and raises sugar faster!
Flour	15 g
Popcorn	17 g
Peaches edible part	170 g
Granulated sugar	12 g
Plum edible part	120 g
Red, black and white currants	240 g
BREAD white	20 g
BREAD black ("Darnitskiy") Rye bread, "Riga" and "Aromatic"	25 g see carbohydrates by composition
Persimmon 1 medium - 80 g		high
Chips (potato)	see composition 18-20 g on average
Blueberries (according to data from the Internet: in 100g - 7.6 g of carbohydrates)	155-160 g	short
Apple (the edible portion without the core)	120 g
LOW GI FOOD
Mushrooms (champignons, oyster mushrooms, etc.) raw boiled	3,000 g 2,000 g	short
Brussels sprouts raw boiled	300 g 350 g	short
Cauliflower raw boiled	600 g 640 g	short
Broccoli raw boiled	625 g 650 g	short
White cabbage raw boiled	330 g 380 g	short
Peeled marrow raw stewed	250 g 300 g	short
Cucumbers	1 300 g	short
Olives -	415 g	short
Red, yellow, orange peppers - raw pair	200 g 180 g	short
Green pepper - raw pair	400 g 360 g	short
Tomatoes	650 g	short
Radish (pink)	300 g	short
Leaf salad	3.5 kg	short
Beet	140 g	short
Pumpkin raw boiled	160 g 200 g	short
Green beans raw boiled	280g 370g	short
Raw spinach	1 200 g	short
NUTS
Peeled peanuts	145 g
Unpeeled pistachios edible part	220g 105 g
Greek edible part	150g

It is IMPORTANT to know that PROTEIN foods have an effect on blood sugar. When you consume a LARGE amount of protein (meat, fish, chicken, seeds), as a result of the process of GLUCONEOGENESIS, the blood sugar level rises. Hyperglycemia in this case is always delayed - after 3-4 hours, because digesting protein foods takes longer than digesting carbohydrates. There is a "poker deck rule": a piece of meat the size of a poker deck may not be counted as XE because will not significantly affect blood sugar. Approximately 100 g of boneless meat (chicken, fish) = 1 XE. If we eat a large portion, it is necessary to control blood sugar after 3-4 hours and inject short insulin to decrease it. An extended bolus is set on the pump for a period of 3-4 hours and taking into account the planned amount of protein food.

PRINCIPLES FOR CALCULATING XE:

I... ACCORDING TO THE TABLE. If you have a product that is in the XE table, then you simply divide the weight of a portion of this product by the weight of this product = 1 XE, which is indicated in the table. In this case, we divide the WEIGHT OF THE PORTION BY THE WEIGHT of the product containing 1 XE.

For example:
weighed an apple without a stub 150g, in the table the apple net weight is 120g = 1XE, so we just divide 150 by 120, 150: 120 = 1.25 XE is contained in YOUR apple.
weighed black bread (only not Borodinsky and not Fragrant) 50g, in table 1 XE = 25 g of black bread, so in your piece 50: 25 = 2 XE
weighed the grated carrots 250 g, 180 g of carrots = 1XE, which means in your portion 250: 180 = 1.4 XE.

Do not neglect small portions that do not contain 1 XE, very often when adding these portions, you get 1.5 or more XE, which must be taken into account when calculating the insulin dose. Always count these HE-shki, they increase blood sugar!

II ... IN COMPOSITION. Now about the products that are not in the XE table, or that are in the table, but their composition differs depending on the manufacturer. In this case, you need to look at the amount of CARBOHYDRATES per 100g of product, calculate how many carbohydrates are in a serving, and divide it by 12. In this case, DIVIDE THE AMOUNT OF CARBOHYDRATES in a PORTION by 12.
Take our favorite cracker, for example. Let's say 100g of cracker contains 60g of carbohydrates. You have weighed 20 g. We know that 1 XE is 12 g of carbohydrates.
We consider (60: 100) * 20: 12 (since 1 XE contains 12 g of carbohydrates), it turned out that 20 g of this cracker contains 1 XE.

For example, Activia curd, 100 g contains 15 g of carbohydrates, the weight of the curd is 125 g, and 1 XE contains 12 g of carbohydrates.
We consider (15: 100) * 125: 12 = 1.6 XE. In this case, you CANNOT round XE! you need to count all the XE together, and only then calculate the dose of short insulin for the entire amount of XE. In this example, if you add the same 250 g of grated carrots to the curd, then together with the curd you will get 3 XE, and if they rounded it up - 3.5XE, they would inject extra insulin, and there would be hypoglycemia!

DO NOT CONFUSE the calculation options !!!

we count IN THE TABLE - DIVIDE THE WEIGHT by WEIGHT
we count BY COMPOSITION - DIVIDE CARBOHYDRATES IN a given portion BY 12.

To quickly determine how many grams of a product will contain one bread unit, you need to divide 1200 by the amount of carbohydrates in 100 g of this product. For example, 100 g Goute chips contain 64 g of carbohydrates. 1200: 64 = 19 g in 1 XE.

