In the middle of the 19th century, a railway engineer Valerian Alexandrovich Panaev came here, to the Valdaika station, who was appointed head of the 6th section of the Northern Directorate of the railway under construction. He came with the brothers Hippolytus and Kronides.
In those days, the forests here abounded with game, trout was found in the rivers, a lot of river pearls were caught, so the brothers decided to settle here. Valerian built a house on the Shegrinka River, and Kronid bought from the nobleman Kazin an excellently arranged estate in the neighboring Mikhailovsky.
(By the way, the first owner of the estate - Kazin Dmitry Nilovich - also interesting person... Genus. in 1791, from the nobility. He was educated in the 2nd cadet corps and from 1811 served in the Tauride grenadier regiment. Participated in the battles of Borodino, Krasny and Leipzig; in 1816 he was dismissed for illness. In 1823 he was reckoned with the Cabinet of His Majesty; On January 13, 1829, he was appointed director of a cutting and paper mill; October 10, 1848 appointed a member of the Cabinet; June 7, 1849 - Director of the Chancellery of the Chapter of Orders, Privy Councilor. He died after 1852. Valerian Alexandrovich Panaev mentions him in his memoirs.)
But even before the purchase of the estate "Mikhailovskoe", in the forties of the 19th century, the cousin of the local Panaevs - Ivan Ivanovich Panaev - invited the poet N. A. Nekrasov to this region to hunt, with whom he jointly published the magazine "Sovremennik". The hunt was noble and Nekrasov came here more than once. " I hunted by rail - this road seems to deliberately run through places that are needed only by hunters and no one else"- he wrote to I. S. Turgenev in 1852." In my three trips there, I killed more than a hundred white and gray partridges and wood grouses, not counting hares ..."
Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva (née Bryanskaya), from 1845 to 1863 was the common-law wife of Nekrasov and co-author of some chapters of his novel Three Countries of the World (1848), some of the material for which was collected here, on Valdike. There are assumptions (not reliably confirmed) that here, in Mikhailovsky, in 1855, a son, Ivan, was born to Panaeva and Nekrasov, but soon died. The relationship between Nekrasov and Panaeva was difficult, and their life together was not easy. They then converged, then diverged, and in 1863 there was a final break.
During his visits here, Nekrasov happened to witness the construction of the Nikolaev road. Personal impressions were supplemented by the stories of the Panaevs about the terrible conditions in which the builders of the "pig-iron" lived and worked. And in 1864 the poem "Railroad" appears.
The village of Lykoshino is located on the border of two regions: 35 km north-west of the town of Bologoye in the Tver region and 38 miles from the city of Valdai in the Novgorod region. In the past it was referred to as the settlement of the Valdayka station and belonged to the Novgorod province. Valdaika was one of the largest stations on the Nikolaev railway. Under her, a village grew up, which has preserved to this day the buildings of the middle of the XIX - early XX centuries. In addition to the old stone and wooden houses, railway buildings, the village has its own main attraction - a huge abandoned church in the Russian-Byzantine style. And next to it there are also manor buildings: a wooden main house, a brick outbuilding and a utility yard with a beautiful corner turret. I will tell you about these interesting things in this report.
Let's start with the main attraction of this village - the church, which is located on a low hill and is the dominant feature of the area. The Iverskaya Church is an original work of the Russian-Byzantine style. Differs in a complex construction of volumes and spectacular decor. 
Built according to an exemplary design at the end of the 19th century. It is possible that in 1870, designed by Konstantin Ton. 
The eastern façade is adorned with a huge decorative eight-pointed cross over the entire height of the apse. 
The upper part of the cross is designed as a window opening - an extremely interesting and rare technique for Orthodox churches. 
Few fragments of the facade decor. 
Large double arched windows are a typical technique for Russian-Byzantine architecture. 
The main entrance was located in the vestibule, above which there was a belfry (not preserved).
The entrance was also carried out through a low semicircular ledge (lateral apse) adjacent to the altar part. 
We go inside. Large volumes of pillarless space open before us. 
East side view. As you can see, the interior of the church has been completely lost. 
The altar part with an interesting cross-shaped window. 
Under the pile of crumbling bricks, you can still see the floor covered with mosaic tiles. 
How much painstaking work it took to lay out such a floor. 
What is interesting: among the ordinary bricks in this church, we found a foreign copy - a refractory brick with a stamp.
The "Patent" mark may have belonged to the factory of the Garnkirk Fireclay company, which began operations in 1832 in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The plant was considered one of the largest in Great Britain and, in addition to refractory bricks, produced ornamental vases, urns, tiles, etc. The products were supplied all over the world to France, Germany, Russia, the British colonies in India, the USA and New Zealand. 
Well, let's leave this temple and go to look at the manor, which is located not far from this place. 
The manor buildings are located on the banks of the Valdayka River in a wooded and hilly area. They are an example of an architectural complex of the eclectic period, which combines stone and wooden buildings. 
A complex of buildings was formed mainly in 1875-1900
years. There is a version that the estate belonged to a certain Panaev.
According to other sources, the courtyard of the Valdai Iversky Monastery was located here. 
The existing wooden main house was built in the 1910s on the foundations of the previous burnt down house. The main house is a wooden one-storey building with a mezzanine, sheathed with planks and with a granite plinth. 
On the phalanges there are triple windows with bow-shaped lintels and decorated with frame platbands. 
The corners of the main volume are fixed with narrow bending blades with carvings in the spirit of folk ornament.
Above is a large dormer with a triangular pediment. 
In the center of the facade there is an entrance frame vestibule.
Above the vestibule there is a mezzanine with three windows with a triangular pediment. 
Next to the main house there is a residential wing - a two-storey brick building with plastering on the facades.
The corners and the middle axis of the facade are processed with pilasters in two tiers. 
On the other hand, the southern utility building adjoins the house. It is a one-story brick building. 
A faceted tower adjoins the southeast corner. The tower is crowned with a low tent.
At the base of the tent there are decorative keeled kokoshniks. 
There are still many simple buildings nearby for household needs. 
But they are no longer so interesting to us. Therefore, we leave this small estate buried in greenery ... 
So, the village of Lykoshino. Residential buildings that make up the development of the central part of the village. 
The existing appearance of the building was formed mainly in the 2nd half of the 19th century. 
And in the masonry of this building (early XX century), boulders are widely used. 
Most of the buildings are made of bricks, plastered or whitewashed.
The houses are very close in architecture, characteristic of the classicizing eclecticism. 
Another attraction has survived in Lykoshino - railway buildings built in the mid-19th - early 20th centuries.
One of the large stations of the Nikolaev railway, belonging to the category of the 3rd class, is located in the northeastern part of the village. Initially, the station was called along the river - Valdaika, and by the beginning of the 20th century it received existing name- Lykoshino.
In the middle of the 19th century typical projects two identical water buildings, two similar passenger buildings, an apartment building for workers and a water lifting building were built. Now we will look at them. 
The reservoir building is the most significant structure of the complex, which serves as its dominant.
The side facades of the two-storey volume are marked with porticoes of a large order with Tuscan columns. 
The corners are fixed with massive enveloping pilasters that have preserved the rustication. 
Closer to the river bank, a water-lifting building (pumping station) has been preserved - a building in the forms of classicizing eclecticism. 
The dwelling house for workers is a log building sheathed with planks. On the longitudinal facades it has large projections with exits. 
This is where we finish our inspection of local architectural monuments and again return along the cobblestone pavement. 
We met such a village rich in antiquity in the Tver region. :)
Used the material of the second volume on the Tver region "Code of architectural monuments and monumental art of Russia"
Municipal general education boarding school Lykoshinskaya boarding school of secondary (complete) general education No. 2
Abstract on local history
"Farmsteads in the vicinity of the Lykoshino village and their inhabitants."
Work performed pupil 10 class
Starovoitova Olga .
Supervisor
teacher local history
Boykova Irina Alekseevna .
2009 year .
Work plan:
1. Introduction - 4 pages.
2. Estates in the area of the Lykoshino village and their owners:
2.1.The Sukhoye estate.
Owner Olga Aleksandrovna Krshivitskaya - 11 p.
2.2 The estate "Sopki".
Owner State Counselor Alexander Nikolaevich Lizarh –fon - Koenig - 15 p.
2.3. Manor "Keys".
Owner Mikhail Pavlovich Chekhov - 19 pages
2.4. Estates in Shirokoye:
"Green dacha". Owner Mikhail Dmitrievich Van - Putteren - 26 p.
2.5. Dacha "Borisovo"
Owner, merchant of the first guild Nikolay Efremovich Beltikhin - 30 pages
2.6. Estate "Mikhailovskoe".
Owner Kronid Alexandrovich Panaev - 33 p.
2.7. Manor "Baynevo"
Owner Valerian Alexandrovich Panaev
Estate "Boroventsy"
Owners Sergei and Yuri Diaghilevs - page 37
2.8. Estate "Krasny Bor".
Owner Prince Yuri Obolensky - 39 pages
2.9 Estate "Lukhino"
Owner Arkady Zakharovich Merkel - 41 pages
2.10. Estate "Isaevo"
Owner Ivanov Germogen Ivanovich - 41 pages
2.11. Estate "Abakumovo"
Owners noblemen Solopov - 42 pages
2.12. Estate "Yazykovo - Rozhdestvenskoe".
Owners Nikolay Ilyich Miklukha and Dmitry Vasilievich Stasov - 44 p.
2.13. Estates "Conclusion" and "Smentsovo"
Owner Alexander Sergeevich Khrenov -49 p.
3. Conclusion - 52 pages
4. References - 53 pages.
5. Appendix 1 "Klyuchi Estate"
6. Appendix 2 "Wide"
7. Appendix 3 "Dry"
8. Appendix 4 "Borisovo"
9. Appendix 5 "Mikhailovskoe"
10. Appendix 6 "Bainyovo", "Borovinets"
11. Appendix 7 "Language - Christmas"
12. Appendix 8 "Conclusion"
13. Appendix 9 By the search paths.
1. Introduction.
who now rules here, does everything and everything
decides ...
This memory paralysis sooner or later
turns into petrification of conscience, which becomes
capable of anything ... up to looting "
F. Abramov, A. Chistyakov. "In the spiritual field."
In September 2008, I, together with a group of students from our school, once again went on an excursion to Suvorovsky - Konchansky. As well as the first time, I was pleasantly surprised with what love and care the locals preserve everything associated with the name of the great commander, restore, revive. I love going there. I like the atmosphere of the old manor itself.
As a souvenir, we bought postcards, brochures and the book "Estates of Borovichi District and Their Owners." The author is L. V. Podobed, head of the Borovichi branch of the Novgorod State United Museum - Reserve.
It was this book that became the starting point of my research, as it led me to an idea, or rather to the question: what estates are there in the Bologovsky district and who were their owners? I began to find out, and with chagrin I learned that this material in our region is not systematized, poorly studied. I'm not even talking about the fact that such a book has not yet been published in our country.
So I decided to start collecting information about the estates at least for now in the vicinity of the village of Lykoshino. To my surprise, there were quite a few of them. Here are just a few:
"Keys" - owner Mikhail Chekhov, brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov;
"Landysheva Gora" - owned by General Mikhail Efimovich Grumm - Grzhimailo, brother of the famous traveler, explorer of the Pamirs, Tien Shan, Altai Grigory Efimovich Grumm - Grzhimailo.
Borisovo - merchant Nikolai Efremovich Beltikhin;
"Mikhailovskoye" - headmaster Kronid Alexandrovich Panayev;
Krasny Bor - Prince Yuri Obolensky;
Conclusion and Smentsovo - Alexander Sergeevich Khrenov, St. Petersburg architect, horse breeder;
The estate in the village of Rozhdestvenskoye is connected at once with two well-known surnames of the Stasovs and Miklukho - Maclay;
In the area of the village of Sopki in the 19th - early 20th centuries, there were several estates.
One of them belonged to the State Councilor Alexander Nikolaevich Lizarh-von-Koenig.
Another estate at that time also belonged to Mrs. Chirenkova.
In the immediate vicinity of the Sopki there was an estate owned by Mrs. Aleinikova.
The Sukhoye estate is owned by Olga Aleksandrovna Krshivitskaya, the granddaughter of the outstanding engineer Franz de Vollan.
It is also the estate of the Touraine churchyard. It belonged to the retired Colonel Platon Dmitrievich Kashkarov (Kashkarev), who has owned the estate since 1868.
According to the information of 1911 ("List of populated areas of the Borovichi district of the Pirus volost of the Novgorod province"), the following estates belonged to the Pirus volost: Klyuchki (the farm of OM Kudryavtseva, a mill); Lukhino (the estate of A.Z. Merkel); Sominets (estate of Tokarevsky's heirs); Sorokiny Gory (dacha of Nikolai Ivanovich Grus), Abakumovo (noblemen Solopov) and others.
According to preliminary calculations, of course, I could be wrong, in the Lykoshino area in the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century there were about 20 estates. Only one of them has survived - in the Conclusion, and then bought into private hands and restored for personal needs. Not a single museum! But Russian noble estates are a whole layer of Patriotic history, forever lost.
When I start thinking about old Russia that has sunk into eternity, the same picture appears before my eyes ...
I'm going in a cart. So we passed the stone, solidly built, blackened gates from centuries, and horses are already carrying me along the long, endless edge of a linden alley leading to the facade of a Russian house, so close to the heart with white columns and an old old pediment.
The sun breaks through the linden foliage, and golden spots run along the path and sway as if alive ...
And the imposing, smiling owner is already standing on the terrace and joyfully greets me.
Hugs, triple kisses according to Russian custom and the first question:
Did you have lunch?
This is an idle question, because the owner does not need my answer: the guest will be fed anyway.
The same golden spots are already running along the snow-white tablecloth, and the rich borscht is already smoking in front of me and the owner, and the kulebyaka is puffed up like a feather bed.
And you taste the pickled fungi - homemade. But the fish are from my own pond ... And I can directly boast of kvass: it’s in my nose - my wife cooks it excellently.
The tired sun is quietly hiding behind a linden alley. Softened by the distance, sadly and beautifully, the barely audible song of the mowers can be heard.
Darling, you are falling asleep. Come on, I'll show you your room.
And the lamp is already lit in my room. Tired feet gently step on the thick rugs, and the gaze is drawn to the fresh, cold sheets of the open bed ...
Here's matches, here's a candle, here's a decanter of pear kvass - all of a sudden you want it at night. Yes. Perhaps you would eat something for the night? There are quails, cold sturgeons ... No? Well, the Lord is with you. Sleep yourself.
I am alone in the room ... I go to the bookcase, which is importantly stuck out in the corner with a hundred strong leather book bindings, and I begin to sort through the books. Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Uspensky ...
I read ...
Everything is dozing ... And the noisy bird in the poultry house, and the clumsy, abundantly fed cattle in the barn, and golden bread in the bins - everything is asleep.
Simple, but so necessary for a simple Russian heart, comfort ...
... Where are you now Russian estates ?! Where is the noble estate life?
On the pages of history, literature, in works of art, in old yellowed documents: wills, merchants, revision "fairy tales", reports, free, correspondence, photographs ... And finally, in frozen museum interiors, where things are kept, but there is no living life ...
If even fifty years ago, at least the place where the estate was located could be shown everywhere, now there are no traces left, and for the most part the local population does not know and does not know, and the local population in these places is almost gone.
No, there will be no more that noble, landlord life ...
But the life of the estate was based on love and attention to their place of residence. The owners of the estates often enthusiastically studied everything that surrounded them, including the history of the region, its bowels, flora and fauna.
Perhaps the main feature of Russian estates is their fundamental uniqueness. Each of them was distinguished by its way of life and its own way of managing, bore the imprint of family traditions, its history. By the way, the owners were often co-authors and even the only authors of very original architectural and landscape projects. And the estate was created according to the tastes and designs of the inhabitants.
But with all their diversity, Russian estates had many common features, and, above all, they were all centers of culture, science, and art.
Traditions and the cult of family legends were of particular importance. Due to this, the appearance of the estates has changed very little over time. The spirit of antiquity, the spirit of ancestors with their tastes and preferences always hovered over the inhabitants of the estates. The patriotic spirit in any noble family was, as a rule, very high, and it was brought up in the younger generation primarily on the examples of fathers and grandfathers. And the inhabitants of the estates had someone to be proud of!
The flourishing of the manor culture of our region fell on the 19th century. From the end of the 18th century, representatives of the most brilliant families began to explore the Upper Volga region, the Tver and Novgorod hinterlands. Among the owners of the estates were princes, counts, generals. Those who were richer were built on a grand scale. They invited architects from the capital, brought building stone from far away (not disdaining, however, local limestone and brick, which they quickly learned to make here, since there is enough clay in our area). They laid out regular and landscape parks with cascading ponds and gazebos, planted linden and oak alleys. They built houses - palaces for themselves and separately outbuildings for managers and servants, sometimes even decorating stables with columns in the manner of ancient temples. Churches were also built (as a rule, for the entire parish), whose beauty and originality are not inferior to those in the capital.
Of course, such a scale was the lot of a few. Most of the estates were modestly built, sometimes differing from the houses of wealthy peasants only in size. They were made of wood.
The idea of the eternally idle lifestyle of the owners is far from the truth. And not only because most of the owners of the estate were in the public service. Living in estates, many nobles sought to use their strength and knowledge for economic needs. Some estates became agronomic centers, somewhere they sawed woods, raised thoroughbred horses, and built linen factories. This was seen as fulfilling a patriotic duty.
Science and art occupied a special place in the life of the owners of the estates. There were many talented people among the inhabitants. Noble children not only received a good education, but, and, being brought up among the harmony of the estate, developed interest and attention to the world around them. Poets, philosophers, artists, musicians grew up in the bosom of estates. The manor spirit of the Upper Volga region not only raised talented people, but also attracted natives of other places marked by God's gift. Therefore, our region is associated with so many literary, artistic, artistic names!
Of course, the life of the estate, neither in Tver, nor in Novgorod, nor in any other province, was a continuous idyll. The problems and contradictions of Russian reality could not bypass it. In the archives you can find a lot of information about the cruelty of the landowners, about the oppression of the peasants. But this was not the case everywhere. Still, the nobility was the most educated and cultured class of pre-revolutionary Russia. And therefore, it was the peasants who stood up for the expelled and exiled owners of estates.
The decline of the noble manor culture began at the end of the 19th century, when the importance of public service increased. For many recent landowners, it was the service after the decree of 1861 that became the main source of income. Noble land tenure fell sharply, and the profitability of estates fell. The estates began to be ruined, passed from hand to hand. Some have disappeared altogether.
But the spirit of the noble estate did not disappear. It was the outgoing noble culture that inspired the poets of the Silver Age, composers. And the new owners, to whom the estates were transferred, tried to preserve this spirit, did not allow the estates to disappear, supported them in their former form.
At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, estates were built, in the main, not as economic centers, but as country houses intended for relaxation. At this time, dachas for people of art became a new type of estate.
According to archival data, in 1917-1918 there were 1230 estates within the Tver province. Before - there were two or three times more of them. Anticipating the revolution, feeling their insecurity, many of the owners of the estates left them even before October. Some of the remaining were ready to give everything, others perished during the senseless and barbaric robbery. The famous Lenin's decree on land, according to which the landowners' estates with all their accessories (not excluding archives and libraries) were at the disposal of the volost land committees, actually legalized the barbaric destruction of estates that had begun under the Provisional Government.
What was the first attraction in the estates? Not land, not household equipment, but wealth: antique furniture, dishes, art objects. It was this that was thrown into the wind in the first place. Especially many books and documents from home archives perished.
The well-known museum figure S. D. Yakhontov, who witnessed the devastation of estates, wrote: “... Volos stands on end when you listen to the fact that horses were fed in expensive pianos, they sat down under a cow with expensive vases, pictures of great masters were cut into shreds, rare furniture parts were divided so that everyone would get it, rare books, which had no price, were torn for cigarettes, and valuable archives (papers), according to which history is written, were used to heat the stoves ... "
A terrible cultural catastrophe has not bypassed our places. Studying the history of estates in the vicinity of Lykoshino, I was amazed at their fate and the fate of their owners: Olga Aleksandrovna Krshivitskaya, granddaughter of the outstanding Russian engineer Franz de Vollan, who from 1812 to 1818 was the Chief Director of the Russian Railways, the owner of the Sukhoye estate, died after revolution in the house of a former cook and was buried by compassionate peasants. Yuri Pavlovich Diaghilev, the brother of the famous theatrical figure Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev, the last owner of the Bainyovo and Boroventsy estates, after the revolution lived with his family in a tiny house, worked as a cabman, a janitor, and in the summer the whole family grazed the herd, until they were evicted to Siberia. The exiled Valdai merchant Nikolai Efremovich Beltikhin, the builder of the first school in Lykoshino, also died in Siberia.
It is good if the confiscated manor buildings were not destroyed, but transferred to schools, rest homes, sanatoriums, hospitals. But the new owners did not show proper care for their safety. Buildings were rebuilt, redrawn, lost their appearance. There was not enough money for their maintenance. And they burned, destroyed. And now, out of more than twenty estates that were once cultural centers in the Lykoshino region, one miraculously survived. There are not even the ruins of buildings (except for the house of Prince Obolensky), only the pitiful remnants of parks in some places and overgrown ponds have survived. And there is only hope that at least the memory of them will be preserved. In museum exhibitions, old photographs, stories of old-timers and in our research ...
Search Roads:
The main directions of my research work are:
1. Study of literature on this topic.
I visited the school library, used books from the personal library of I. A. Boykova, from the regional library. I got to know how this topic disclosed in the works of local ethnographers M. A. Ivanov, N. A. Lastochkin, I. V. Bagazhova, V. V. Sychev and others (list of references is attached), essays on local history in the newspaper " New life", Articles in the magazines" Russian province "and" Our heritage ".
2. Study of materials of the school local history museum.
Our school local history museum has existed since 1967.
Over the years, our museum has accumulated material on the history of the village and local enterprises. I looked through many albums (there are more than a hundred of them in the museum), exhibition materials.
3... Study of local history materials on the history of culture of our region aesthetic and local history creative association "Rus".
I am a member of so. "Rus" for several years (from the fifth grade).
In the study - the Museum "Light" for ten years of the existence of the so-called. "Rus" and the search work that has been going on for all these years, local history material on the history and culture of the Bologovskaya land has been accumulated and systematized, including from the history of rural settlements of the Bologovskaya land and estates that once existed in our region.
4. Memories of the watchmen.
These memories are included in the appendix to the work and in the text of the work itself.
5. Use of summer camp materials ,
the route of which took place in the summer of 2008 through the places where the old estates were once located: Conclusion, Garusovo, Shirokoe.
In the summer of 2009, members of the tourist tent camp will visit Krasny Bor, Sopki, Mishnevo, Ostry Kletki, Turny in order to study the history of these settlements.
6. My personal impressions of visiting estates
in Suvorovsky - Kanchansky, Bernovo, Vasilevo, Nikolsky, Raik, Conclusion, Shirokoy.
7. Using materials from the state archives of Tver and Novgorod, provided to me by I. A Boykova .
8. Using materials from Borovichi, Valdai local history museums, factual materials from many years of correspondence between Boykova I.A. and Okulovsk local historian L.E.Brikker.
9. To work on the essay, I used the local history material provided by the teacher of local history of the Berezoryadsk school Lyubov Nikolaevna Soroka.
2. Manors in the area of the Lykoshino village and their inhabitants:
The Sukhoye estate.
Owner Olga Aleksandrovna Krshivitskaya.
The village of Turna.
There are several legends about the origin of the name. Someone suggests that here Peter I kicked the Swedes, who else names some enemies. And everything is very prosaic. "Tournya" is a cliff, in some places overgrown with forest.
The stone Trinity Church, built in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, has survived to this day in Turnakh.
The Church, of course, is not functioning ...
Pokrovskaya
church
1900 year. The village of Turna. Feast of the Iberian Icon of the Mother of God .
And in the cemetery there are the ruins of a wooden Pokrovskaya church built in 1729.
Previously, this place was occupied by a grove of age-old trees that grew over a mound with ancient slabs and stones. Probably, here and earlier there was a cemetery of a monastery that existed here in the XIV-XV centuries. During the production of surface excavations in this place, skulls were found, which were sent to the Anthropological Museum. Arrows of the Neolithic period were found in two places.
Next to the altar part of the stone church is the burial place of the former owner of the Sukhoye estate, which was located in the 19th - early 20th centuries in the immediate vicinity of the village of Turni and the village of Sukhoye Olga Krshivitskaya, the granddaughter of the outstanding Russian engineer Franz de Vollan, who from 1812 to 1818 was the Chief Director of the Railways of Russia. At that time, the activities of the Office of Railways were aimed at the construction of hydraulic structures in the Tver province. The family of Franz de Vollan lived in the Sopkinsky volost of the Valdai district. The estate was located on the shores of Lake Dyvenets.
An excerpt from the book of the Novgorod ethnographer I. V. Anichkov, 1911:
“The Sukhoye estate belongs to the widow of the actual state councilor, Olga Aleksandrovna Krshivitskaya, nee de Vollan. Previously, it belonged to the titular adviser A.A.Kusakov, who in 1832 sold it to the Life Guards of the Grenadier Regiment to Lieutenant Alexander Frantsevich de Vollan, from whom, according to a spiritual will, his daughter, the real owner, inherited it. According to local legend, there used to be a monastery in Turnakh, destroyed by Lithuania; They say that the monks immersed the bells in Lake Dyvenets, which has a wonderful property: there are winters when the water from the lake leaves somewhere, and a funnel forms in that place and ice falls in this place (some lakes of the Novgorod province have this property of periodic disappearance of water) ... Thus, the invasion of Lithuania was timed to the vicinity of the estate.
In 1880, the estate was visited by His Imperial Majesty Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, who came to hunt.
The house in the estate was previously wooden and, just rebuilt, burned down with all the collections and things. The second, brick, two-story, 14 rooms, built in 1837.
There is a library of about 10 thousand volumes owned by the owner's brother, the actual state councilor, GA de Vollan; it contains rare historical publications. The house contains an old portrait of Prince George of Oldenburg, his wife, Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna, granted to the widow of F.P. de Vollan - Maria Yakovlevna de Volan, née de Witt, as well as portraits of de Volan, Ilovaiskys, Krshivitsky and A. F. de Volan, who was married to the daughter of Major General Grigory Dmitrievich Ilovaisky. "
And Olga Aleksandrovna Krshivitskaya was an opera singer, she sang at the Mariinsky Imperial Opera House in St. Petersburg. But fate decreed that the former owner of the Sukhoye estate died after the revolution in the house of the former cook and was buried by compassionate peasants next to her husband
Next to the grave of Olga Alexandrovna Krshivitskaya lie the ashes of her father Alexander Frantsevich de Vollan
(born on 25.08.1807, died
7.04. 1871), residing
in the estate since 1832.
Remains of a tombstone
Alexander Frantsevich
de Vollan.
The researcher of the life of F. de Vollan, Vladimir Mikhailovich Urzhanov, believes that Alexander's brother, Grigory Frantsevich de Vollan, ambassador to Japan and the United States, author of 8 books: In the Land of the Rising Sun, In the Country of Billionaires and Democrats, etc. , holder of 16 orders and medals of Russia, China, Japan and others, who died in 1916 in Yalta, was taken out and also buried at the Turna churchyard.
The once beautiful crypt of this family, built of large blocks of red granite, surrounded by a fence, is currently in a deplorable state: there is no fence, the crypt has been dug, the monument has been overturned. You can still read the inscription on the monument: "The actual state councilor Alexander Faddeevich Krshivitsky was born on April 23, 1842, died on April 26, 1913"
Alexander Faddeevich Krshivitsky was a prominent public figure of the Novgorod province, an inapplicable judge, a vowel of the provincial and district Valdai assembly, a former magistrate for elections. Krshivitsky had ancestral lands in the Valdai district, which passed to him from his mother, nee Anichkova.
Anichkovs- one of the most ancient noble families of Russia - is included in the 6th part of the Russian Heraldry Book and in the so-called Velvet Book.
The Anichkovs were voivods, stewards, solicitors, governors, judges, ambassadors, police officers, leaders of the nobility, provincial secretaries, directors of gymnasiums, actual state councilors, collegiate assessors, court and titular advisers, police chiefs, vice governors, doctors, monitors , artists. There were especially many military among them - sergeants, warrant officers, warrant officers, captains, staff - captains, seconds - majors, captain - police officers, captains, lieutenant colonels, brigadiers, general - majors ...
The geography of their kind is also extensive: Moscow, Petersburg, Vilna, Vladimir, Voronezh, Kazan, Murom, Pskov, Samara, Saratov, Sebezh, Smolensk, Tambov, Ufa, Yaroslavl, Tver, Novgorod, Borovichi, Valdai, Staraya Russa ...
The Anichkov Bridge, and after it the Anichkov Palace in St. Petersburg, are named after Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Osipovich Anichkov, under whose leadership the first bridge across the Fontanka was built in 1725, in the same place as the present one.
The Sukhoye estate was founded near the village of the same name. The name of the village comes from the name of Lake Sukhoye, on the banks of which it was located. Now the village is gone. There is no manor either. And even the crypt was plundered and dug up. It hurts and insults for us ... For these people, whose graves were desecrated ...
The estate "Sopki".
The owner is State Counselor Alexander Nikolaevich Lizarh-von - Koenig.
The name - from the word "hills", "hill", "mountain". And indeed, next to the village - Vaniny mountains,
Knyazeva Gora, Mishkin
shaft and Vaskin shaft ...
Hills - in one word,
The village of Sopki was the center of the Sopkinsky volost of the Valdai district of the Novgorod province in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The Sopkinsky volost included (according to the "List of inhabited places of the Valdai district of the Novgorod province" in 1884):
village Berezka (number of inhabitants -121), village Sukhoye (with her estate) - (number of inhabitants - 108), village Zaozerye (number of inhabitants - 110), village of Ridges (number of inhabitants - 250), Turensky churchyard (number inhabitants - 29), village Mishnevo (number of inhabitants - 211), village Ostrye Klets
(number of inhabitants - 211), v. Gorki (number of inhabitants - 226), v. Plotishno (number of inhabitants - 32), Terekhovo estate (number of inhabitants - 2), v. Edno (number of inhabitants - 279),
village Zakidovo (number of inhabitants -121), village Kobylino (number of inhabitants -180), village Cherny Bor
(number of inhabitants - 80), village Mshentsy (number of inhabitants - 206), village Buldakovo (number of inhabitants - 181), village Lenevo (number of inhabitants - 166). In total - 16 villages, 3 estates, a churchyard.
D. Sopki. Procession.
Start XX century.