III ... CALCULATION OF READY MEALS. When you cook at home, you need to add up the carbohydrates that the food ingredients contain. Both calculation options are used here. For example, we make cheese cakes

400 g of cottage cheese (per 100 g 3 g of carbohydrates in composition) = 12 g of carbohydrates = 1 XE
2 eggs - 0 XE
4 tbsp. tablespoons of flour (60 g) = 4XE
3 tbsp. tablespoons of sugar (45 g) = 3 XE
salt to taste

TOTAL: in a curd mass 8 XE
YIELD: 560 g syrniki
We fried, weighed ALL syrniki and divided them into 8XE.
It turns out that 560: 8 = 70 g of cheesecakes = 1 XE, weighed their portion of 200 g, which means that in this portion 200: 70 = 3XE.

When compiling a diet for a diabetic, many factors must be taken into account: from the time of eating, to the characteristics of a particular product.

For ease, some concepts have been introduced to help quickly determine which foods are best to eat and in what quantity.

One such concept is the unit of bread. But since this data is difficult to calculate on your own, numerous tables have been compiled, where the result has already been calculated. The patient only needs to correctly calculate the daily diet. We suggest using a table that will help in the correct formulation of a diet.

What is XE

Bread units, or XE, are a kind of "measuring spoon" with which you can estimate the amount of carbohydrates in food. To simplify, XE indicates how much glucose is in the product. 1 unit of bread equals 12 g of pure glucose. Many people ask the question, what is the difference between the unit of bread and the glycemic index (GI)?

If XE is the glucose content of a food, then GI is a percentage unit that indicates the rate at which glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach.

This index is sometimes referred to as "carbohydrate" or "starchy". The name "bread" was fixed due to the fact that one "brick" weighing 25 g has 1 bread unit. Knowing the bread units allows you not to weigh the food every time.

Letters from our readers

Theme: My grandmother's blood sugar returned to normal!

From whom: Christina ( [email protected])

To: Administration site

Kristina
Moscow city

My grandmother has been suffering from diabetes for a long time (type 2), but recently complications have started to affect her legs and internal organs.

How to calculate XE correctly

Calculation of XE is needed primarily for those receiving insulin, most often these are people with type 1 diabetes. You can calculate the number of bread units yourself, for this you need a scale and a calculator:

1. weigh the raw product on a scale;
2. read on the package or look in the table for the amount of carbohydrates contained in this product per 100 g;
3. multiply the weight of the product by the amount of carbohydrates, then divide by 100;
4. divide the carbohydrate value by 12 for foods with fiber (cereals, baked goods, etc.), by 10 - for foods containing pure sugar (jam, jam, honey);
5. add up the received XE indicators of all products;
6. weigh the finished dish;
7. Divide the total XE by the total weight and multiply by 100.

Such an algorithm will eventually lead to the XE value of the finished dish in 100 g. At first glance, it may seem that the scheme is rather complicated. Let's take an example, let's say you decide to cook charlotte:

• eggs weigh 200 g, carbohydrates 0, XE is equal to zero;
• we take 230 g of sugar, completely consisting of carbohydrates, that is, 100 g of net carbohydrates, XE of sugar in a dish 230 g / 10 = 23;
• flour weighing 180 g, it contains 70 g of carbohydrates, that is, there will be 180 g * 70% = 126 g of carbohydrates in the dish, divide by 12 (see paragraph 4) and we get 10.2 XE in the dish;
• 100 g of apples contain 10 g of carbohydrates, if we take 250 g, then the dish will contain 25 g of carbohydrates, we get the XE apples in the dish equal to 2.1 (divided by 12);
• received only XE in ready dish 23+20,2+2,1=45,3.

If you write down the result in a separate notebook for each calculation, then you will soon be able to create your own table with values. However, it takes a long time. Today there are numerous ready-made tables that do not require constant counting.

Bakery products

Product	1 XE in grams of product
Vanilla bagels	17
Mustard bagels	17
Poppy-seed bagels	18
Butter bagels	20
Puff roll	20
Medium loaf	24
Raisin loaf	23
Bran loaf	23
Sponge cake with strawberries and cream	60
City roll	23
Poppy bun	23
Roll with jam	22
Butter bun	21
Roll with cheese	35
French loaf	24
Potato cheesecake	43
Cheesecake with jam	27
Cheese cheesecake	22
Curd cheesecake	30
Curd cheesecake with raisins	28
Cake	28
French croissant	28
Croissant with jam	23
Walnut croissant	23
Cheese croissant	34
Chocolate croissant	25
Croissant with butter cream	26
Armenian lavash	20
Uzbek lavash	20
Georgian lavash	21
Pea flour	24
Buckwheat flour	21
Corn flour	16
Flaxseed flour	100
Oat flour	18
Wheat flour	17
Rye flour	22
Rice flour	15
Fat-free soy flour	43
Curd biscuits	35
Cherry pie	26
Cabbage pie with meat	38
Cabbage pie with egg	34
Potato pie	40
Potato pie with meat	34
Meat pie	30
Jam pie 21	21
Fish pie	46
Cottage cheese pie	34
Apple pie	32
Pizza with tomatoes, cheese and salami	45
Rye crumpet	32
Puff without filling	23
Puff with boiled condensed milk	22
Raisin puff	20
Poppy puff	23
Curd puff	21
Vanilla crackers	18
Milk rusks	18
Breadcrumbs	18
Wheat crackers	16
Rye crackers	17
Crackers with raisins	18
Poppy crumbs	19
Nut crackers	20
Creamy crackers	16
Vanilla crackers	17
Rusks with glaze	18
Drying poppy seeds	18
Salted dryers	20
Curd cake with cream	38
Borodinsky rye bread	29
Wheat bread	24
Wheat bran bread	27
Rye bread - wheat	26
Yeast-free rye bread	29
Rye custard bread	26
Rye bran bread	26
Borodino bread	23
Buckwheat bread	23
Rye crispbread	22
Rice crispbread	17
Bran crispbread	17