In "Materials for the assessment of land in the Novgorod province. Valdai district "(Novgorod, 1890) in the village of Sopki was listed:
In the Alphabet section community land tenure of state peasants, former landowners: village Sopki, owner Konig - 935, 4 dess. (v. Sopki, Sopkinskaya volost)
In the Alphabet section private land tenure of peasants:
Andreev Fedor and Trofim with 4 comrades -80, 9 dess. in Novotroitskaya par. (village of Sopki)
Danilov Alexey - 27, 0 dec. in Novotroitskaya par. (village of Sopki)
Dmitriev Sergey - 12, 5 dec. in Novotroitskaya par. (wastelands Yashino and Kondratovo, or Dalneye Babino)
Dmitriev Sergey and Ivanov Nikolay - 15.0 dess. in Novotroitskaya par. (High wasteland, or Evdokimov)
Dmitriev Sergey with 3 comrades - 20.0 dess. in Novotroitskaya par. (High wasteland, or Evdokimov)
Ivanov Nikolay - 46, 3 dec. in Novotroitskaya par. (empty. Underground)
Ivanov Ivan and Vasiliev Andrey - 42, 6 dec. in Sopkinsky vol. (empty. Tall, Sucking)
Sergeev Demid with 2 comrades - 24.0 dess. in Sopkinsky vol. (empty. Klimatino)
In addition, in the Sopkinsky volost, the lands belonged to:
Treasury - 944.2 dess. (Bainevets wasteland; Kamenka; Goriukha; villages Mishnevo and Kukuy; village Plotishno)
Panayev Kronid Alexandrovich - 104.7 dess. (heathland Podol, Klimatino, Settlement of Petrova Gora, Tureyevo)
Krshivnitskaya Olga Alexandrovna - 3670, 6 (village Sopki)
Koshkarev Platon Dmitrievich - 1890.2 dess. (v. Sopki, v. Gorka and Lineva)
Kenig Alexander and Mikhail Nikolaevich - 2018.9 dec. (v. Sopki, v. Gorka and Lineva)
In 1909, 350 people lived in Sopki (men - 170, women - 180). Yard places occupied by buildings -80. Residential buildings - 68. Occupation of residents - agriculture. A bakery store, 2 small shops, a school.
On the territory of the Lykoshinsky village council there were several schools in the XX century: in the village of Lykoshino, in the village of Porechye, in the village of Sopki, in Khmelevka. The Sopka school is the oldest. Founded by the Ministry of Public Education in 1887.
And this school, the first in our area, is connected with the remarkable Russian writer Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky.
Gleb Ivanovich came to Sopki in 1877. No sooner had the district teacher got off at the Valdayka station than he and his wife, by order of the St. Petersburg mayor, General Trepov, were placed under the strictest supervision.
Collecting material for the essays that made up the cycle "From the Village Diary", Gleb Ivanovich taught village children in his house.
Here are the lines from the "Village Diary": "The view of the village is the most ordinary. Hilly fields descend to a narrow and shallow river, in which, as if in past times, there was "how many fish were passionate about" ...
The banks of the river are here and there covered with bushes, in some places there is swamp and sand, and at the bottom there is thick grass, which, for the most part, is pulled out instead of fish by men who thought to wander (without undressing) raving ... This river is called Slepukha, and the village lying on the other her side is called Blind - Litvino ... "
The writer's brother Ivan Ivanovich argued that the village of Blind - Litvino mentioned in the essays - is Sopki.
In the area of the village of Sopka in the 19th - early 20th centuries there were several estates.
One of them belonged to city of Königu. In 1909, 3 people lived in the estate "Sopki" (men - 1, women - 2). Yard places occupied by buildings -3. Residential buildings - 2. The estate was located on the banks of the Valdayka.
There is a burial at the churchyard of Turny, on the monument of which there was the following inscription: “State Councilor Alexander Nikolaevich Lizarh –fon –Kenig.
Another estate at that time belonged to the town of Chirenkova. In 1909, 4 people lived in the estate (men - 2, women - 2). Yard places occupied by buildings -4. Residential buildings - 3. The owner owned a water flour-grinding mill on the river. Valdayke. According to the recollections of the village watchmen, the first hydroelectric power station was built from this mill in Sopki, which produced electricity during the difficult war years.
In the immediate vicinity of the Sopki there was a small shop owned by Aleinikova... On the territory of this institution there was a residential building, and 3 people lived in it (one man and 2 women). This trading establishment was also located on the banks of the river. Valdayki.
During the years of collectivization, the village of Sopki was organized by the collective farm "Zavet Ilyich". In the 1930s, there were 77 families on the collective farm, which is 245 people. The collective farm had 82 cows and 43 horses. Then, for a number of years, Sopki was a branch of the Vskhody state farm (the central estate is located in the village of Korykhnovo).
Until recently, there was a library in Sopki, and in 2000 there were 156 readers. There was a club. Score. First aid post. Now this is nothing.
At 1.01. 2008 13 permanent households, the number of permanent residents - 24.
Manor "Keys".
Spring 1905. The Chekhov family descends on the platform of the Valdaika station. They are incredibly happy: finally, an old dream came true and they became the owners of a small, but his plot of land - by landowners.
Having loaded their things on the carts that arrived, and themselves, having sat down in the carts waiting for them, moved to their new place of residence.
They liked the estate immediately. And, barely having time to settle down, Mikhail Pavlovich writes to his sister Maria Pavlovna enthusiastic lines: “All around are lovely, affectionate views, the river is murmuring, the grass is tall. The abyss of berries ... Children cannot be driven into rooms ... Our life is cheap, there is a lot of freedom. "
In a letter to Borovichi regional historian A.P. Anosov, Mikhail Pavlovich's son Sergei Mikhailovich reveals the reason for the Chekhov family's resettlement to Valdaika: "In 1905, in order not to spend every summer renting a summer house for his two children, Mikhail Pavlovich bought the Keys estate ..."
They bought the estate from Colonel Neslukhovsky. He never lived on it, but periodically rented it to one, then to the other. The estate consisted of 3.5 acres of land and a two-story wooden house(nine rooms), as well as outbuildings.
The feeling of the fullness of life in the midst of nature, the joy of simple labor on earth - these feelings completely captured Mikhail Pavlovich in "Keys". In a letter dated June 15, he describes the watering of the garden, haymaking, "a glorious Russian summer." And, inviting Marya Pavlovna to come to visit, he adds: “True, after the Crimea it will seem to you, perhaps poorer, but I assure you - in general it is nice. Nothing flashy, everything is so lyrical, levitanical ... Okulovka is 30 miles away from us. "
MP Chekhov, having a university education, worked in the financial department and at the same time was a writer. One of his most famous works is the book Around Chekhov.
Mikhail Pavlovich was born on October 6, 1865 in Taganrog. His character took shape in the struggle against unfavorable living conditions. From a young age he had to work hard, he got used to being independent early on.
In 1885, M.P. Chekhov entered Moscow University, choosing the Faculty of Law. But the example of his older brother, the creative atmosphere that reigned in the Chekhovs' house - all this aroused interest in literature. He began to write, while still a student of the 3rd grade of the gymnasium, and published his poems in the magazine "Light and Shadows". Drawings and puzzles composed by him also appeared here.
While studying at the university, he acted as a contributor to children's magazines, placing a number of essays and stories in the magazines "Children's rest", "Friend of children", "Spring", "Children's reading".
Mikhail Pavlovich was endowed with many talents. For example, he made wonderful sketches of the places where he happened to be and where the Chekhov family lived. His watercolors have survived, depicting a house on Sadovaya - Kudrinskaya, Babkino, Luka, Taganrog, Crimea, Caucasus. A lot of sketches were made at Valdike. He was also a self-taught musician who played the piano. In one of his letters to his brother Alexander, Anton Pavlovich writes: "The bear discovered another talent in himself: he draws excellently on porcelain."
After graduating from the university, M.P. Chekhov joined the Ministry of Finance.
In 1892, Mikhail Pavlovich seeks to be transferred to the service in the city of Serpukhov. At this time, the Chekhov family moved to Melikhovo, Serpukhov district. In his free time from work, he could be there for a long time and spend the summer months almost without a break. At this time he does not leave literary work either. He taught himself English language... He was engaged in translations.
His first serious book was a dictionary for farmers "Zakroma", which summed up the two-year agricultural experience of the Chekhov family, which included a wide range of issues of field cultivation, horticulture, truck farming, and animal husbandry.
In 1894, Mikhail Pavlovich was transferred to the city of Uglich. Here he becomes a director, actor, decorator of an amateur theatrical troupe and writes plays himself. On the basis of common theatrical interests, in 1896 he met Olga Germanovna Vladykina, who served as a governess for a local manufacturer. The wedding took place soon after. In 1898, Mikhail Pavlovich And Olga Germanovna had a daughter, Catherine, a future singer, and in 1901, a son, Sergei, a future artist.
In 1898, Mikhail Pavlovich was appointed head of the department of the Yaroslavl Treasury Chamber (the institution in charge of the finances of the province). Here he became a regular visitor to the theater (the oldest in Russia) and a theater critic. Articles and reviews of MP Chekhov appeared in the local press, then in the capital's magazine "Theater and Art".
In 1901, M.P. Chekhov resigned, left his service in the Ministry of Finance and moved to St. Petersburg. Here he entered the post of head of the book trade on the railways of Suvorin's contractor. It was then that he got the idea of buying a dacha near St. Petersburg, where he could not only rest, but also work. The case was not long in coming. An acquaintance of the Chekhovs, Colonel Neslukhovsky, offered to buy a dacha from him at the station. Valdayk at a reasonable price, which was done.
MP Chekhov used the "Keys" dacha in Shirokoye for 7 years, then sold it to Neslukhovsky again. The reason was that in 1908 the family of M. P. Chekhov began to experience great financial difficulties, caused, most likely, by the costs of publishing the magazine "Golden Childhood" (1907 - 1917). In a letter dated July 20, 1908, Mikhail Pavlovich complains that he was “completely ruined” and asks his sister for help. But Maria Pavlovna's help only postponed parting with the "Keys" ...
Ivan Pavlovich Chekhov, a famous teacher, had a rest with his family several times in "Klyuchi". In Moscow, Ivan Pavlovich was in charge of a number of public schools. He was the organizer, manager and observer of a number of public reading rooms and libraries.
Ivan Pavlovich was born on May 16, 1861 in Taganrog. After the departure of the Chekhov family to Moscow, in 1876, he stayed with his brother Anton in Taganrog and earned a living as bookbinding. In 1877 he moved to Moscow, passed the exam for a parish teacher and was appointed to the city of Voskresensk, Moscow province.
In 1884 I.P. Chekhov transferred to Moscow. Here he was in charge of a number of public schools, in which he taught. He was the organizer and observer of a number of public reading rooms and libraries. He was a member of the welfare of the poor and a board member of the teachers' child welfare society.
Aleksandr Pavlovich Chekhov also visited Klyuchi with pleasure. I came alone and with my family. He also really liked our seats, and he even tries to settle nearby: “There was Sasha. Immediately upon arrival, I decided to settle down next to me and at least take out and give him the land for sale. "
A.P. Chekhov was born on August 10 in Taganrog. In 1875 he graduated from the gymnasium course with a silver medal and in the same year he moved to Moscow, where he entered the University of Physics and Mathematics, which he graduated in 1882.
Aleksandr Pavlovich wrote many short stories, novellas and novels published in various newspapers and magazines: Novoye Vremya, News of the Day, Historical Bulletin. Separate editions under the pseudonym “A. Gray-haired "came out" Christmas stories "," Birds homeless "," Princely diamonds "," Horse "and others.
Known for his works on special issues: "Historical sketches of firefighting in Russia", "Chemical Dictionary of the Photographer" and others. He edited the magazines "Blind", "Fireman", "Bulletin of the Russian Society for the Protection of Animals."
Together with his father, Mikhail Aleksandrovich, son of AP Chekhov, who later became a famous dramatic actor, director, and teacher, came to Valdaika and stayed at the Klyuchi.
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Chekhov (1891 - 1955) was the most talented student of Stanislavsky (“Misha Chekhov is a genius” - words by Konstantin Sergeevich), he entered the stage of the First Studio of the Moscow Art Theater under the direction of Vakhtangov, and then on the Moscow Art Theater stage, rehearsing with Stanislavsky, he created his unique Khlestakov in The Inspector General. Even the best actors of the Art Theater watched Chekhov's play with amazement and some dismay, not understanding how and why a young student instantly gives birth to something that the masters spend months of painstaking work on. In the role of Khlestakov, Mikhail Chekhov admired both Stanislavsky and Meyerhold. With his play, he reconciled and connected different theater schools. M. Chekhov - actor - philosopher, tragedian. In 1928, his book "The Way of the Actor" was published - a creative confession. In the same year, already being the head of the theater, he went abroad and never returned. He knew that a warrant had been signed for his arrest. Even such talented people were repressed. He dreamed of returning to his homeland, but his dreams were not destined to come true ... He could work in Russia, create brilliant performances and roles with his talent. But could not. But he left behind a unique textbook for all actors - the book "On the Technique of the Actor." This book is full of faith in the creative abilities of people, in the theater of the future ...
... Life in "Keys" is reflected in the correspondence between Mikhail Pavlovich and his sister Maria Pavlovna. In one of the letters, he says that Lika Mizinova also came here to stay. Lydia Stakhievna Mizinova (1870 - 1937) was a friend of the Chekhovs, Levitan, worked as a teacher in the gymnasium of L. F. Rzhevskaya, then in the Moscow City Duma. At the gymnasium, she met and then made friends with Maria Pavlovna, the Chekhovs' sister, and then became close to the whole family, especially Anton Pavlovich. They met in Moscow, in the house of Korneev on Sadovaya - Kudrinskaya, which was rented by the Chekhov family, having moved from Taganrog. A 19-year-old female friend was brought in by Masha Chekhova. Anton Pavlovich was 29 at the time.
The beauty Lika became the prototype for Nina Zarechnaya from The Seagull, the heroine of plays and films about Chekhov. She sang beautifully, dreamed of becoming an actress. At one time she even was a member of the troupe of the Moscow Art Theater. The artist Isaac Levitan was in love with her, and Lika, not without coquetry, accepted his courtship. But I was really in love only with Anton Pavlovich, and he was jokingly, “playing around” with the young fan. And she without looking back threw herself into the pool of love, wrote passionate letters. I called with me to the Caucasus, to Switzerland. But Chekhov kept his distance. He was sick. Mortally ill. Anton Pavlovich knew this for sure, as a doctor. And Lika is so young, so pretty ... In 1900 Chekhov marries Olga Knipper, in 1901 Lidia Stakhievna marries the famous director Sanin. And in 1904 Anton Pavlovich dies ...
This death shocked everyone. And, of course, his younger brother Mikhail, with whom he was very friendly. Being under the charm of his older brother, Mikhail strove to help him in any way he could.
Mikhail Pavlovich was a kind of secretary for his brother: he copied Anton Pavlovich's manuscripts, walked around the editorial offices, carried out various business tasks. The writer, translator, editor, Mikhail Pavlovich was always aware of everything that he was doing, what he was thinking about, with whom Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, this great figure of Russian literature, met.
The death of his brother became an irrevocable loss, and Mikhail Pavlovich begins to work on his memories. This work, dedicated to the life and work of Anton Pavlovich, occupies an important place in his work. Mikhail Pavlovich writes in his diary: “I wanted my memoirs to be 'my' memoirs, and not a biography of Anton, and although they have a special place in them for Anton, because my best, most conscious life passed in his society, side by side side with him. "
And she helped Mikhail Pavlovich to create, to create memories of his brother, the beautiful Russian nature of our places, which can only be understood by those who lived and lives here.
Here at the dacha "Klyuchi" Mikhail Pavlovich publishes his memoirs, writes interesting essays about Chekhov's prototypes. With his sister Maria Pavlovna, he publishes a six-volume edition of his brother's letters, writes substantial notes to them.
Life in Keys was filled with literary work. In 1907, already being the owner of the estate, MP Chekhov received a literary prize from the Academy of Sciences (honorary review) for the second edition of Essays and Stories. This was a recognition of his services to Russian literature. Academician A. F. Koni, in his review of the book, noted the realism and psychologism of the works of M. P. Chekhov, the sincerity of his author's intonation: “With vigorous faith in the pure feelings of man, the ability to see in him more than one toy of circumstances, sacrificed to animal nature ... emanates from Chekhov's book.
At the same time, he publishes and edits the illustrated magazine "Golden Childhood". It was one of the popular children's magazines at the time. Mikhail Pavlovich appeared in it as the sole author. For ten years Chekhov has published several hundred of his novellas, short stories and poems in the magazine, signing them with various pseudonyms - S. Vershinin, K. Treplev, M. B-sky, M. Ch., Iris, Grasshopper.