Cereals and pasta

Product	1 XE in grams of product
Crushed yellow peas	24
Crushed green peas	28
Split peas	23
Dry peas	22
Polished peas	25
Pea flour	24
Buckwheat flour	24
Buckwheat	18
Buckwheat groats	18
Buckwheat unground	19
Spaghetti	214
Spaghetti with tomato sauce	75
Boiled pasta	33
Wholemeal pasta, boiled	38
Canneloni baked in cheese	78
Raw dumplings	72
Cheese dumplings cooked	43
Corn dry grain	20
Corn grits	16
Corn flour	17
Cooked noodles	55
Semolina	16
Oat groats	19
Cereals	19
Wheat groats	19
Wheat flour	19
Millet groats	18
Wild rice	19
Long grain rice	17
Round grain rice	15
Brown rice	18
Rice red	19
White beans	43
Red beans	38
Lentils yellow	29
Green lentils	24
Lentils black	22
Pearl barley	18

Ready soups

Product	1 XE in grams of product
Borsch	364
Ukrainian borsch	174
Mushroom broth	-
Mutton broth	-
Beef broth	-
Turkey broth	-
chicken broth	-
Vegetable broth	-
Fish broth	-
Mushroom okroshka (kvass)	400
Meat okroshka (kvass)	197
Meat okroshka (kefir)	261
Vegetable okroshka (kefir)	368
Fish okroshka (kvass)	255
Fish okroshka (kefir)	161
Mushroom pickle	190
Home pickle	174
Chicken pickle	261
Leningrad rassolnik	124
Pickle meat	160
Pickle meat	160
Pickle in Kuban style	152
Pickle fish	-
Pickle with kidneys	245
Pickle with beans	231
Mushroom solyanka	279
Pork solyanka	250
Solyanka meat team	545
Solyanka vegetable	129
Solyanka fish	-
Solyanka with squid	378
Solyanka with shrimps	324
Solyanka with chicken	293
Pea soup	135
Mushroom soup	-
Green pea soup	107
Cauliflower soup	245
Lentil soup	231
Potato soup with pasta	136
Potato soup	182
Onion soup	300
Milk soup with noodles	141
Milk soup with rice	132
Vegetable soup	279
Soup with meatballs	182
Cheese soup	375
Tomato soup	571
Bean soup	120
Sorrel soup	414
Pink salmon ear	261
Carp fish soup	500
Carp ear	293
Canned fish soup	218
Salmon fish soup	480
Salmon fish soup	324
Pike perch ear	375
Trout fish soup	387
Pike ear	203
Finnish ear	214
Ukha Rostov	273
Fish soup	226
Kharcho	240
Beetroot cooler	500
Sauerkraut cabbage soup	750
Fresh cabbage soup	375

Ready second courses

Product	1 XE in grams of product
Fried eggplants	235
Lamb (fried, boiled, stewed)	-
Beef stroganoff	203
Beef steak	-
Beef (fried, boiled, stewed)	-
Buckwheat porridge with milk	49
Beef goulash	364
Goose (fried, boiled, stewed)	-
Roast (mushrooms and chicken)	132
Roast beef	-
Roast chicken	136
Roast pork	-
Turkey (fried, boiled, stewed)	-
Stewed cabbage	245
Fried cabbage	226
Mashed potatoes with milk	102
Fried potato	48
Baked potatoes	75
Beef cutlets	182
Turkey cutlets	138
Chicken cutlets	111
Fish cutlets	110
Pork cutlets	110
Boiled chicken	-
Beef pilaf	59
Lamb pilaf	50
Boiled fish	-
Fish and potatoes	138
Pork (fried, boiled, stewed)	-
Duck (fried, boiled, stewed)	-

Dairy products and eggs

Product	1 XE in grams of product
Yogurt, 0%	154
Yoghurt, fat	85
Kefir, 0%	316
Kefir, fat	300
Oil, 72.5%	-
Cow's milk, 1.5%	255
Cow's milk, 3.2%	255
Sour milk, fat	300
Buttermilk	300
Cream, 10%	300
Curd, 0%	364
Curd, 5%	480
Chicken eggs (raw, boiled, fried)	-

Fruits, berries and vegetables

Product	1 XE in grams of product
Fresh apricot	207
Boiled eggplant	194
Fresh banana	55
Dried banana	15
Boiled broccoli	343
Cherry fresh	106
Fresh pear	116
Fried zucchini	167
Fresh strawberries	160
Fresh lemon	343
Fresh carrots	162
Fresh apples	122

One Day Nutrition for Diabetics

The tables presented above are far from complete. But based on them, it is possible to roughly imagine how much a dish or drink will contain XE.

1 XE increases the concentration of glucose in the blood by 2.77 mmol / l, for the absorption of which 1.4 units are needed. insulin. Average daily rate for diabetics is 18-23 XE, which should be spread over 5-6 meals with 7 XE each.

• for breakfast - 3-4 XE;
• snack - 1 XE;
• lunch - 4-5 XE;
• afternoon tea 2 XE;
• dinner - 3 XE;
• a snack 2-3 hours before bedtime - 1-2 XE.

Sample diet for people with diabetes:

Eating	Composition	The total amount of XE
Breakfast	Oatmeal porridge 3-4 tablespoons - 2 XE; Meat sandwich - 1 XE; Unsweetened coffee - 0 XE	3
Snack	Fresh banana	1,5-2
Dinner	Ukrainian borscht (250 g) - 1.5 XE; Mashed potatoes (150 g) - 1.5 XE; Fish cutlet (100 g) - 1 XE; Unsweetened compote - 0 XE	4
Snack	Apple	1
Dinner	Omelet - 0 XE; Bread (25 g) - 1 XE; Yogurt, fat (glass) - 2 XE.	3
Snack	Pear - 1.5 XE.	1,5

Having a table in which the weight of the product per 1 XE is presented, we measure the weight of a portion of the dish and divide it by the weight from the table. Thus, we get the number of bread units in a particular portion.

When drawing up the menu, you must consult with a specialist. He will be able to say for sure which dishes you can eat specifically for you, and which ones you need to refuse. Remember to take into account nutritional value product and its glycemic index. Be healthy!

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The unit of bread (XE) is a measure used to calculate the amount of carbohydrates in food when making a menu for a diabetic. 1 unit is equal to 10-12 gr. digestible carbohydrates, 25 gr. of bread. One unit gives an increase in glycemia by approximately 1.5-2 mmol / l.

The patient is obliged to keep a record of the consumed foods containing carbohydrates, and remember which carbohydrates are fast enough (sugar, candy), and which slowly (starch, fiber) raise the blood sugar level.

Bakery products

The product's name	The amount of product in 1 XE
White bread or wheat for toast	20 g
Black bread	25 g
Rye bread	25 g
Wholemeal bread with bran	30 g
Rolls	20 g
Rusks	2 pcs
Breadcrumbs	1 tbsp. spoon
Crackers	2 pcs large size (20 gr)
Drying unsweetened	2 pcs
Crispbread	2 pcs
Pita	20 g
Damn thin	1 large size (30 g)
Frozen pancakes with meat / cottage cheese	1 pc (50 gr)
Pancakes	1 pc medium size (30 gr)
Cheesecake	50 g
Gingerbread	40 g
Fine flour	1 tbsp. a spoon with a slide
Wholemeal flour	2 tbsp. heaped spoons
Rye flour	1 tbsp. a spoon with a slide
Whole soy flour	4 tbsp. heaped spoons
Raw dough (yeast)	25 g
Raw dough (puff)	35 g
Dumplings, frozen dumplings	50 g
Dumplings	15 g
Starch (wheat, corn, potato)	15 g

Cereals, pasta, potatoes

The product's name	The amount of product in 1 XE
Any groats (raw)	1 tbsp. a spoon with a slide (15 gr)
Pasta (dry)	4 tbsp. spoons (15 gr)
Pasta (boiled)	50 g
Raw rice	1 tbsp. a spoon with a slide (15 gr)
Boiled rice	50 g
Cereals	2 tbsp. heaped spoons (15 gr)
Bran	50 g
Boiled or baked potatoes	70 g
Jacket potatoes	1 PC. (75 gr)
Fried potato	50 g
Mashed potatoes (on water)	75 g
Mashed potatoes (milk)	75 g
Mashed potatoes (dry powder)	1 tbsp. spoon
Dry potatoes	25 g
Potato fritters	60 g
Potato chips	25 g
Breakfast cereals (cereals, muesli)	4 tbsp. spoons

Dairy products

The product's name	The amount of product in 1 XE
Milk (any fat content)	1 cup (200-250 ml)
Kefir (any fat content)	1 cup (200-250 ml)
Sour milk, Ryazhenka	1 cup (200-250 ml)
Curd mass without additives	100 g
Curd mass with raisins	40 g
Condensed milk	130 ml
Cream (any fat content)	1 cup (200-250 ml)
Natural unsweetened yogurt	1 cup (200-250 ml)
Fruit yoghurt	80-100 gr
Children's glazed curd cakes	35 g
Cheesecake (medium size)	1 PC. (75 gr)
Ice cream (no frosting or waffles)	65 g
Creamy ice cream (with glaze)	50 g