Mikhail Pavlovich made this magazine with enthusiasm, skillfully adding a lot of interesting and entertaining to its content. It was not without reason that contemporaries were surprised at the enormous capacity for work, endurance and ingenuity of Mikhail Pavlovich, who knew how to publish a magazine with the most minimal means.
Mikhail Chekhov was by nature a very kind and sympathetic person. And he tried to educate these qualities in children. Therefore, all the stories that Mikhail Pavlovich posted in the magazine were filled with love for nature, our smaller brothers. This love for plants and animals was the main theme of the Golden Childhood magazine.
And as you noticed, Chekhov wrote stories about nature on our Lykoshinskaya land, drawing inspiration here, walking and working in the country, bathing in Valdaika. Our landscapes play a significant role in the writer's work.
Only one thing bothered him: very often he had to travel to St. Petersburg on publishing affairs: "In general, we live gloriously, just not to go to St. Petersburg for three days every week." And he really missed his family there in the city: "It's boring to be alone in the whole empty apartment." Thank God that at least it was convenient to get there by rail from Valdayka to St. Petersburg.
In 1910, a collection of short stories and novellas by M. P. Chekhov "Svirel" was published. It includes works written in the "Keys". Their main theme is the unsettled life of people in conditions of social lawlessness and lawlessness ("Anyuta", "Sister", "Empty Chance", "On a Barge").
Living on Valdike until 1912, Mikhail Pavlovich did not serve anywhere. He gets into debt. “I was completely ruined. Third year without a seat. Everything has been lived through. You cannot sell the estate right away, it is pledged ... I understand now Anton, when he did not serve anywhere and did not receive a salary from anywhere, making his way in the first years of his activity ... "
“We will live in the“ Keys ”for the last week. The last one - and forever. The bill of sale has been appointed for the twentieth of October, and we are no longer landowners ... ”These are lines from a letter dated August 20, 1911. Mikhail Pavlovich will forever say goodbye to our places - places free and beautiful.
In Soviet times, in the twenties, M.P. Chekhov again began to appear as a children's writer (under the pseudonym K. Treplev and S. Vershinin), but mainly during these years he worked as a translator.
In 1926, due to illness, M.P. Chekhov settled in Yalta and lived in the house - the museum of A.P. Chekhov. Here he writes the play "Duel" based on the story of AP Chekhov and the screenplay "The Petrashevsky Affair", studies the Italian language. In Yalta, on November 14, 1936, he died.
I recall the words of the writer K. G. Paustovsky about people like Mikhail Pavlovich Chekhov: “There are people without whom literature cannot exist, although they themselves write a little, or even do not write at all ... It does not matter whether they are a lot or a little wrote. It is important that they lived, and around them the literary life of their time was in full swing, and the whole history of their time, the whole life of the country was refracted in their activities. "
... Anton Pavlovich Chekhov has never been to our area, but in one of his works he touched on the Novgorod theme.
The writer has travel notes "Sakhalin Island". Anton Pavlovich really was on Sakhalin in 1890. And there he met the convict Yegor, who told him the story of how he got to the island. Egor in his story mentions our land, including Parakhino, which is located in the Okulovsky district. And the convict's story is replete with local Novgorod words, apparently Chekhov tried to more accurately record the story of this man. It is a pity that there is no surname of this convict in the notes, otherwise it would be possible to find the descendants of this unknown Yegor.
Among the acquaintances of Anton Pavlovich was the Borovichi landowner Alexander Ivanovich Anichkov, the owner of the Zalizenia estate.
Alexander Ivanovich graduated from the university and the conservatory, knew and was fluent in all European languages and was widely educated in the field of humanitarian.
His friend, the artist Braz, often visited Zalizenia and discovered the ability to draw in Alexander Ivanovich, began to teach him how to use a brush and made Alexander Ivanovich quite a tolerable artist.
Osip Emmanuilovich Braz (1872 - 1936) - Russian painter and graphic artist. He studied at the drawing school and the Academy of Arts, class of I. Repin. Participant of exhibitions "The World of Art", "36 Artists" and others. Braz is the author of the famous portrait of A.P. Chekhov. In the post-revolutionary years he worked at the Hermitage, then was exiled to Novgorod. In the late 1920s, he left Russia forever.
The famous P.M. Tretyakov, who laid the foundation for the famous Tretyakov Gallery, in March 1897 ordered a portrait of A.P. Chekhov to the artist OE Braz.
On March 16/28, 1898, Chekhov wrote to his sister Maria Pavlovna from Nice: “Braz arrived the day before yesterday. With him is his friend, the Borovichi landowner Anichkov. Both stopped at the Russian boarding house. At first, Braz wanted to paint a portrait in the air, but it turned out to be inconvenient: he had to find a workshop ... ”By that time, Chekhov knew about Anichkov from his correspondence with Braz. And later he handed over a package of medicines for him.
Thus, our region is connected with the famous Chekhov family.
What is the fate of the "Klyuchi" dacha?
In 1917, this dacha, like the others, was nationalized. Subsequently, the house was dismantled and transported to the Lykoshino station in order to equip a knitting workshop in it. And later the house burned down.
Estates in Shirokoye:
Sorokiny Mountains. Owner Nikolay Ivanovich Gruss.
"Landysheva Mountain". The owner is Mikhail Efimovich Grumm - Grzhimailo.
"Green dacha". The owner is Mikhail Dmitrievich Van - Putteren.
Not far from the village. Lykoshino, only 4 kilometers away is the Shirokoe town. The places are picturesque, spacious, wide. Hence the name: "wide" - spacious in the transverse dimension; for traveling.
Before the revolution there were four dachas here. They are located on the right side of the road that leads from Lykoshino to Valdai.
The yellow dacha belonged to the doctor Nikolai Ivanovich Gruss from St. Petersburg.
After settling in, he immediately built a small house next to the dacha, in which he opened an outpatient clinic. On Sundays, N.I. Gruss received sick peasants from the surrounding villages. Moreover, he did not take money from anyone. So just imagine how many people were lining up each time to see the capital's doctor, because the nearest zemstvo hospitals were about forty or fifty versts away. One nuisance - the tsarist government clearly did not like this charity.
The estate of N. Gruss (Grus) was called Sorokiny Gory.
The Golubaya Dacha (the Landysheva Gora estate) belonged to General Mikhail Efimovich Grumm - Grzhimailo (Grum-Grzhimailo).
His brother has also been here more than once. The famous traveler Grigory Efimovich Grumm - Grzhimailo, who made many interesting discoveries. Researcher of Central and Central Asia, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, G. Ye. Grumm - Grzhimailo traveled to Altai, Pamir, Tien Shan, Western Mongolia. Based on the research results, he wrote many interesting works.
And Mikhail Efimovich himself was a big star. One thing is that when he taught at the cadet school, Arseniev himself taught. Someone who made many discoveries in the Far East and wrote an interesting book about his travel "Dersu Uzala".
The green dacha belonged to a doctor from St. Petersburg, Mikhail Dmitrievich von Putteren.
Like Nikolai Ivanovich Gruss, Mikhail Dmitrievich spent a lot of time in the constructed outpatient clinic, where he treated local residents. But the main mistress at the Green Dacha was his wife - Maria Alexandrovna Mikhailenko, the permanent soloist of the Imperial Mariinsky Opera House. The singer's creative biography was brilliant: more than forty parts of the most varied repertoire. And she sang in tandem with Fyodor Ivanovich Chaliapin himself, with Leonid Vasilyevich Sobinov, with F. Stravinsky, who had a wonderful voice and was a good opera singer. And how many trips were during this time! Bulgaria, Germany, Serbia, Japan. The largest opera houses in Russia applauded the singer. And Glazunov even dedicated the drinking song "Amber Cup" and the duet "Eh you song" to her. Maria Aleksandrovna has recorded 340 works on gramophone records at the most famous gramophone companies - "Pate", "Columbia", "Grammaphone".
The fourth dacha was owned by Colonel Neslukhovsky. It was this dacha that was bought in 1905 by Mikhail Pavlovich Chekhov, the brother of A.P. Chekhov.
After the revolution, a rest house for scientific workers was located in the buildings of the nationalized dachas. Under him there was a subsidiary farm. And what avenue of roses led to the buildings! Flowerbeds, sea of flowers! A dance floor, swings, boating on Valdike ... People still remember this rest house. The teachers of our school told how, as children, they bought chocolates in a stall equipped with a large mushroom.
What a pity that the holiday home no longer exists ...
During the Great Patriotic War in "Shirokoye" there was a hospital. During the Great Patriotic War, several of them were replaced. The first had the number 3370. Logunov was the boss. After the war, and during the war, the wounded residents of Bologov were treated. Then this hospital moved to Valdai. And here came another one under No. 3190 (chief Stolyarov). Mainly lightly wounded soldiers were being healed. The doctor was Gustarova. Around this time, 700 people were receiving treatment. There were not enough premises. They built a barrack (after the war there was a club).
At one time, the hospital contained two captured German pilots.
The hospital was in operation until 1945. Since that time, a military burial has remained in the forest.
After the war, the rest house opened its doors again in Shirokoye. New two-storey buildings were built.
Now there are no traces left on the site of the holiday home, except for the foundations of some buildings, but they will soon be violently overgrown with weeds ...
In 2004, there were 42 people and 9 summer residents in the village of Shirokoye. The number of permanent farms is 21.
At 1.01. 2008 36 people live. The number of permanent farms is 19. The village is gradually dying ...
Dacha "Borisovo"
The owner is Nikolai Efremovich Beltikhin, a merchant of the first guild.
The village of Kuznetsovo is located 1.5 kilometers from the Valdayka station on a hill.
The origin of the name: from the male personal name Blacksmith - "who forges at the forge, is engaged in blacksmithing."
For a long time there was a smithy in the village. Its remains have survived. In Soviet times, the smithy belonged to the collective farm "6th Congress of Soviets", which united during the period of enlargement of farms with the collective farms "Veliky", "1st Lykoshinsky", "Krasny Bor", "6th Congress of Soviets" (1950) ... The ruins of a stockyard, where calves were raised until recently, have also been preserved. There were two stables behind the village.
Nearby is the old forest lake Borisovka, once large, now almost overgrown. There are swamps all around.
The village stands on a hill. From here, the entire area is visible. There are not many houses, but each house has a garden. And every year apple and plum trees are abundant here.
It was part of the Borovichi district of the Pirus volost. In the "List of populated areas of the Borovichi district of the Novgorod province" (1885) in the village of Kuznetsovo there were 35 peasant households, the number of buildings: 55 in total, including 35 residential ones. According to the family lists of 1879, only 168 people lived in the village (79 - male and 89 female). According to the parish information of the same year: number of inhabitants: m. - 77, f. - 93, including children: up to 8 years old -19, from 8 to 13 - 20, from 13 to 18 - 12, middle age (18 - 60 years old): m. - 50, f. - 59; over 60 years old: m. - 7, f. - 3. Amount of land: allotted: convenient - 388 dessiatines, inconvenient: 33 dessiatines. Purchased - 9 acres.
In the "List of inhabited places in the Borovichi district of the Novgorod province" (1911) it is recorded that the lands in the village of Kuznetsovo belonged to the Kuznetsovsky society. There were 37 courtyards, 88 residential buildings. 211 people lived (m. - 104, f. - 107). The distance to the district town is 40 versts, to the railway station and school - 2 versts. The main occupation of the inhabitants is agriculture. Some of the residents served as cabs. There was a chapel in the village. The residents used the spring water, because rivers and lakes, convenient for water intake, no.
In 2004 there were 23 permanent farms in the village. The population was 38 people.
In 2008, 19 permanent farms were registered in Kuznetsov, 23 people live. V summer period many summer residents. There are no institutions in the village.
Outside the village of Kuznetsovo there was once the village of Cherny Bor (Chernye Bory). At the beginning of the 20th century, more than 80 people lived in it.
Not far from the village was the dacha "Borisovo" (after the name of the lake), which belonged to the merchant of the 1st guild, N. Ye. Beltikhin. A pond was dug near the dacha.
The family of merchants Beltikhin was the richest and most famous at the Valdaika station and in the vicinity. They owned several houses, had a dacha "Borisovo" and a farm in the village of Kuznetsovo, a dacha in the village of Porozhki. We were also engaged in bell foundry production. In the museum of bells of the city of Valdai there is a bell on which the inscription “Art. Valdayka Nikolaevskaya railway village Beltikhin ". There is a similar inscription on other bells, which are kept in private collections. The Beltikhins were associated with trade partnerships with the famous bell-makers of the city of Valdai, the Usachevs. The Usachevs had a large factory in Valdai, but there was no sale of goods, firstly, in this small town there were two more factories where voiced goods were cast, Secondly, the railway passed by and it was not easy to sell the goods. It was here that the friendship with the merchant Beltikhin, who had a shop right in the center of the village, came in handy for Usachev.
There was a bakery next to the house, and not far from a dairy plant owned by Nikolai Efremovich Beltikhin. Opposite the house was a gazebo surrounded by trees. The gazebo was glazed with multi-colored glass that shimmered in the sun. And this, according to the oldest inhabitants of the village, was very beautiful. Near the gazebo, Nikolai Efremovich built a fire station and kept a fire brigade at the station with his own money. By the way, until recently, a fire bell hung in the center of our village, on which the "Beltikhin" was cast. Now the bell is gone, it has disappeared somewhere, they say that the head of the village council gave it to friends. There is no fire bell, there is no fire building now, in last years a modern entrepreneur equipped a bar in it and the building burned down from careless handling of fire.
And there is a burnt skeleton of the former fire for our edification.
The name of Nikolai Efremovich is known to every resident of the village, because he built the first building of the school and was its trustee, for which he was awarded a gold medal to be worn around his neck.
But, unfortunately, charity did not help the Bneltikhin family, and even the fact that they voluntarily transferred all their houses and property to Soviet power did not save them from repression. Nikolai Efremovich and his wife were exiled to Siberia, where he died in 1931. His grandson and great-grandchildren know almost nothing about their life in exile.
But there is the Beltikhin's house in the center of the village, now it houses the post office. So far, the building of the parish school has survived (for a long time it housed a hospital, then a nursing home), now it has been transferred to the Iberian Church. And the descendants of the merchant Beltikhin are still alive.
Estate "Mikhailovskoe".
The owner is Kronid Alexandrovich Panaev.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the estate of the landowner Kozin was located in Mikhailovskoye.
In the middle of the 19th century, railway engineer Valerian Alexandrovich Panaev was appointed head of the 6th section of the Northern Directorate of the railway under construction. He came to Valdaika with brothers Ippolit and Kronid. In those days, the forests here abounded with game, trout was found in the rivers, a lot of river pearls were caught, this could not but influence the decision of the brothers to settle in these places. Valerian built a house on the Shegrinka River, and Kronid bought an excellently arranged estate from the landowner Kozin in 1887.
On the territory of the estate there was a two-story house, around it there was a park, opposite the manor house there were ponds in which swans swam. There were many flowers, the park was decorated with shady alleys. The Panaevs kept a solid household. The cereal plant employed up to 40 workers, and processed 18 thousand quarters of grain for 30 thousand rubles a year. This grain was sent to St. Petersburg, to the Valdai, Demyansk, Borovichi districts. The Panaevs had two water mills: one on the Valdayka River, the other on the river. Zvanka. In 1911, a chapel was built in Mikhailovsky.
At the time of the Panayevs, 116 people lived in the village and there were 24 residential buildings.
The Panaevs also owned land in the Lykoshino settlement. On the lands of Kronid Alexandrovich at the end of the 19th, according to the project of Konstantin Andreevich Ton, the temple of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, a house for a priest, and a parish school were built.
The "List of inhabited places of the Novgorod province" for 1911 lists: the village of Mikhailovskoye (38 residential buildings, 199 residents, a chapel, a grain store, a small shop adjacent to the Mikhailovskoye estate), a manor belonging to the heirs of Panayev (5 residential buildings, 17 residents ), Mikhailovskiy roller gritty plant of Panaev's heirs on the r. Valdayka.