Legumes

Vegetables

Fruits and berries

The product's name	The amount of product in 1 XE
Apricot	120 g
Quince	140 gr (1 piece)
A pineapple	130 g
Orange	170 gr (1 pc. Medium with peel)
Watermelon	270 g (1 small piece with crust)
Banana	90 g (half a large fruit with skin)
Cowberry	140 gr (7 tablespoons)
Elder	170 g
Grape	70 gr (10-12 berries)
Cherry, sweet cherry	90 gr (12-15 berries)
Garnet	180 gr (1 piece)
Grapefruit	170 g (half of the fruit)
Pear	90 gr (1 pc. Medium fruit)
Guava	80 g
Melon	100 g (small piece with crust)
Blackberry	150 g
Strawberry	150 g
Fig	80 g
Kiwi	110 gr (1 pc. Large fruit)
Strawberry	160 gr (10 pieces of large berries)
Cranberry	160 g
Gooseberry	120 gr (1 glass)
Lemon	270 gr (2-3 pcs)
Raspberries	160 g
Mango	80 g
Mandarin (peeled / peeled)	150 g / 120 g (2-3 pieces)
Papaya	140 g
Peach	120 gr (1 pc. Medium fruit with a stone)
Blue plums	90-100 gr (3-4 medium pieces)
Currant	140 g
Feijoa	160 g
Persimmon	70 gr (1 medium fruit)
Blueberry (blueberry)	160 g
Apple	90 gr (1 pc. Medium fruit)

Dried fruits

Nuts

Sweets and sweeteners

Drinks, juices

The product's name	The amount of product in 1 XE
Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, etc.	100 ml (0.5 cups)
Kvass / Kissel / Compote	200-250 ml (1 glass)
Orange juice	100 ml (0.5 cups)
Grape juice	70 ml (0.3 cups)
Cherry juice	90 ml (0.4 cups)
Grapefruit juice	140 ml (1.4 cups)
Pear juice	100 ml (0.5 cups)
Cabbage juice	500 ml (2.5 cups)
Strawberry juice	160 ml (0.7 cups)
Red currant juice	90 ml (0.4 cups)
Gooseberry juice	100 ml (0.5 cups)
Raspberry juice	160 ml (0.7 cups)
Carrot juice	125 ml (2/3 cup)
Cucumber juice	500 ml (2.5 cups)
Beet juice	125 ml (2/3 cup)
Plum Juice	70 ml (0.3 cups)
Tomato juice	300 ml (1.5 cups)
Apple juice	100 ml (0.5 cups)

Ready meals

Bread units at McDonald's, fast food

The product's name	XE quantity
Hamburger, Cheeseburger	2,5
big Mac	3-4
Royal Cheeseburger	2
Royal de luxe	2,2
Mckchiken	3
Chicken McNuggets (6 pcs)	1
French fries (standard portion)	5
French fries (children's portion)	3
Pizza (300 gr)	6
Vegetable salad	0,6
Ice cream with chocolate, strawberries, caramel	3-3,2
Cocktail (standard portion)	5
Hot chocolate (standard portion)	2

Calculation and use of XE

A diabetic patient needs to calculate bread units in order to calculate the correct dosage of insulin. The more carbohydrates are supposed to be consumed, the higher the dosage of the hormone will be. To assimilate 1 eaten XE, you need 1.4 units of short-acting insulin.

But mostly grain units are calculated according to ready-made tables, which is not always convenient, since a person must also consume protein foods, fats, minerals, vitamins, therefore experts advise planning daily calorie intake according to specific gravity the main consumed products: 50 - 60% - carbohydrates, 25-30% - fats, 15-20% - proteins.
A diabetic's body should receive approximately 10-30 XE per day, the exact amount directly depends on age, weight, type of physical activity.

Most of the food containing carbohydrates should be received in the morning, the division of the menu should depend on the insulin therapy plan. In any case, more than 7 XE should not be consumed per meal.

Absorbed carbohydrates should mainly be starches (cereals, bread, vegetables) - 15 XE, fruits and berries should be no more than 2 units. For simple carbohydrates, no more than 1/3 of the total. With a normal blood glucose value between meals, you can eat a product that contains 1 unit.

Glycemic index of foods

With diabetes, it is not only the presence of carbohydrates in a certain product that matters, but also how quickly they are absorbed and enter the bloodstream. The more smoothly the carbohydrate is digested, the less the increase in blood glucose occurs.

GI (glycemic index) - exposure factor various products nutritional value for blood glucose. Products with great glycemic index(sugar, sweets, sugary drinks, jam) should be excluded from your menu. It is allowed to use only 1–2 XE of sweets to relieve hypoglycemia.

In the treatment of diabetes and its complications, it is necessary to focus on teaching the patient the rules of a healthy diet, which will allow maintaining normoglycemia to the level possible in his condition.

If you do not control the blood sugar, then after some time (it all depends on immunity, state internal organs, the rate of metabolic processes, etc.), a highly concentrated non-consumable dose of glucose will be kept in the blood, which will gradually begin to destroy the body. Acting at the cellular level on the tissues of internal organs, it deprives them of the ability to perceive insulin - a transport hormone involved in the process of carbohydrate metabolism.

Thus, when there is an actual surplus of energy (i.e., glucose monosaccharide), the cells experience hunger. A hungry cell is unable to perform its basic functions, and the process of atrophy begins, followed by death.

It is not surprising that most patients suffer not so much from diabetes itself as from its many complications, which can ultimately lead to death.

Therefore, it is imperative to monitor your blood glucose levels!

Some techniques help in this. For example, the method of counting bread units or simpler XE.

Earlier we talked about carbohydrate metabolism as such and emphasized that their consumption is extremely dangerous for the health of a diabetic.

Simply put, 1 unit of bread reflects a certain amount of carbohydrate value of products. By equating carbohydrates to one indicator, it becomes much easier to calculate the safe amount of food consumed.

Thus, 10-15 grams of carbohydrates correspond to a measure of 1 XE.

Since it is quite difficult to thoroughly calculate the amount of carbohydrates in food, this measure is also very conditional. It has a significant error, which, of course, affects the final result, but helps to estimate the approximate energy volume consumed by a diabetic per day. This is quite enough to begin to independently monitor the quantity and quality of food, which can not only bring a feeling of satiety, but also harm if the amount of carbohydrates contained in it exceeds the norm.

In addition, by 1 XE it is easy to calculate glycemia and, accordingly, it is easier to measure the hormonal dosage when it is called insulin-dependent. It turns out that 1 unit increases the blood sugar level by 1.5 - 1.9 mmol / liter, in order to maintain the norm, it is necessary to introduce 1.4 units of insulin for such an amount.

The disadvantage of this technique can also be called the lack of accounting for other elements that make up: proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and other trace elements that make up the total energy value of the product. It would be nice to include the concept of GI in the calculation.

How to count

The easiest way to adapt this measure to the standard behavioral dimension of food.

What does it mean?

Let's calculate the amount of food energy, for example, in bread.

Just 1 slice of bread (white, black, but not rich!) Contains 1 XE. It is generally accepted that it is more beneficial for a diabetic to dry bread, in other words, to eat crackers. So, if you chew on a bread crumb, then the number of bread units will not decrease from this, since only water evaporates from the product during the drying process. Dehydrated bread does not lose carbohydrates.

If we grind a crouton, we get about 1 tablespoon, which contains the same amount of XE.

In 1 tablespoon of flour, starch (this is also a carbohydrate, which is why it is not recommended to eat potatoes) - 1 XE.

Exactly the same number of units are contained in:

• two tablespoons of any cooked cereal
• 1 tablespoon sugar or 3 pieces of refined sugar
• 7 tablespoons of any legumes
• 3 medium to large carrots
• 1 medium-sized potato
• 1 large beet
• half a banana or grapefruit
• 1 apple
• 1 orange
• 1 persimmon
• 1 peach
• 3 tangerines
• 1 slice of melon, watermelon, or pineapple
• 3 plums or apricots

As for drinks, here we take an ordinary faceted glass as a measure and 1 XE is contained in:

• a third of a glass of grape juice
• 1 glass of kvass or beer
• 1/2 cup apple juice and other less sweet fruit juices

It is worth noting that any juice is much less useful for diabetes than raw fruit or vegetables, since it is devoid of the natural component that slows down carbohydrate metabolism - dietary fiber. Fiber slows down the process of food processing, and insoluble in water generally removes some of the substances along with it, thereby cleansing the body, reducing the total calorie content of foods. So it is worth considering this fact in planning your diet!

Unsweetened drinks do not contain carbohydrates, just like meat and fish products. Therefore, it makes no sense to count grain units in them.

With confectionery, things are a little different, because these are just solid carbohydrates! For example, 100 grams of ice cream contains 2 units.

If you want to slow down the absorption of saccharides, then consume them exclusively after the main meal. So the glycemic level will rise somewhat more slowly. Any fat contained in the product also slows down the absorption process. Therefore, ice cream is much better. fruit ice, which has absolutely no benefit for diabetics. But if we are to speak honestly, it would be worth giving up all sweet products altogether.

But what if we bought a finished product in a store. How to calculate the amount of XE in them?

Everything is extremely simple. We read the etiquette that part of it, where the energy value is painted. We look at the carbohydrates contained in 100 grams of the product and remember that 1 unit is equal to 10-15 grams. carbohydrates.

100 g of milk chocolate contains 50 g of carbohydrates, therefore, this amount of sweetness is approximately equal to 5 XE.

As for alcohol, you shouldn't think that it is safe for diabetics, as it contains practically no sugar.

This is a misconception! In 100 grams of any table wine there are 20 grams of carbohydrates, and these are the same 2 XE, in 250 ml of beer - 1 XE (this is 1 glass), in dark beer there are more carbohydrates and the same amount will be equal to 2 XE.

XE rate per day

Normally, a person should consume no more than 30 grain units.