In the forties of the last century, N.A.Nekrasov's acquaintance with our land began. At this time he was friends with the Panaev brothers, one of whom, namely Ivan Ivanovich Panaev, became his co-editor for the Sovremennik magazine. A well-known and talented prose writer and poet, satirist, an outstanding feuilletonist, pamphleteer and critic, an employee of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine, Ivan Ivanovich devoted 30 years to literary work. He was constantly in the midst of the writers' environment and was close and friendly with many writers: Turgenev, Aksakov, Belinsky, Nekrasov. Ivan Ivanovich brought Nekrasov closer to his cousins, railway engineers, Valerian and Ippolit Panaev, as well as Kronid Alexandrovich Panaev, the headquarters of the captain of the local county assembly, who had an estate in the village of Mikhailovskoye. The brothers often invited the poet to their estates. After resting on arrival for a day or two, everyone went hunting in the most remote corners of the Novgorod region. From here, from Mikhailovsky, he wrote to A.A.Butkevich, K.A. and F.A.Nekrasov in Aleshunino on October 5, Thursday (1861, Petersburg ) “Dear brothers and sisters. On Monday I returned from a successful hunt - in two days the four of us killed 166 hares, besides other game. Plautin (the husband of N. P. Ogaryov's sister, Colonel S. F. Plautin) killed 42, Abaza - 40, Zhodomirsky - 36, I - 48. I bring this score in order to boast that I shot everyone. In fact, I beat the unfortunate beast recklessly, especially on the first day, I killed 32 hares. This happened near the Valdaika station, where the abyss of this beast ... "
Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva (nee Bryanskaya), who from 1845 to 1863 was the common-law wife of Nekrasov, also came to Mikhailovskoye. Together they wrote the great novel Three Countries of the World (1848). There were two signatures under it: N. Nekrasov and N. Stanitsky (N. Stanitsky is the pseudonym of A. Ya. Panaeva). Some of the material for this piece was collected here at Valdike. The novel presents the Valdai nature, the life of peasants and pilots. Working on the novel, the authors used their impressions of their stay on the Msta River and special literature about navigation on it.
There is information that in Mikhailovsky in 1855, a son, Ivan, was born to Panaeva and Nekrasov. In a letter to I. S. Turgenev on April 19, 1855, Nekrasov writes: “Having said goodbye to you, I left - and soon they let me know that the poor boy was bad. I went back. I was in the middle of the road at the Panaevs, then I was in St. Petersburg. The poor boy is dead. It happened in Mikhailovsky. " The relationship between Nekrasov and Panaeva was difficult, and their life together was not easy. They converged and diverged. In 1863, there was a final break.
Okulovka, Valdayka, Borovichi - these are the places of Nekrasov's hunting "walks". “I hunted on the railway - this road seemed to deliberately run through places that are needed only by hunters and no one else” - he wrote to IS Turgenev in 1852. "In my three trips there I killed more than a hundred white and gray partridges and wood grouses, not counting hares ..."
Visiting many villages, he saw with bitterness how difficult it was for a peasant to live. He happened to witness the construction of the Nikolaev road. Personal impressions were supplemented by the stories of the Panaevs about the terrible conditions in which the builders of the "pig-iron" lived and worked. And in 1864 the poem "Railroad" appears.
Wandering with a gun to the surrounding places of Mikhailovsky, Nikolai Alekseevich communicated with the people, witnessed peasant holidays, gatherings, went to village fairs, weddings and funerals, met many people, observed their manners and customs. Then he transferred his observations to paper.
After the October Revolution, the Panaevs' manor house was ravaged.
But people remember him well, as do the owners of the manor house. Lives in Mikhailovsky Nina Vladimirovna Chuprina (nee Kuznetsova), the mother and grandmother of this woman served with the Panayevs, worked in his fields and on the estate. Nina Vladimirovna's grandmother, Elizaveta remembered even the arrival of Nekrasov with friends to the estate and told her granddaughter about it. She also said that the master was kind, he gathered the children in the neighborhood, treated them to sweets, gave money. And the guys also took part in the corral of hares for hunting. The children were interested, merrily, they walked in a gang along the forest paths from the village of Khmelevka to Mikhailovsky, shouted, took rattles with them to drive the rabbits to Mikhailovsky.
Now LIU-3 is located in the village of Mikhailovskoye. The official date of the colony opening is 1925, but this date still needs to be clarified.
The first colonists worked in felling, transported logs on bulls and horses - heavy trucks, and grew vegetables in a subsidiary farm. All prisoners lived behind barbed wire, but could move freely around the village. At that time, traces of Panaev's manor house were still preserved. Wonderful ponds, blue spruces, silvery poplars. The manor's flower beds, full of fragrant flowers, were also kept in order. Mirror carps were found in the ponds. The ponds were connected by canals in such a way that a boat could sail along them to the Valdayka River.
In 1951, a correctional labor house in the village of Mikhailovskoye was transformed into an institution for tuberculosis patients.
In 1987, the institution became the Interregional Tuberculosis Hospital.
In 1990 he received the status of a correctional labor colony for keeping patients with tuberculosis. In 2000, the institution received the name LIU -3.
In the 30s in the village of Mikhailovskoye, the collective farm "Path to Victory" was organized. Then the collective farm included 9 families, this is 57 people. 14 cows and 9 horses were socialized.
At the 1st correctional labor colony, the state farm "Mikhailovskoye" was organized.
The village is located 2 kilometers from the administrative center of the Valdai settlement.
In 2004, just over 300 people lived in Mikhailovsky. Currently - about 250. The number of permanent farms - 110.
Currently, there are no institutions in the village, except for LIU-3, a shop, a library, a club. Streets of the village of Mikhailovskoe: Yuzhnaya, Novikova, Tsvetochnaya, Parkovaya. Parkovaya Street is located on the territory of a park belonging to the Panaevs' estate. In the place where the manor house was located there are only traces of the foundation.
Manor "Baynevo" .
Manor "Boroventsy".
Mid-19th century. Construction of the Nikolaev railway. Valerian Aleksandrovich Panaev, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Corps of Railway Engineers, is appointed head of the Valdaykovsky section of the track. He is young, not yet married. Together with him, brothers come to the construction: Ippolit and Kronid. Hippolyte settled with Valerian in the village of Kuznetsovo on the Shegrinka River, and Kronid acquired an estate in the village of Mikhailovskoye.
Soon the young engineer meets on his way a beautiful girl from the most ancient Russian family - Sofya Melgunova and the young people get married at the Valdayka station in a military field church. After the wedding, the Bainyovo estate was transferred from the wife's parents, which is located 20 kilometers from the Valdayka station towards the city of Valdai. This estate has become a happy place for lovers. Here they had three daughters: Elena, Alexandra and Valentina. Alexandra will become a famous opera singer, a student of Polina Viardot, Valentina will die very young after the birth of her son and will be buried on the territory of the Valdai Monastery in the tomb of the Panayevs. And Elena will marry Pavel Petrovich Diaghilev. Elena will become the second wife of Pavel Petrovich. The first wife, Evgenia Nikolaevna Evreinova, died two months after the birth of her son Seryozha. When Elena Valerianovna married Diaghilev, Seryozha was two years old. He was sincerely attached to his stepmother, carried through his whole life the warmest attitude towards her. And being a famous theatrical figure, impresario, spending a lot of time at work in foreign countries, wrote her warm sincere letters. Elena Valerianovna answered him in kind.
When Pavel Petrovich married Elena Valerianovna, he often began to visit the estate of Bainyovo's father-in-law. At the same time, he built his own estate Boroventsy not far away on the shores of Lake Borovinets, where he organized a weaving production.
From the first days, Seryozha's nanny was the former courtyard girl of the Evreinovs - Avdotya Alexandrovna. She was inseparably with Sergei for 30 years.
Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev had two younger brothers.
Valentin Pavlovich Diaghilev (1875 - 1929) - graduate of the Academy of the General Staff, professor, master of military history, major general - will be martyred in the Solovetsky camps (in the same year S.P. Diaghilev's life will end). He will be posthumously rehabilitated in 1989.
Yuri Pavlovich, born May 13, 1878, will become a military man. He studied at the Alexander Cadet Corps, then at the Nikolaev Cavalry School. He served in the Life Guards Cossack Regiment. Participated in hostilities on the fronts of the First World War. Having retired, Yuri Pavlovich will settle in the Panaevs' estate - Bainyovo. He will also become the last owner of the Borovenets estate.
In the 1980s, the director of the Okulovsk central library, Ivanova Lidia Vasilievna, said that Sergei Pavlovich repeatedly visited Yuri Pavlovich Diaghilev in his estate Borovenets on the shore of the lake of the same name. During such visits, he liked to organize evenings of Russian folk songs, for which vociferous singers were invited from the surrounding villages. The mother of Lydia Vasilievna, who lived in the village of Malaya Krestovaya, near Uglovka, also took part in such evenings.
From Maria Petrovna Glazer (1920 - 1003), who lived as a child at a mill in the town of Brod, which was not far from the Boroventsy estate, Okulov local historian Leonard Eduardovich Brikker wrote down memories of the Diaghilevs: “I remember the Diaghilevs already in Soviet times, in the late 1920s years. The estate, land and linen factory had already been taken away from them. They lived in a tiny house in Novaya Derevne near Novotroitsy and with. Dinner. Yuri Pavlovich's wife was called Tatyana Andreevna. She looked about forty years old, was chubby. They had a son, Dima, about 17 years old, a very intelligent boy who was considered a fool in the village. After the expropriation, they had quite a lot of furniture left, and they sold it - and that's how they lived. We bought from them a large dressing table to the ceiling.
Yuri Pavlovich worked as a cabman, a church watchman. In the summer, the Diaghilevs were all three, hired to graze the herd of Novaya Derevnye. Pasta walked with a folding chair. Once my mother asked Tatyana Andreevna: "What are you eating?" in the evening - raspberries with malac ... "
Around 1930, the Diaghilevs, a local priest and several others were taken away and sent somewhere. The people sympathized with them. "
As it became later, the last owners of the Panaev family estates - the Diaghilevs Bainyovo and Borovenets - were exiled to the Novosibirsk region. In recent years, they lived in Chirchik (Uzbekistan). Yuri Pavlovich worked as an accountant in a local church. Son Dmitry is at the mine. During the Great Patriotic War, he was the head of a mining site. Since 1945 he has been a priest in Chirchik and Tashkent, where he died in 1993. He had no children.
There is nothing left of the estates at the moment
Estate "Krasny Bor".
The owner is Prince Yuri Obolensky.
In the scribal book of 1495, the Piross (Pirus) churchyard is described in detail. It included 304 obzhi (land plots). Part of the land paid the rent directly to the Grand Duke. Some belonged to monasteries, churches, landowners, service people.
The land in the area of Lake Zvana (the inventory says "villages on Zvan") belonged to Prince Yuri Obolensky. There were 9 villages around the lake with 13 courtyards in them. Judging by the inventory, the prince was no stranger Agriculture: "... and obezh 12, and of them the prince plows for himself with his people 2 roasts, sows rye 10 boxes, and hay is mowed 30 kopecks ..." The prince owned half of Lake Zvana. The same prince was given the estate of the Fedorovskaya volost. The inventory also mentions the village of Filistovo (according to the inventory of Filitovo), which only recently ceased to exist. Timoshka Eremin lived in it, the extortion from him was large - 3 money, one and a half boxes of bread, a bead of wheat, a ram, cheese, three handfuls of flax, and even the prince's housekeeper was supposed to give a shoulder of lamb and a handful of flax. It is interesting that even in the XX century, the village of Knyazha was located on these lands. Apparently, in its name they preserved the memory of the princes who owned this land. In the village of Bor, not far from Filistov, there was also one peasant.
The second half of Lake Zvan belonged to the landowner Grigory, the son of Konstantinov. He also owned a quarter of Lake Shchesna. In those days, the lakes were strictly guarded, no one had the right to fish in the lakes given to the landowners, the division boundaries were strictly observed, and a separate tribute was paid to the prince for fishing. The river Zvanka flows out of Lake Zvan and carries its waters to Valdayka. In the place where the rivers merge, the village of Mikhailovskoye is located.
In the Soviet years, on the site of the estates of K.A. Panayev and Obolensky, a correctional labor colony was opened.
In the village of Krasny Bor, on the dilapidated estate of Prince Obolensky, a women's colony was located. It held women with children, and even pregnant women. The baby's home stood separately from the main building, in which there were women prisoners. The children were looked after by ten nurses who lived right there on the territory of the colony. Women - prisoners were engaged in feasible work: caring for the cows. They grew potatoes and vegetables. The women's colony lasted until 1939. This year the house of Prince Obolensky burned down. The fire was strong, even the walls were destroyed. The women and their children were taken to Vyshny Volochek. Now on the site of the manor house there are miserable ruins.
The Lukhino estate.
The owner is Arkady Zakharovich Merkel.
The Lukhino estate was marked in the Pirus volost of the Borovichi district in the List for 1911 and belonged to Arkady Zakharovich Merkel. The estate was very small: only 2 residential buildings and 2 people lived (1 man and 1 woman). The main occupation of the inhabitants of the estate is agriculture.
Arkady Zakharovich Merkel is a merchant, personal honorary citizen.
More information has yet to be found.
Estate "Isaevo".
Owner Ivanov Germogen Ivanovich.
On the shore of Lake Otdyhalovo (formerly the lake was called Lower Oleshnya), not far from the village of Lvovo, there was the Otdykhalovo estate. There were five residential buildings in it, 12 people lived (8 males, 4 females).
It is not established who the estate belonged to until 1918.
In 1918 the Otdykhalovo estate belonged to Vl. Serafimovich, and the Isaevo estate (between Lvov and Lutkov), according to 1909 and 1919, belonged to the professor, author of the textbook "Geography" Ivanov Germogen Ivanovich.
On June 10, 1919, by the decision of the UZO Collegium, the Isaevo estate remained in its former form for the organization on its basis of the Soviet economy - the Rest House. The former owner, Professor GI Ivanov, became the head of the Soviet economy in Isaevo. His wife Anastasia Ivanovna and children - Hermogenes, Boris and Andrey lived with him.
In the middle of the 20th century, the lands of the Otdykhalovo village became part of the Vskhody state farm.
As of January 2007, 10 private farmsteads remained in Otdykhalovo, 15 residents, of which only 6 with permanent registration.
Manor Abakumovo.
The owners are noblemen Solopov.
Our Valdayka river flows into Lake Piros. On the shores of the lake there is to this day the ancient village of Piros with an old temple in the name of the holy supreme Apostles Peter and Paul. The closest to the village of Piros was the Abakumovo manor (variant of the name - Abakonovo), which was located in close proximity to the village of Rechka. By the way, my classmate from this village is Olesya Arkhipova, who told me that traces of a manor house are visible: a foundation, an overgrown pond, the outlines of alleys.
The village of Rechka is called so because it is located on the Saminka river. The village was first mentioned in the scribes of the Derevskaya pyatina in 1495: “In the Borovitsky churchyard ... the village of Rechka: the courtyard of Afanask Tarasov, the courtyard of Vaska Gavrilkov, six boxes of rye are sown and 30 knees are mowing hay”.
Since the 18th century, Abakumovo became the manor of the Solopov noble family.
The Solopovs were Borovichi nobles. The family of Vasily Vasilyevich Solopov and Victoria Dmitrievna (née Pushkina) had three children: Maria, Konstantin and Klavdia. The eldest daughter Maria later became an outstanding Russian writer, abbess of the Leushinsky monastery Abbess Taisia.
Maria Solopova graduated from the Pavlovsk Institute of Noble Maidens in St. Petersburg, returned to her native Abakumovo estate. But the idle landlord life was not to her heart. And then the parents decided to marry her off to the unloved. So the girl decided to go to the monastery. The parents were against, especially the mother, but the girl was adamant. Before leaving for St. Petersburg, Maria repeatedly visited the Iversky Svyatoozersky Monastery in Valdai, making sure to stop at Valdayka station on the way (Taisiya Leushinskaya will write about this later in her memoirs).