The number of units decreases if he has any metabolic abnormalities, which include:

• obesity,
• diabetes,
• etc.

In addition, this indicator is also influenced by age and physical activity person. The less he moves, the fewer units of bread he should consume.

load type	XE norm in knocks
healthy people without obesity problems and metabolic disorders, who get a lot of physical activity every day, go in for sports professionally	25 - 30
healthy people who get moderate physical activity or lead a non-sedentary lifestyle	20
people under 50, sometimes attending the gym, but having any metabolic abnormalities (body mass index is slightly higher than normal, metabolic syndrome at the initial stage of development without severe obesity)	15
inactive people or over 50 years old with a normal body weight, or with obesity of the 1st degree	14
with diabetes mellitus, obesity II, III degree	10

Bread units table in food

• * - does not contain saccharides, carbohydrates
• 1 XE is considered 10 grams of saccharides

food product	the amount of grams of product in 1 XE
Wine
dessert	50
strong	100
liqueur	35
semi-dessert	100
semi-sweet white, red	200
semi-dry white, red	350
champagne	200
sweet white and red	100
dry white, red	*
other alcoholic and non-alcoholic
cognac	500
vodka	*
liquor	26
Martini Bianco	45
mead	65
light beer (with a share of dry matter in the original wort of 11%)	200
light beer (20%)	100
dark beer (13%)	150
dark beer (20%)	100
sake	250
jelly	50
cocoa with milk	60
which one with condensed milk and sugar	20
cocoa with condensed cream	200
roasted coffee beans	35
coffee with milk	80
black or green coffee without sugar	*
green tea with sugar with or without lemon	140
black tea with sugar with or without lemon	130
green or black tea without sugar	*
tea with milk	120
cranberry kvass	100
bread kvass	200
apple kvass	100
fresh coconut milk	315
milkshake	90
lingonberry juice	100
carbonated drinks on fruit and berry infusions	100
carbonated drinks with citrus infusions	120
sodas on essences like Calla	100
hawk drink	100
lingonberry drink	50
pumpkin drink	100
cranberry drink	100
apple drink	100
rosehip broth	250
sbiten	60
apple punch	45
apple punch	45
Energy drinks
APM with / without sugar	85/1000
Monster	100
Red Bull with sugar and caffeine	100
RockStar	80
Vault Zero Citrus Flavored	75
Juices
tomato	350
citric	250
blackcurrant	140
grapefruit	130
apple	100
tangerine	100
chokeberry	89
cranberry	89
pear	89
cherry	89
quince	89
pineapple	85
apricot	80
orange	80
carrot	80
pomegranate	70
beetroot	70
plum	65
grape	60
rosehip	60
peach	60
Flour products
biscuit	24
waffles	12
biscuits	15
chocolate cupcake	25
Easter cake	23
manna	22
honey cake	16
nut cookies	29
sweet biscuits (like "For coffee") or shortbread	13
oatmeal cookies	15
choux pastry (tube)	20
puff pastry with cream	22
donuts	22
gingerbread	13
Zebra" cake	30
Anthill	23
Prague cake	25
charlotte	33
Sugar products, caramel
meringue	13
hematogen	13
dragee	23
candied raisins	36
marshmallow	12
glazed caramel	11
candy caramel	10
kozinaki	16
candy unglazed	12
unglazed chocolate candies	17
unglazed dairy sweets	12
candy unglazed fondant	14
whipped delight	12
marmalade	12
Bee Honey	12
paste	12
confectionery tiles	20
granulated sugar	10
rafinated sugar	10
powdered sugar	10
sugar syrup	13
sunflower halva	19
Chocolate
hot	90
cocoa powder	100
chocolate glaze	19
powder	15
bitter	20
lactic	19
walnut	19
half-bitter	19
porous milky	19
creamy	18
chocolate paste	17
chocolate cream	25
chocolate sauce	60
Legumes
beans	120
peas grain	20
split peas	20
green peas frozen uncooked	110
dried green peas	115
green fresh peas	110
mung	22
chickpea	17
soy	60
beans	22
green beans	320
lentils	22
Cereals, cereals
wild rice	12
wheat grain	17
buckwheat unground	18
corn	14
semolina	14
oatmeal	17
pearl barley	15
wheat	17
polished millet	15
rice	13
barley	15
corn flakes	13
oat bran	19
wheat bran	60
long grain white rice	13
sago (starch)	14
oatmeal	15
Hercules	16
Porridge
herculean on the water	60
herculean milk	70
buckwheat on the water	60
buckwheat with milk	33
semolina on the water	60
semolina with milk	65
oatmeal on the water	68
oat milk	70
pearl barley on water	45
millet on the water	60
millet with milk	65
rice on water	60
rice on milk	65
barley on water	68
boiled white long grain rice	35
brown long grain rice	45
Milk
mare	180
goat	215
cow 1%	160
cow skim 0.5%	200
melted cow 6%	210
cow 3.2	210
cow 3.5%	210
cow 2.5	210
low-fat condensed with sugar	18
dry whole 25%	25
dry 15%	23
soy	320
Yoghurts, sour cream, cream
1.5%	170
3.2%	290
6%	290
fruit and berry	70
sweet 3.2%	120
sweet 6%	120
tofu yogurt	65
fat-free sour cream	65
sour cream 10%	210
sour cream 15%	270
sour cream 20%	280
sour cream 25%	300
sour cream 30%	320
dry cream	34
Ice cream
dairy with fruits and berries	49
creamy with fruits for years	50
dairy	49
Creme brulee	45
cream	50
chocolate ice cream	50
popsicle	49
Curd and curd products
curd	100
sweet curd mass with vanilla 20%	70
sweet curd mass with raisins 23%	37
glazed curd cakes with vanilla 10.9%	30
glazed curds with vanilla 27.2%	30
low-fat cottage cheese 0.6%	550
soft dietary cottage cheese 4%	330
semi-fat cottage cheese 9%	330
cottage cheese 11%	330
cottage cheese 18%	340
Flour
the highest grade from soft wheat	14
wheat second grade	16
wheat first grade	15
buckwheat	14
dietary rice	13
from wheat germ	30
corn	14
oatmeal	16
peeled rye	16
rye wallpaper	17
seeded rye	15
soybean fat-free	55
soy fat-free	45
soybean semi-fat free	50
barley	18
Pasta
homemade noodles	20
high grade fortified	14
premium dairy	15
from first grade flour	14
from durum wheat	15
soy vermicelli	13
Starch
potato	13
corn	12
Vegetables
pitted olives	50
potato	60
sweet potato	69
Jerusalem artichoke	75
artichokes	95
beet	110
swede	125
kohlrabi cabbage	125
onion	125
broccoli	145
yellow or red carrots	145
hot pepper, chili, raw	145
black radish	145
turnip	155
savoy cabbage	155
eggplant	215
zucchini	215
white cabbage, red cabbage	215
raw sweet peppers, red, green, yellow	215
pumpkin	220
tomatoes	220
squash	220
cauliflower	220
cucumbers	320
Brussels sprouts	320
radish	320
Greens, herbs consider only those containing more than 10 grams of carbohydrates per 100 grams
onions	23
celery root	28
garlic	35
parsley root	95
horseradish root	95
Nuts, seeds
pumpkin seeds	29
cashew	45
pine nut	50
Cherry	60
poppy	70
cocoa liquor	70
peanut	75
almond	85
sunflower seeds	95
Walnut	95
hazelnut	110
Spices
saffron	16
ground ginger	17
Bay leaf	20
turmeric	23
cardamom	25
Fruits
raisin	12
banana	46
grape	68
Garnet	68
persimmon	68
mango	75
apples	85
figs	85
a pineapple	85
plum	100
peach	100
raisins	100
pear	100
quince	100
apricots	115
nectarines	115
papaya	115
pamelo	115
tangerines	135
kiwi	135
Orange	135
grapefruit	150
melon	150
feijoa	150
watermelon	170
lemon	320
avocado	540
candied carrot	14
dates	14
dried raisins grapes	15
dried pear	16
dried apples	17
dried figs	18
dried peach	18
dried plum	18
dried apricots	18
candied fruit	18
dried apricots	20
dried rosehip	20
Berries
juniper	32
rose hip	46
hawthorn	70
mulberry	75
irga	85
cherries	95
Rowan	95
Cherry	95
kazil	100
turn	110
gooseberry	110
barberry	125
cowberry	125
honeysuckle
raspberries	125
currant	125
blueberry	125
cloudberry	140
viburnum	140
blueberry	140
sea ​​buckthorn	170
cranberry	260
blackberry	260
Bread and bakery products
drying simple	14
Ukrainian hearth rye-wheat bread	14
Minsk rye-wheat bread	14
rye-wheat bread	14
crackers	14
butter horns	14
Cherkizovskaya bun	14
Ukrainian rolls with poppy seeds	14
sweet straw	15
crackers	15
simple steering wheels	16
simple bagels	18
rye cakes	18
buns	18
ordinary pastry	19
garlic white bread	19
city ​​rolls	19
sliced ​​loaf	20
shaped wheat bread made of premium flour	20
doctor's bread	21
donuts	22
grain bread	22
garlic black bread	24
hearth bread from wallpaper flour	24
Borodinsky bread	24

Almost all mushrooms are carbohydrate-free. The maximum amount (4 grams per 100 grams) is contained in fresh oysters and shitaki. The rest of the mushrooms contain from 0 to 2 grams of carbohydrates.

In butter or margarine there is from 0 to 1 amount of carbohydrates per 100 g, but in sunflower, vegetable oil there are none at all, since this is one solid fat that is poorly absorbed with impaired lipid metabolism. Therefore, with obesity, it is better not to eat butter products.

The cheeses are also low in carbohydrates from 0 to 4. Perhaps the most carbohydrate of them is "Amber" (100 grams of cheese - 10 grams of carbohydrates).

Of the meat products, only the liver contains some carbohydrates, in beef per 100 grams - 4 grams, in pork - 5 grams.

They are also practically absent in sausages, but there is a lot of fat.

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