The estate was inherited by Konstantin Vasilyevich Solopov, who was approved in the nobility on September 12, 1865. He entered the cadet corps in St. Petersburg with the help of his older sister, Abbess Taisia, who trained him in all "non-special subjects". Later he chose a military career. Konstantin Vasilyevich Solopov had two children, Apolinarius and Anatoly.
Klavdia Vasilievna Solopova graduated from the Pavlovsk Institute for Noble Maidens, which her sister graduated from at one time. She was accepted immediately into the second grade and again thanks to her sister, who prepared her for admission. Then Maria was already a novice of the Tikhvin Vvedensky monastery.
Later, Klavdia Vasilievna got married, had a daughter, Nadezhda, who became the wife of the hereditary priest Fyodor Fedorovich Okunev. FF Okunev served at the Leushinsky courtyard in St. Petersburg.
In the first years of Soviet power, the estate was plundered and burned down. But to this day, the memory of life in the manor house has been preserved. In 200, in the village of Rechka, in the attic of a house, an armchair from the estate was found, which is kept at the Leushinsky courtyard in St. Petersburg. Local residents tell legends about the estate, which can be assumed to reflect the complex
relations between Abbess Taisia and her mother.
Abbess Taisia Lushinskaya (Maria Vasilievna Solopova, 1842 - 1915) is an outstanding spiritual writer. She is the author of many reprinted historical and theological works, which have now been translated and published in several European languages. Being a motherly relative of A.S. Pushkin (contemporaries considered her even the poet's granddaughter), she was a famous poetess, the author of six poetry collections. Many of her poems have become songs. In Soviet times, the name of the writer was forgotten, but now, due to changes in relation to religion, her name is being reopened. Many of her works have been republished in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Her "Notes" have withstood three editions over the past 10 years. Petersburg hosts evenings and concerts dedicated to the memory of Taisiya.
Abbess Taisia Lushinskaya became the founder of a special school for the Russian nunnery and the organizer of 10 new monasteries.
In 2002, in Borovichi, in connection with the 160th anniversary of Abbess Taisia, the All-Russian Taisiev Readings were held. The readings were timed to coincide with the opening of the exhibition "Abbess of All Russia" in the Historical Museum of Borovichi, dedicated to her spiritual heritage.
In 2002, they also remembered the Church of Peter and Paul in the village of Piros. After all, the bodies of the Abbess's parents rest at the temple. She attended services in this church as a child and until her departure to St. Petersburg.
Now the graves are put in order, the temple is being restored.
Estate "Yazykovo - Rozhdestvenskoe" .
Owners
Nikolay Ilyich Miklukha and
Dmitry Vasilievich Stasov.
From the Novgorod scribal books of the Derevskaya pyatina it is known that at the end of the 15th century the village of Yazykovo on the Shegrinka River, the former of Pavel Manuilov and his son Mikula, as a result of Ivan III's campaign against Novgorodians in the summer of 1471, passed into the possession of the Moscow boyar Oleshka Kvashnin. Over the next three centuries, the village remained in the Kvashnin family - Samarins.
In the materials of the General Land Survey, which took place in the Novgorod province in 1778 - 96, it is indicated that at the end of the 18th century Yazykovo with the surrounding villages belonged to the landowner Anna Alekseevna Kvashnina - Samarina.
By the time of the construction of the St. Petersburg - Moscow railway (1843 - 1851), i.e. in the middle of the 19th century, the village of Yazykovo with the Rozhdestvenskoye estate belonged to Lieutenant Nikolai Petrovich Evstifeev, who rented out the rooms of the master's house to the communications engineer, Captain Nikolai Ilyich Miklukh, the head of the construction of the 6th section of the road, that is, the section between Okulovka and Uglovka stations.
Shortly before that, Nikolai Ilyich had married Ekaterina Semyonovna Becker. They were married on April 2, 1844 in the Moscow Resurrection Church, which is at the Catherine's almshouse on Sretenka. He was 25 years old, she turned 17.
Ekaterina Semyonovna's father, Lieutenant Colonel Semyon Ivanovich Becker (1785 - 1854) was a military surgeon, a participant in the Patriotic War of 1812, served in the Nizovsky regiment. He was the son of a physician of the last Polish king, and he was married to a Polish woman, Louise Floriantovna Shatko.
In addition to Catherine, they had a daughter, Julia, and three sons, participants in the Polish uprising. Close friends of the military surgeon's family were the famous Moscow doctor F.P. Haaz and the handsome young prince Meshchersky, who was predicted to be his son-in-law. But Ekaterina Semyonovna chose an ordinary engineer - Captain Miklukha.
Instead of a honeymoon trip, N.I. Miklukha took his young wife off the beaten path to build a railway. Nikolai Ilyich's track record indicates that he was on leave only once, in 1844 for 28 days, on the occasion of his marriage. They lived together for less than thirteen years, moving on duty from place to place. But the first place where captain Miklukh and his young wife settled was the Yazykovo-Rozhdestvenskoye estate.
Here, on June 22, 1845, their first-born son Sergei, a future judge in Malin, Ukraine, will be born. He was baptized on June 26 in the Shegrinsky church of the Borovichi district. The sacrament of baptism was performed by the priest Ioann Smirnov, and the recipients from the font were: Borovichi landowner Major General Nikolai Ivanovich Ridiger, participant in the war of 1812, participant in the battle at Borodino, holder of the Order of St. Anna, 4th degree. N.I. Ridiger (1792 - 1850) - one of the ancestors of Patriarch Alexy II, who died recently - was married to Alexandra Petrovna Evstifeeva, to my sister the owner of the estate Yazykovo - Rozhdestvenskoe. The Ridiger estate - the Kostushino estate - was located nearby, on the same river Shegrinka. The godmother of the newborn Sergei Nikolaevich Miklukha was the sister of Ekaterina Semyonovna - Yulia Semyonovna Becker.
A year later, on July 5, 1846 (according to the new style, on July 17), a second son, Nikolai, a future scientist and traveler, was born in Rozhdestvenskoye. Thanks to this event, the modest estate was included in all the reference books and encyclopedias of the world. Nicholas was baptized on July 9 in the same Shegrinsky Church of Nicholas the Wonderworker (founded in 1769). There was the same priest and the same godfather - N. I. Ridiger.
If today you visit this abandoned church in the village of Shegrin, then in the bushes near the altar you can find the tombstone of the widow of Major General Alexandra Petrovna Ridiger, nee Evstifeeva (05/20/1884 - 05/11/1898). The general himself is buried at the Smolensk cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Soon after the birth of his second son, Nikolai Ilyich Miklukha received a new appointment, but the Yazykovo-Rozhdestvenskoye estate was destined to become famous again.
After the death of Lieutenant Nikolai Petrovich Evstifeev, the Yazykovo-Rozhdestvenskoye estate passed to his son, collegiate registrar Nikolai Nikolaevich Evstifeev, who sold it to the famous lawyer and public figure Dmitry Vasilyevich Stasov around 1885.
In the history of Russian culture, the Stasov family left a vivid mark, giving Russia a galaxy of outstanding figures in culture, social thought, art and the democratic movement. The remarkable architect Vasily Petrovich Stasov built many buildings that have gone down in the history of Russian architecture. His eldest son Vasily Vasilievich is a great critic, his daughter, Nadezhda Vasilievna, is a fighter for higher education for women, founder of the Bestuzhev courses.
The youngest son, Dmitry Vasilyevich, who owned the Yazykovo estate for a quarter of a century, is one of the organizers of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, the founder of the Russian Musical Society, the permanent chairman of the Moscow Council of Attorneys at Law, who defended political trials.
The estate Yazykovo - Rozhdestvenskoye Dmitry Vasilyevich Stasov acquired in order to obtain the right (land qualification) to be elected a vowel (deputy) to the Novgorod zemstvo.
In the biography of D. V. Stasov, written by his daughter Varvara Dmitrievna, the following is said about this event: “In 1885, in the Borovichi district of the Novgorod province, my father acquired an estate of 1000-something dessiatines on the Shegrinka River - Yazykovo - Rozhdestvenskoye - with a large forest , two lakes and a mill. In 1885 - 1886, he brought into a convenient and more cultured appearance the old manor house of the Stifeev landowners, from whom they bought the estate. It was rebuilt inside by Oskar Osipovich Thibault - Brinvol, our good friend, the architect, and since 1887 Dmitry Vasilyevich and his whole family began to spend the summer months not in Zamanilovka, but in Yazykov. The house was large, built of hundred-year-old, like stone logs, with rooms for the whole family, but allowing hospitality and friends who constantly came to visit Yazykovo. A large park adjoined the house, and on the other side there was a courtyard with all kinds of services. "
The Stasovs obviously did not know about the fact of the birth of the famous traveler in this house, but it is important for us to note in the cited document that the house under the Stasovs did not undergo significant alterations and looked from the outside about the same as at the birth of N.N. Miklukho-Maclay ...
In the archives of the Stasovs, kept in the Pushkin House in St. Petersburg, fortunately, a large number of photographs have survived, from which you can get a complete picture of the Yazykovo estate of those years.
The old spacious, boardwalk house with a hipped roof was no problem. The second floor was residential, and the first mezzanine was occupied by the kitchen and utility rooms. In the center of the southern façade, facing the park, a terrace was added at the level of the second floor, from where a wide staircase descended into the park. The park had birch and linden alleys, flower beds, well-groomed paths, intricate bridges across Shegrinka and Yazykovka.
The north facade looked out onto the spacious lawn in front of it with ten second-floor windows and nine smaller windows on the first floor. The entrance and stairs to the second floor were in the annex on the left.
A row of birches planted along the road separated the house and the lawn from the utility yard with many buildings. On the plan of buildings of the estate of 1910, found in the historical archive of St. Petersburg, there are indicated: a house for workers and a manager, a stable, a carriage shed, a barn, a threshing floor, a barn, two baths, a water heating system, barnyard, dairy, glacier, poultry houses and other buildings.
The Stasovs invited Mr. Franz Smayzhis, a hardworking and respectable Lithuanian, to manage the estate. The previous three-floor farm was changed to a five-floor farm, agricultural machines were brought in, ditches were laid to drain the meadows. And soon, at exhibitions in Borovichi and Novgorod, for samples of bread, vegetables, horses and other households, Yazykovo was awarded a medal.
The large family of Stasovs loved to come to Yazykovo for the summer. Young people here swam a lot, rode boats, went for a ride on horseback, read, played music. Dmitry Vasilyevich was often on the road, but when he came to Yazykovo, walkers from the surrounding villages reached out to him. Zemsky vowel D. V. Stasov talked with everyone for a long time, helped with legal advice, made various petitions. Stasov did not refuse economic and material assistance, and sought to introduce grass-field crop rotation with clovers on peasant farms. His son Sergei helped him in household matters.
His wife, Polixena Stepanovna, has her own visitors. Having raised six children, she possessed certain medical knowledge and did not refuse to help the peasants. Her medical practice was extensive, as evidenced by her patient admission log preserved in the archives.
Varvara Dmitrievna Stasova, who was married to Komarova, also had creative concerns. She was a fairly well-known writer, signing her books with a male pseudonym: Vladimir Karenin.
And Elena Dmitrievna Stasova has already shown a craving for propaganda and revolutionary activities. In the evening, when the day's work was over, she, with two or three brochures under her arm, went to the neighboring villages to read to the peasants there, to talk with them on exciting topics. In 1891, just after graduating from a gymnasium with a special pedagogical class, she decided to open a school for peasant children in Yazykov. My father did not mind, he was ready to provide premises and material assistance, but foreseeing the difficulties of implementing the plan, he wished that the school was not private, but a zemstvo one. And for this it was necessary to obtain consent to open a school from local peasants. Elena went around all the villages, explaining the benefits of the school and inviting them to the village gathering. However, the verdict of the meeting was negative: in Yazykov, the school would not be opened. The peasants decided that the zemstvo school in the village of Inogoschi and the parish school in Uglovka were quite enough.
Zemstvo activity brought Dmitry Vasilyevich Stasov great satisfaction. Appreciating the opportunity to provide assistance to the local population through this local self-government body, D. V. Stasov, even experiencing temporary difficulties, did not sell the estates so as not to lose the property qualification. Having mortgaged the estate temporarily in a bank, he invariably bought it out. But over the years, children, burdened with their own affairs and concerns, gathered less and less in Yazykov. Finally, in August 1913, the Yazykovo estate, the land and the mill in the village of Volkhov were sold to a new owner - Elena Filippovna Golovkina, the owner of the lime factory in Uglovka. And to his manager Franz Smayzhis, for his long and impeccable service, D.V. Stasov acquired a small Voronukh estate not far from Yazykov.
After the events of 1917, the Yazykovo estate, as Elena Dmitrievna Stasova had dreamed of, housed a school and a first-aid post. They existed until the fire in the early 50s, and in the late 70s, as a result of large-scale and ill-considered reclamation work, the park and the last manor buildings were destroyed.
In 1986, on the occasion of the 140th anniversary of the birth of N.N. Miklukho - Maclay, on the site of the former Yazykovo - Rozhdestvenskoye estate, on the lawn in front of the foundations of the burnt house, a stone was erected by the public with the inscription: “I was born here great traveler, scientist and humanist Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho - Maclay ".
Estate "Conclusion".
The Smentsovo estate.
Owner Alexander Sergeevich Khrenov.
The estate "Conclusion" is located on the territory of the Valdai settlement. You can get there by getting off the train at the next stop from Lykoshino station.
I have been there many times: we, the students, together with the teachers, visit the prison every year at the mass grave. Along the way, we inspect the manor house, never tired of admiring how superbly everything was arranged in the manor. I wander along the paths of the park and imagine what it might look like here in the late 19th - early 20th centuries (the construction dates back to this period). A fountain, flower beds, a terrace with a "balcony" over a steep bank, a round-shaped lake, like an artificial one ... And the house itself is in the form of an old romantic castle! It was built, apparently, according to the project of the owner of the estate, because Alexander Sergeevich Khrenov was a Petersburg architect who built houses in the Art Nouveau and eclectic style.
The most significant contribution to the appearance of St. Petersburg was the development of the odd side of Tavricheskaya Street.
Among other buildings of Khrenov, house 17/18 on Kovensky lane stands out - in addition to stained glass windows, stucco molding and forged gratings, a marble memorial plaque has survived on it. In the text on it without undue modesty it is written: "Built according to the drawings and instructions of the Architect A. Khrenov."
We were very lucky that Alexander Sergeevich chose our places for his estate. His estate, by the way, is the only one preserved on the territory of the Valdai settlement and one of the best preserved estates in the Tver region of the late eclectic period in the spirit of romantic stylization. That is why it is so pleasant that the estate finds its second birth and is carefully restored.
The main house on the territory of the estate amazes with the originality of its architecture: it is multi-level - the main part of the house is two-story, the round tower is three stories high, and the outbuildings adjoining the main part are one-story. The round tower served as the main entrance to the house (the semicircular staircase keeps traces of the former solemnity). The balcony above the entrance was very decorative in the building. The balcony itself has not survived, but forged metal carcass also in good condition... The third floor of the tower is decorated with rounded windows that look like portholes. By the way, the steering wheels are very clearly visible on the balcony lattice. Where did the architect Khrenov get his passion for the nautical theme, one can only guess, especially since his hobby is known - breeding trotting horse breeds. In 1904 Khrenov founded a stud farm here. According to the recollections of the watchmen, there was also a large kennel in the estate.
The eastern facade of the house faces the lake, and opposite the main, western one, there is a parterre, on which old birches and flower beds have been preserved: a round one in the center and two triangular ones on the sides. Two more semicircular flower beds were arranged along the sides of the path in front of the southern facade of the house.
The house and other residential buildings are located on a high hilly ridge. To strengthen the house, its foundation is built with a “wild stone” - a boulder, which gives it the appearance of a castle. To the north of the manor house there is a residential wing at a higher place, and a brick cellar and a "hunting lodge" are located by the road that runs from the west along the ridge. The dwelling wing, in comparison with the manor house, is built in restrained forms of eclecticism and only in some details echoes the main house. The "Hunting Lodge" - one-story with a semi-basement, obviously combined the functions of a manor pavilion and an economic structure.
The outbuildings are rectangular in plan, built of boulders and bricks.
During the Soviet years, the estate was used as a rest house and a sanatorium. New outbuildings appeared here, a veranda was glazed near the main house, and a large wooden extension was made to the outbuilding. Some of the openings were redone and partly laid. In the park, sculptures of children with a horn and girls with an oar were placed in the spirit of Soviet times. Mainly railroad workers and their families rested and were treated. There were many children during the school holidays.
During the Great Patriotic War, the buildings housed a hospital. It was at this time that the graves of soldiers appeared next to the estate. Especially there were a lot of them when the Nazis bombed a train with the wounded at the Zakonye station. After the war, they were reburied in one mass grave.
In 1943, the hospital was transferred to another location, and a rest house was opened again in Conclusion. The head was Stepan Stepanovich Shmakov. In June 1963, the rest house was reorganized into a tuberculosis sanatorium. Chief Physician - Anatoly Alexandrovich Chernyshev. A sanatorium was transferred here from Kozlovo, Spirovsky district, together with the medical staff. The sanatorium was closed in 1986 due to a lack of funds for its maintenance. The Bologovskiy Valve Plant bought out buildings for a subsidiary farm for breeding piglets. But due to the rise in the cost of feed, in 2000 the farm was closed as unprofitable. In 2003, the building was bought by a private entrepreneur who is engaged in restoration work.
Alexander Sergeevich Khrenov owned another estate - Smentsovo. This estate is mentioned in the "List of inhabited places of the Borovichi district" Novgorod,! 885 and 1911. The estate was located on the shore of Lake Garusovo. The village of Garusovo still exists today, but in 1885 and 1911 it is not on the list. Apparently, the village arose later on the site of the estate.
The "List of inhabited places ..." indicates that there were 6 buildings in Smentsovo, but one man and one woman permanently lived. According to the list of 1885, there were 7 buildings in the village of Smentsovo, but only 2 inhabited, and three men and two women lived.
The Smentsovo estate is associated with the name of Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich, who in 1916 wrote here the essay "The Unpolished Bowl", dedicated to the Mshensky keys, Russia and addressed to each of us. Here are the lines from the sketch: “Russia stands as if an unpolished cup. An unpolished bowl is a full, healing spring. A fairy tale lurked in the middle of an ordinary meadow. The underground power burns with gems. Russia believes and waits. " I believe that these words also apply to the old estates that were on our territory, to us. Because this topic - manor culture - is like an unpolished bowl full of treasures and waiting for us to pay attention to it. Those secrets that we have to uncover as a result of our research work are “burning with gems”.
3. Conclusion.
In my work, I described only some of the estates, there is a lot of work to be done and I intend to continue it, because I believe that this is our direct responsibility: to preserve and pass on to the descendants the history of our land. It is a pity that we did not get so much ... These "monuments of the old world" were almost completely destroyed.
“Eh, memory, memory! How short you are with those
who now commands here, does everything and decides everything ...
This paralysis of memory sooner or later turns into petrification of conscience, which becomes capable of anything ... right up to looting ».
These words, placed in the epigraph, were born to the writers Fyodor Abramov and Antonin Chistyakov in 1979 during their visit to the Yazykovo-Rozhdestvenskoye estate, which is now in the Okulovsky district of the Novgorod region. The desolation that reigns here and now, and not only there, hurts the heart. And the petrification of conscience reaches such limits that a memorial plaque installed on a granite boulder in memory of the birth of an outstanding scientist and traveler here constantly disappears thanks to the efforts of hunters for non-ferrous metal. How memorial plaques disappear in Mshentsy, Bologoye ... Just after time, someone unfolds the crypt of the Krzywicki family at the cemetery in Turny. How they covered the graves of the Panayevs with rubbish in the tomb of the Iversky Church, and wiped their feet on the tombstone of Alexandra Yegorovna for many years ...
You can't list everything. This is a must see! And feel it! Then to change and try to change the world!
The culture of the Russian estate, cut short by 1917, has not yet been explored as fully as this amazing phenomenon of an irrevocably bygone era deserves. In order to cover it in its entirety, the efforts of historians, art historians, architects, botanists, ecologists, agronomists, literary critics and people of many other specialties are needed.
I believe that the information contained in the abstract will help people who consider it their duty to revive this layer of Russian culture.
The practical focus of my work:
* the accumulated material can be used when working on a small encyclopedia of local lore "Settlement of the land of Bologovskaya", which is now being prepared for publication;
* the material can become the starting point for the publication of the book "The estates of the Bologovsky region and their inhabitants";
* this work will replenish the materials of the school museum of local lore, will be refined, clarified by those students who are carried away by search, research activities;
* materials are recommended to be used at conferences; lessons in literature, history, local history, when studying a block of local material; when preparing excursions around historical sites edge and in the work of the summer camp.
Bibliography
- Administrative - territorial position of the churches and chapels of the Bologovsky region. State Inspection List 1.01. 1993.
- Ivanov M.A.And there were sorrow and cry / New Life newspaper of March 13, 1991.
- Ivanov M.A.Mignificant from above - beggar from below / New Life newspaper of April 9, 1991
- Ivanov M. A. Ivan Bilibin on Valdike "/ New Life newspaper, July 5, 2002.
- Ivanov M. A. Land Bologovskaya on the map of history. Publishing house "Istoki", Vyshny Volochek, 2006.
- Ivanov M. A. Bologoye in Valdai. Risograph of the educational and methodological center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Russian Federation, Novo - Sinkovo, Moscow Region.
- Lastochkin N.A.My Bologoye. Publishing house LLC Novklem Veliky Novgorod, 2005.
- Lastochkin N. And "Turensky Pogost" / New Life newspaper, July 12, 2002.
- Lastochkin N. And "Springs of Prirosya". Russian province magazine. 1999.
- Materials of the local history museum of Lykoshinskaya boarding school №2
- Materials of the Okulovsky local historian L.E.Brikker.
- Markova O.A. Through the crucible of suffering / New Life newspaper, March 17, 2000.
- Markova O. A. Sopki. Social portrait of the village / New Life newspaper, August 18, 2000.
- Markova O.A. In Kuznetsovo - a village / New Life newspaper dated June 16, 2000.
- Novgorod scribal books. Volume I. Derevskaya pyatina in 1495
- Panaev V. A. Memories / Journal Russian antiquity № 9 for 1901
- Household books of the Lykoshinsky s \ council for 1935 - 1945
- V.V. Sychev Between two capitals. Russian province magazine, 1998.
- V.V. Sychev Noble nests. / newspaper Novaya Zhizn, July 16, 1991.
- "List of populated areas of the Novgorod province for 1884"
- "List of populated areas of the Novgorod province for 1885"
- "List of populated areas of the Novgorod province in 1909"
- "List of populated areas of the Novgorod province for 1911"
- Materials for the assessment of land in the Novgorod province. Valdai district. Novgorod, 1890
- Reference book on the districts of the Leningrad region for 1930.
- Sharaeva A. Near the village of Sopki / New Life newspaper, 2002
Annex 1
Manor "Keys".
Owner Mikhail Pavlovich Chekhov.
Appendix 2
Estates:
Sorokiny Mountains. Owner Nikolay Ivanovich Gruss.
"Landysheva Mountain". The owner is Mikhail Efimovich Grum - Grzhimailo.
"Green dacha". The owner is Mikhail Dmitrievich van Putteren.
Appendix 3
Manor "Sukhoye"
Owner Olga Aleksandrovna Krshivitskaya
Manors in D. Sopka.
Appendix 4
Dacha Borisovo.
The owner is the merchant Nikolay Efremovich Beltikhin.
Appendix 5
Estate "Mikhailovskoe".
The owners are Kronid Alexandrovich and Alexandra Egorovna Panaevs.
Appendix 6
Manor "Bainyovo"
Owner Valerian Alexandrovich Panaev.
Estate "Boroventsy"
The owners are Sergey and Yuri Diaghilev.
Appendix 7
Estate "Yazykovo - Rozhdestvenskoe".
Owners
Nikolai Ilyich Miklukha and Dmitry Vasilyevich Stasov.
Appendix 8
"Conclusion".
The Smentsovo estate.
Owner Alexander Sergeevich Khrenov .
Appendix 9
Search roads.
The village of Lykoshino is located on the border of two regions: 35 km north-west of the town of Bologoye in the Tver region and 38 miles from the city of Valdai in the Novgorod region. In the past it was referred to as the settlement of the Valdayka station and belonged to the Novgorod province. Valdaika was one of the largest stations on the Nikolaev railway. Under her, the village grew up, which has preserved the buildings of the middle of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. In addition to ancient stone and wooden houses, railway buildings, the village has its own main attraction - a huge abandoned church in the Russian-Byzantine style. And next to it there are also manor buildings: a wooden main house, a brick outbuilding and a utility yard with a beautiful corner turret. I will tell you about these interesting things in this report.
Let's start with the main attraction of this village - the church, which is located on a low hill and is the dominant feature of the area. The Iverskaya Church is an original work of the Russian-Byzantine style. Differs in a complex construction of volumes and spectacular decor.
Built according to an exemplary design at the end of the 19th century. It is possible that in 1870, designed by Konstantin Ton.
The eastern façade is adorned with a huge decorative eight-pointed cross over the entire height of the apse.
The upper part of the cross is designed as a window opening - an extremely interesting and rare technique for Orthodox churches.
Few fragments of the facade decor.
Large double arched windows are a typical technique for Russian-Byzantine architecture.
The main entrance was located in the vestibule, above which there was a belfry (not preserved).
The entrance was also carried out through a low semicircular ledge (lateral apse) adjacent to the altar part.
We go inside. Large volumes of pillarless space open before us.
As you can see, the interior of the church has been completely lost.
The altar part with an interesting cross-shaped window.
Under the pile of crumbling bricks, you can still see the floor covered with mosaic tiles.
How much painstaking work it took to lay out such a floor.
What is interesting: among the ordinary bricks in this church, we found a foreign copy - a refractory brick with a stamp.
The "Patent" mark may have belonged to the factory of the Garnkirk Fireclay company, which began operations in 1832 in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The plant was considered one of the largest in Great Britain and, in addition to refractory bricks, produced ornamental vases, urns, tiles, etc. The products were supplied all over the world to France, Germany, Russia, the British colonies in India, the USA and New Zealand.
Well, let's leave this temple and go to look at the manor, which is located not far from this place.
The manor buildings are located on the banks of the Valdayka River in a wooded and hilly area. They are an example of an architectural complex of the eclectic period, which combines stone and wooden buildings.
A complex of buildings was formed mainly in 1875-1900
years. There is a version that the estate belonged to a certain Panaev.
According to other sources, the courtyard of the Valdai Iversky Monastery was located here.
The existing wooden main house was built in the 1910s on the foundations of the previous burnt down house. The main house is a wooden one-storey building with a mezzanine, sheathed with planks and with a granite plinth.
On the phalanges there are triple windows with bow-shaped lintels and decorated with frame platbands.
The corners of the main volume are fixed with narrow bending blades with carvings in the spirit of folk ornament.
Above is a large dormer with a triangular pediment.
In the center of the facade there is an entrance frame vestibule.
Above the vestibule there is a mezzanine with three windows with a triangular pediment.
Next to the main house there is a residential wing - a two-storey brick building with plastering on the facades.
The corners and the middle axis of the facade are processed with pilasters in two tiers.
On the other hand, the southern utility building adjoins the house. It is a one-story brick building.
A faceted tower adjoins the southeast corner. The tower is crowned with a low tent.
At the base of the tent there are decorative keeled kokoshniks.
There are still many simple buildings nearby for household needs.
But they are no longer so interesting to us. Therefore, we leave this small estate buried in greenery ...
So, the village of Lykoshino. Residential buildings that make up the development of the central part of the village.
The existing appearance of the building was formed mainly in the 2nd half of the 19th century.
And in the masonry of this building (early XX century), boulders are widely used.
Most of the buildings are made of bricks, plastered or whitewashed.
The houses are very close in architecture, characteristic of the classicizing eclecticism.
Another attraction has survived in Lykoshino - railway buildings built in the mid-19th - early 20th centuries.
One of the large stations of the Nikolaev railway, belonging to the category of the 3rd class, is located in the northeastern part of the village. Initially, the station was called along the river - Valdayka, and by the beginning of the 20th century it received its present name - Lykoshino.
In the middle of the 19th century, two identical water-body buildings, two similar passenger buildings, a dwelling house for workers and a water-lifting building were built according to standard designs. Now we will look at them.
The reservoir building is the most significant structure of the complex, which serves as its dominant.
The side facades of the two-storey volume are marked with porticoes of a large order with Tuscan columns.
The corners are fixed with massive enveloping pilasters that have preserved the rustication.
Closer to the river bank, a water-lifting building (pumping station) has been preserved - a building in the forms of classicizing eclecticism.
The dwelling house for workers is a log building sheathed with planks. On the longitudinal facades it has large projections with exits.
This is where we finish our inspection of local architectural monuments and again return along the cobblestone pavement.
We met such a village rich in antiquity in the Tver region. :)
Used the material of the second volume on the Tver region "Code of architectural monuments and monumental art of Russia"
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Secondary boarding school No. 2"
Educational project "GREAT VICTORY"
Research project
The history of the Great Patriotic War in the history of my family.
Completed by grade 5 student Vinogradov Stepan
Head teacher of history Vasilyeva T.G.
P. Lykoshino
2015
Even then we were not in the world,
When you came home with Victory.
May soldiers, glory to you forever
From the whole earth, from the whole earth!
Thank you soldiers
For life, for childhood and spring,
For silence, for a peaceful home,
For the world in which we live!
(M. Vladimov)
The calendar contains dates that are forever inscribed in the heroic chronicle of our country. One of them is Victory Day. The years of the Great Patriotic War go farther and farther into the past, but with a keener memory of our hearts we peer at them.
War ... What a small word! And how much blood, pain, tears are associated with this word! I don't even want to think about it. But for 70 years now our country has been illuminated by the light of VICTORY in the Great Patriotic War. Is it a lot or a little? How to count, what to take as a starting point? She got it at a difficult price. Since then, humanity has not lived in peace!
Memory .... Human memory preserves and preserves what is no longer there.
“People believe this memory, the whole earth needs
If we forget the war, the war will come again "
Ominous tongues of flame, rushing upward, touched my loved ones.
Terrible news broke into their homes.
Leader: Vasilyeva Tatyana Grigorievna, teacher of history and social studies.
The title of the research work: “The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. in the history of my family. "
Educational institution: Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary boarding school No. 2" Lykoshino settlement, Bologovsky district.
Type of work: Research project.
Used media resources: Word text editor, Internet resources, author's presentation, created in the Power Point environment.
Project goal: perpetuating the memory of my ancestors who fought during the Great Patriotic War.
Strengthening the bond between generations.
Tasks:
Revitalize creative and exploratory activity through project activities;
Study the literature and find out what the Second World War is;
Chat with the veteran's family;
To figure out Interesting Facts from his life;
Tell this to the children at school.
Hypothesis: after finding out the life of a veteran, we will learn more about the years of the Great Patriotic War.
Research methods: interviewing, design.
Necessary equipment: personal computer, printer, paper, access to Internet resources.
Chapter I. We investigate.
1) Relevance and importance
War ... in this word pain and suffering, horror in the eyes of mothers and the cry of a child, the last groan of a soldier, sorrow in the eyes of the elderly. War is anger, fear, death and grief. The war fell upon our country with all the weight of pain, tears, torment.
There is no village, no family on the territory of the Tomsk region, which would not have been touched by the Great Patriotic War with the terrible news of the death of relatives, loved ones, friends, comrades.
The war passed through the fate of all the peoples of the Soviet Union. 1418 fiery days and nights of the battle against fascism fell on the shoulders of the inhabitants of the Bologovsky district of the Tver region as a hard time.
Years pass, decades change, and much of what we extolled as glorious deeds that will live for centuries has faded, but this feat - the feat of the people in the Patriotic War - is destined to remain in history forever. Fewer and fewer veterans of the Great Patriotic War remain among us. Millions left without feeling even the smallest care for themselves. In the beginning, there was nowhere to take - half of the country was destroyed, and then behind our gigantic plans - everything was not up to them; not up to them - gradually aging, losing health and strength, and still not up to them.
At the present historical stage, it consists in new views on the events of Vov, namely, the clarification of many details of the military and labor exploits of the people. Victory Day is becoming a sadder holiday every year. Veterans of the Great Patriotic War are leaving. And, we have to admit with sadness that the memory of that war is leaving with them.
They fought for their homeland! We remember and are proud!
One of the most terrible and bloody wars in the history of mankind ended 70 years ago. Our Russian people paid a huge price for the Victory - more than 27 million people died. The Great Patriotic War became a real test for all people, accompanied by the loss of loved ones. The war continued for four long years. Heavy, exhausting battles, famine, the Leningrad blockade, the Battle of Stalingrad did not break you. You have walked forward towards an unforgiving danger. You, the participants and workers of the rear of this terrible war, were able to resist this enemy force, show the courage and resilience of the Russian spirit. Your feat does not fade over time. The further from us those formidable war years, the more we realize the greatness of the feat. The current generation must remember at what cost Victory in this terrible war was given to us, honor the memory of the victims, and show tireless concern for the veterans. Indeed, thanks to the veterans, today we can live under a peaceful sky.
The victory was achieved thanks to the feat of millions of people, each of whom deserves the highest honor and gratitude, even the highest government awards.
Chapter 2. Research.
I want to tell you about my ancestors
Smirnova Evdokia Iosifovna, 1860-1932, mother of Zueva Stepanida Fedorovna (my great-great-great-grandmother)
1931 Zuev Fedor Andriyanovich, Zueva Stepanida Fedorovna, parents of Savicheva Vera Fedorovna (my great-great-grandmother and great-great-grandfather)
1933 Zueva Vera (great-grandmother), Zuev Fedor Andriyanovich (great-great-grandfather of Styopa), Zueva Maria (sister of great-grandmother), Zueva Stepanida Fyodorovna (great-great-grandmother of Styopa), behind Zuev Peter (brother of great-grandmother)
1934 Zuev Pyotr Fedorovich (brother of my great-grandmother). He served in the army until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. He died at the very beginning of the war. We do not know anything about him.
photograph dated December 12, 1939. Zuev Pyotr Fedorovich. On the left is my great-grandmother's brother.
March 30, 1941 Przemysl, border with Germany. Pyotr Fedorovich Zuev (great-grandmother's brother on the right)
This is an urgent service. In 1941, he was supposed to be demobilized, but tragic days began for our people, he could not stay on the sidelines ..
November 24, 1936 Andriyanov Alexander Fedorovich, military service. (The surname used to be given by the father's patronymic) (brother of my great-grandmother). I came from the army, but from the military registration and enlistment office, on orders The communist party From the Soviet Union, he was sent to Belarus, where he met his love and got married. He returned to the village of Lipskoye, Bologovsky District in 1940 with his wife, and his daughter Irina was born. When the war began, he came to the military registration and enlistment office and voluntarily went to the front. Was sent to the Northwest Front. He died in the Pskov lands. Great-grandmother does not know where he is buried. How precious are the illegible lines!
Turning a page of an old album, I saw familiar eyes. MY GRANDMA in an old photo! Young, beautiful, so beloved!
Photo of 1944 ZUEVA VERA FYODOROVNA.
December 1944 City of Riga. Hospital staff (first row second Zueva Vera Fedorovna)
1944 Riga city Zueva Vera Fedorovna (top row first)
December 25, 1944 City of Riga. Zueva Vera Fedorovna
Zueva (Savicheva) Vera Fedorovna was born on August 17, 1923 in a large peasant family in the village of Lipskoye, Ryutinsky village council. The family had 8 children. Two died in infancy. Two brothers, Alexander and Peter, died at the very beginning of the war. Further in seniority: Anna, Vera, Maria, Polina. In the village of Lipskoye at that time there was a 4-year-old elementary School which Vera finished.
She worked from 1938 to 1941. at a knitwear factory (handicraft) in the village of Martynovo, a branch of the Ryutinskaya knitwear factory. They worked, did not count the time, the front needed white men's socks.
At the beginning of the war in 1941 and 1942. without fail went to defense work. First, they built an airfield beyond the village. Ryutino (on 2 horses with axes and saws, they sawed and removed the wood, cleared the area for the airfield). We went to Bologoye and dug trenches, prepared wood for steam locomotives. In January 1943 she went to work at the sanatorium Conclusion and
was sent to the Baltic front-line hospital No. 1407,
this is an ambulance train that came to the front and picked up the wounded.
My great-grandmother worked as a castellan. The wounded were received through a checkpoint (this is a type of bath), where Zueva (Bukshta) Maria Fedorovna, sister of Vera Fedorovna, also worked. Then, seriously wounded, they were sent to the rear. Provided all possible assistance to doctors and nurses. The clothes of all the wounded were very dirty and passed through the steam room. The rules were strict. My great-grandmother received clothes from the list, sent them to the wash and washed them herself, made the beds and put the wounded to bed. When she recovered, Vera Fedorovna gave the soldiers new clothes, and they again went to the front to liberate the land from the fascist invaders. Some of the wounded died and were buried in the mass grave in the village of Zaklechye.
Stubborn battles were going on. The Soviet Army successfully advanced forward, liberating the burned down villages, villages, and destroyed cities.
In August 1944, an ambulance train arrived in Sebezh (Latvian border). And in January 1945, after the liberation of Riga, the ambulance train remained in this city until the Victory. What a welcome word! How everyone was waiting for the end of the war. Joyfully on the streets they kissed unfamiliar fighters, shouted: "Hurray!" But the train workers did not go home, but to the Far East, where the war with Japan began. The train dragged on slowly, outside the windows lay the beautiful Lake Baikal, then the city of Chita, then the city of Borzya (Buryatia, near the border with China). The war for my great-grandmother ended in 1946. War is war, but my great-grandmother found minutes to communicate with her friends, to take a photo as a souvenir.
In January 1946, the ambulance train was disbanded and everyone left for their homes. We drove for a long time in a freight car called Pullman.
1945 the city of Riga Zueva Vera Fedorovna (my great-grandmother).
January 22, 1945 the city of Riga. Zueva Vera Fedorovna (castellan) and Suchkova Anna (nurse) (great-grandmother's cousin). Hospital staff. It's not scary together.
Caption: “Dear Vera from Nadezhda! Remember the happy day of the second victory over Japan and the expectation of meeting your family. August 15, 1945 Talimonchik. " Great-grandmother's friend at the hospital, head nurse Talimonchik Nadezhda Ivanovna. Unfortunately, the connection was lost, and we do not know how her fate developed.
September 18, 1945 the city of Riga Zuevs Vera Fedorovna and Maria Fedorovna (sisters)
In February 1946 she entered the Orphanage in the settlement of Lykoshino Kastellanshey, where she worked until 1954 as Director Orphanage there was Zagorsky Ivan Mikhailovich. Many children were brought from besieged Leningrad. My great-grandmother always found a kind, affectionate word for them.
Then she married a worthy man Alexei Savichev (my great-grandfather), gave birth to children, Boris and Elena, and did not work for 10 years, raised her children.
In 1964 she entered the Raipo settlement of Lykoshino, where she worked until 1985 as a seller. Always friendly, polite, sociable great-grandmother enjoyed authority in the village. Now, too, many remember her. I used to come to school for the holidays, but now the guys meet at her house. Great-grandmother shares her memories, drink tea and all the children consider her theirs. I'm a little jealous, but I understand, I'm proud!
1947 Lykoshino, Orphanage. First row: In the center is Zueva Vera Fedorovna (my great-grandmother).
May 1, 1947 Lykoshino village Orphanage
October 19, 1957 The Savichev family: Alexey Nikitovich, Vera Fedorovna (Zueva) and their children Boris and Elena. (My great-grandmother and great-grandfather, and my grandmother Elena is in the arms of my great-grandmother).
1979 Veterans Raipo Bologoye (bottom row third Savicheva Vera Fedorovn
My great-grandmother with her grandchildren with Alexei and Natalia (from her son).
1985 year Savicheva Vera Fedorovna and son Boris Alekseevich Savichev near their home. 
1994 Savichev Boris Alekseevich
(brother of my grandmother Elena) with her son Alexei.
1994 in the center Savicheva Lyubov Sergeevna (Boris's wife) and children: Natalia and Alexey.
1982 Bukshta (Zueva) Maria Fedorovna, Savicheva (Zueva) Vera Fedorovna, Mikhailova Valentina Petrovna, Kurchavina (Zueva) Polina Fedorovna. (sisters and niece)
I leaf through the album, the yellowed photographs bring new information about my large family. I never thought about it!
Savichev Alexey Borisovich, son of Boris, grandson of Vera Fedorovna. Hereditary military man. Several times I was on a business trip to the Chechen Republic.
Savicheva Anastasia Alekseevna, daughter of Alexei, great-granddaughter of Vera Fedorovna.
Savicheva (Malikova) Natalya Borisovna, daughter of Boris, granddaughter of Vera Fedorovna.
Malikov Vladislav Dmitrievich, son of Natalia, great-grandson of Vera Fedorovna.
2008 Vinogradova (Savicheva) Elena Alekseevna (art teacher at the Lykoshinskaya boarding school) and Savichev Boris Alekseevich, a military pensioner.
Photo 
1979 Savichev Alexey Nikitovich (my great-grandfather) with his grandchildren Anatoly (my dad) and Alexei.
Photo 
1990 Savicheva Vera Fedorovna with her granddaughter Marina Vinogradova (sister of my dad)
My great-grandmother's grandchildren:
1991 Vinogradov Marina and Anatoly (my dad).
2003 Vera Fedorovna with her great-grandson Vladislav.
2004 Vinogradova (Savicheva) Elena Alekseevna with her grandchildren. (on the left Malikov Vladik 1 year, on the right Vinogradov Stepa 1 year 6 months)
September 1, 2009 Vinogradov Anatoly Valerievich, Vinogradov Stepan and Vinogradova (Golikova) Maria Arkadyevna at a party at school. Father, mother and me. 
my parents.
Vinogradova (Golikova) Maria Arkadyevna and Vinogradov Anatoly Valerievich, son of Elena, grandson of Vera Fedorovna.
February 2013 me and my grandmothers Tatiana and Elena.
Congratulations from the school on Victory Day 2005
guys visiting my great-grandmother 2014.
Savicheva Vera Fedorovna against the background of her favorite poppies. 2010 year
February 2006 Savicheva (Zueva) Vera Fyodorovna and Bukshta (Zueva) Maria Fyodorovna (younger sister)
Favorite songs of my great-grandmother Vera: "Holy War", she recalls how she sang it in the "quiet minutes" of the war. Likes to listen to modern songs such as "Malinovka".
Vinogradova Marina Valerievna, daughter of Elena, granddaughter of Vera Fedorovna, with her son Denis (great-grandson of Vera Fedorovna)
Awards of my great-grandmother Vera.
HOMELAND and family are the most precious things in the world!
Photo 
September 22, 1931 Savichev Alexey Nikitovich .
Alexei Nikitovich Savichev was born on March 12, 1912, about which a corresponding entry was made in the register of births for 1912 on March 12. Parents: Father Savichev Nikita Pavlovich, Mother Savicheva Irina Nikitovna. (We don't know anything about them). Place of birth of the child: Starozhilovsky district Bukrino RSFSR Russia. Place of registration: Bukrinsky s / s
1929 Moscow city, st. Skhodnya, ShKU grade 7 Savichev Alexey Nikitovich (top row, second from the right, Styopa's great-grandfather)
July 24, 1936 the 20th battery of the 4th bunker of the 169th artillery regiment. Rybatskoye village, Leningrad. View of the entrance to the barracks. Savichev Alexey Nikitovich (bottom row in the center at the fold). Urgent service in the army (great-grandfather).
Before the war, Aleksey Nikitovich worked as a joiner at the Borovichi Woodworking Plant. "Executive, conscientious" - this is how his colleagues spoke of him.
The lines on old paper are bad, so the decryption goes on.
Page 1 Excluded from the military registration for reaching the age limit (signature) January 5, 1963
Military ID series L No. 131895 Savichev Alexey Nikitich, born 1912. (signed)
Issued by the Bologovsky (Kalinin region) city military commissariat on February 17, 1948 (signature, seal)
Military registration information: year of birth 1912;
Accounting group SV;
Composition: soldier;
No. of military registration specialty 1;
The name of the military registration specialty: shooter, automatic and light machine gunners;
Job qualifications: shooter;
Military rank: private.
Page 2 Specialty (civil): Joiner, 4th grade;
Party membership: non-partisan;
Is it a member of the Komsomol: not a member;
Nationality Russian;
Native language: Russian;
Knowledge foreign languages: does not own;
Worker, office worker, peasant: worker.
Page 3. Literacy and education: Graduated from the 7th grade of the artisan school of art. Gathering Oct. Railway in 1932
Place of birth: Ryazan region Starozhilovsky district, Bukrinsky s / s, Bukrino village.
Page 4 Called up by the Moscow Regional Military Commissariat of Leningrad October 1934
Recognized as fit for combat service
And credited at 166 zen. art. regiment
Height 164; okrug heads 58; gas mask size 3; shoe size 27.
Page 5 Brief information on the passage of service in the cadres of the Red Army:
166th anti-aircraft artillery regiment - gun number from October 1934 - September 1936. Transferred to the reserve in September 1936. Mobilized by Borovichesky GVK June 23, 1941 486 rifle regiment, shooter. June 23, 1941 - October 23, 1941 From October 23, 1941 - September 20, 1944 Was in the German
P. 6. captivity. Specialist. the audit took place in Rakverg. 487th Infantry Regiment - shooter. From October 25, 1944 - November 5, 1945 Demobilized on the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from November 5, 1945
Page 11. Information about participation in the Second World War from July 1941 - October 23, 1941 and from October 25, 1944 -
in the composition of the 486th regiment - a rifleman.
487 pp. Regiment - shooter.
P. 15. Does it have any wounds or contusions: Doesn't.
Does he have any government awards: Medal for the victory over Germany - July 24, 1946
My great grandfather for a long time
worked in the sanatorium "Shirokoe". He was engaged in construction work, then in the forestry. At school No. 16 in Lykoshino, he taught carpentry. He worked a little in the sanatorium "Conclusion" before its liquidation, was the chairman of the Lykoshinsky general store. From 1966 until his retirement in 1976 he worked at the station Bologoye-Moskovskoye Okt. f. e. weighing distributor. He died on January 17, 1980 after a long illness, old wounds were haunted. Pohorone at the local cemetery in Lykoshino. Per Good work my great-grandfather was repeatedly awarded. The documents of the “Drummer of Communist Labor.
Awards of my great-grandfather Alexei.
It follows from this that he fought and defended our Motherland with dignity.
This is me at the history lessons in 2014. In all subjects I have grades "4" and "5". Participation in the research project gave me the understanding that I know little about the Great Patriotic War, it is necessary to study.
I have someone to look up to! Many thanks to my great-grandmother Vera and grandmother Elena Alekseevna for sharing information and helping to explore the family archive. I AM proud of my roots!
I close the album. How much I learned! I really want other people to know about my wonderful family, so that there will never be a war on PLANET EARTH!
